AOne nurse counts the radial pulse twice and compares the two counts
BThe pulse oximeter rate is compared with the blood pressure reading
CTwo nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute
DOne nurse counts the apical pulse for 15 seconds and multiplies by four
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A small fire starts in a patient's room. What is the first action?
AMove the patient away from immediate danger
BOpen the windows to let out the smoke
CGo and find the fire safety officer to ask what should be done
DTry to put out the fire with water
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
接触予防策中の患者に対する器材の扱いで、正しいのはどれですか?
A患者の器材を隣の部屋へ持っていく
B清潔な物品庫から出した器材を、そのまま戻す
C清拭せずに、すべての患者に同じ聴診器を使う
Dその患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A hospital will introduce new infusion pumps and wants to find out how the process could fail before any harm occurs. Which method fits best?
ARoot cause analysis (RCA) of the new pumps
BFailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
CAn incident report for each new pump
DA morbidity and mortality meeting
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient about levothyroxine. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will take it at breakfast with my calcium tablet.”
B“I will keep taking it even when I feel well.”
C“I will take it at the same time each morning.”
D“I will take it on an empty stomach with a glass of water.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An 85-year-old resident becomes newly confused and is falling, but has no fever. Which cause should the nurse consider first?
ABoredom from not having enough activities
BA sudden worsening of long-standing dementia that needs no tests
CAn infection, such as a urinary tract infection, presenting atypically
DNormal aging that needs no assessment
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which side effect is common when a patient starts taking metformin?
AHypoglycaemia in most patients who take it
BNausea, abdominal discomfort or diarrhoea
CRapid weight gain
DSevere headache
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
看護師が、ハイリスク薬の処方量が正しいかどうか確信が持てません。最も安全な行動は?
Aいつもと同じ量に見えるか患者に尋ねて投与する
B医師がつかまるまでの妥協として半量を投与する
C医師が処方に署名しているので投与する
D投与を保留し、まず処方者か薬剤師に確認する
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a total thyroidectomy yesterday. Which laboratory value is most important to monitor in the first days after surgery?
ASerum calcium
BSerum sodium
CSerum potassium
DSerum glucose
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on stable digoxin starts amiodarone. A week later, the patient has nausea and visual changes, and the digoxin level is above the range. What is the most likely explanation?
AAmiodarone has raised the digoxin level
BDigoxin has raised the amiodarone level
CThe patient has started a viral illness
DAmiodarone has lowered potassium only
11.薬理学ふつう
Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?
AThey block the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids
BThey can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
CThey increase the clearance of salbutamol
DThey cause mucus plugs by drying the airways
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is glibenclamide (glyburide) generally avoided in older adults?
AIt is long-acting and can cause prolonged, severe hypoglycaemia
BIt causes severe weight loss and muscle wasting in older people
CIt causes high blood glucose in older adults
DIt is not absorbed in people over 65
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?
AIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
BIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
After a change in the levothyroxine dose, when is the TSH usually rechecked?
AAfter 24 hours
BAfter about 6–8 weeks
CAfter about 2 years of treatment
DAfter 3 days
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced
BThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
CA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
DThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What does "neoadjuvant" treatment mean?
ATreatment that is given only after the cancer has already spread
BTreatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
CTreatment given only for pain relief
DTreatment that is given instead of any surgery
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 3 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has abdominal pain, fever and mild jaundice, and green fluid is draining from the drain. What is most likely?
ANormal post-operative drainage
BUrinary retention
CA wound haematoma
DA bile leak
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
生後 1 分の新生児の心拍数は 90 回/分です。アプガースコアで、心拍数は何点になりますか?
A0
B1
C2
D3
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn male has a urethral opening on the underside of the penis. What should the nurse tell the parents?
ACircumcision should wait for specialist review
BIt is a normal variation that needs no follow-up
CCircumcision should be done straight away
DIt will correct itself by school age
21.小児看護ふつう
A 2-year-old suddenly began coughing while eating peanuts. He now has a wheeze on one side of the chest only. What is most likely?
AAn inhaled foreign body
BBronchiolitis
CViral croup
DA first attack of asthma
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child has a swollen, red eyelid with fever, pain on moving the eye and blurred vision. What should the nurse suspect?
ASimple conjunctivitis, treated with eye drops at home
BOrbital cellulitis, which needs urgent review and IV antibiotics
CA stye, which will drain on its own with warm compresses
DAn insect bite, which needs only a cold compress
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient intoxicated with phencyclidine (PCP) is agitated and has nystagmus and high blood pressure. Which nursing approach is best?
ATry to talk the patient down by discussing his feelings in detail
BProvide a quiet, low-stimulation environment and keep staff and patient safe
CPut him in a busy area so that staff can watch him more easily
DEncourage him to walk around the ward and join in activities to help burn off the drug
答え: C · Two nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute
これが答えになる理由
A pulse deficit is the apical rate minus the radial rate, counted at the same time over a full minute. It shows that some heartbeats are too weak to reach the wrist, as in atrial fibrillation.
答え
C · Two nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Move the patient away from immediate danger
これが答えになる理由
The first priority is to rescue anyone in immediate danger, then raise the alarm, contain the fire by closing doors and only then try to extinguish it if safe. Opening windows feeds a fire with oxygen.
答え
A · Move the patient away from immediate danger
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · その患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
これが答えになる理由
聴診器やカフなどの非クリティカル器材は、その患者専用とするか、別の患者に使う前に清掃・消毒します。
答え
D · その患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
これが答えになる理由
FMEA is a proactive method that looks at each step of a process, asks how it could fail and what the effect would be, and changes the process in advance. Root cause analysis is used after an event has happened.
答え
B · Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · “I will take it at breakfast with my calcium tablet.”
これが答えになる理由
Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach and is separated from calcium and iron by several hours. It is usually lifelong, so it is not stopped when the patient feels better.
答え
A · “I will take it at breakfast with my calcium tablet.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · An infection, such as a urinary tract infection, presenting atypically
これが答えになる理由
Older adults often present with confusion or falls rather than fever when they have an infection. New confusion is a change that needs assessment for causes such as infection, dehydration or medication.
答え
C · An infection, such as a urinary tract infection, presenting atypically
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Nausea, abdominal discomfort or diarrhoea
これが答えになる理由
Gastrointestinal upset is common at the start, so metformin is started at a low dose with food and increased gradually. It rarely causes hypoglycaemia when used alone.
The parathyroid glands can be injured or removed during thyroidectomy, so parathyroid hormone falls and hypocalcemia can follow. The nurse monitors calcium and checks for tingling around the mouth, muscle cramps and Chvostek or Trousseau signs.確認に用いた資料:Hypoparathyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Serum calcium
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Amiodarone has raised the digoxin level
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone reduces digoxin clearance, so the level can rise significantly, and the digoxin dose is often reduced when amiodarone is started. Nausea and visual changes are classic signs of digoxin toxicity.
答え
A · Amiodarone has raised the digoxin level
11.薬理学
答え: B · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
これが答えになる理由
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, COX inhibition increases leukotriene production, causing bronchospasm. These patients should avoid aspirin and other non-selective NSAIDs.
答え
B · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
12.薬理学
答え: A · It is long-acting and can cause prolonged, severe hypoglycaemia
これが答えになる理由
Glibenclamide has a long action and active metabolites that accumulate when kidney function declines. Older adults are at high risk of prolonged hypoglycaemia, so shorter-acting agents or other drug classes are preferred.
答え
A · It is long-acting and can cause prolonged, severe hypoglycaemia
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · It can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
これが答えになる理由
Beta-blockers improve survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but they can cause tiredness, low blood pressure, bradycardia and fluid retention when first started. They are therefore started low and increased gradually in stable patients, with monitoring of weight, pulse and BP.
答え
C · It can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
Levothyroxine has a half-life of about a week, so it takes several weeks to reach a new steady state. TSH is usually rechecked about 6–8 weeks after a dose change.
答え
B · After about 6–8 weeks
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · A honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
これが答えになる理由
After diagnosis and correction of high glucose, remaining beta cells may work better for a while, so insulin needs fall. This honeymoon phase is temporary. The doses are reduced, but insulin is not stopped.
答え
C · A honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
これが答えになる理由
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is given before surgery to shrink the tumour, which may make surgery easier or allow less extensive surgery. Adjuvant therapy follows surgery.
答え
B · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · A bile leak
これが答えになる理由
Bile leakage from the cystic duct or a duct injury causes pain, fever and sometimes jaundice, with bile in the drain. It needs urgent surgical review and often ERCP and stenting.
答え: A · Circumcision should wait for specialist review
これが答えになる理由
In hypospadias, the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis. Circumcision is avoided because the foreskin may be used in surgical repair.
答え
A · Circumcision should wait for specialist review
21.小児看護
答え: A · An inhaled foreign body
これが答えになる理由
A sudden cough or choking episode while eating, followed by a one-sided wheeze or reduced breath sounds, strongly suggests foreign body aspiration. It needs urgent assessment and usually removal by bronchoscopy.
答え
A · An inhaled foreign body
22.小児看護
答え: B · Orbital cellulitis, which needs urgent review and IV antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
Painful eye movements, reduced vision or proptosis with eyelid swelling suggest orbital cellulitis, which can spread to the brain. The child needs urgent assessment, imaging if indicated and IV antibiotics.
答え
B · Orbital cellulitis, which needs urgent review and IV antibiotics
23.精神看護
答え: B · Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment and keep staff and patient safe
これが答えになる理由
PCP can cause agitation, violence, psychosis, nystagmus and hypertension. Reducing stimulation and keeping enough staff present for safety are key; "talking down" is less effective than with other hallucinogens.
答え
B · Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment and keep staff and patient safe
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
10·25 = 250 mg
1 回あたり
D = 250/2 = 125 mg
答え
D = 125 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: W = 437.5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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