A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?
AGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
BEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
CEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
DOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?
AAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
BPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
CA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
DContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week
11.薬理学ふつう
Which technique is correct when giving subcutaneous enoxaparin from a prefilled syringe?
AInject into the abdomen away from the navel and do not rub the site afterwards
BExpel the air bubble from the syringe first, then inject into the deltoid muscle
CInject into a vein on the back of the hand
DMassage the site well for one minute after the injection
12.薬理学むずかしい
How does levonorgestrel emergency contraception mainly work?
Seconds after an intramuscular injection, a patient becomes pale, sweaty and faint, with a heart rate of 48/min. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling, and they recover quickly when laid flat. What is the most likely cause?
AAnaphylaxis
BA tension pneumothorax
CA myocardial infarction
DA vasovagal reaction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
右半球の脳卒中の患者が、皿の左側にある食べ物を無視します。これは何と呼ばれますか?
A嚥下障害
B表出性失語
C左半側空間無視
D小脳性運動失調
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?
AA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
BOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone
CAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine
DAn NSAID such as diclofenac
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
上部消化管出血の患者で、尿素がクレアチニンよりずっと大きく上昇することがあるのはなぜですか?
A尿素が出血している胃粘膜で作られるから
Bクレアチニンが嘔吐物とともに体外に失われるから
C消化された血液がタンパク質負荷となり、尿素を上昇させるから
D出血が必ず腎尿細管を直接傷めるから
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient after a laparoscopic fundoplication for reflux. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"Some difficulty swallowing can happen in the early weeks."
B"I'll eat soft, moist food at first and chew it well."
C"Fizzy drinks will help me bring up wind after meals."
D"I should eat smaller meals for a while after the operation."
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Contractions start at 10:00, 10:04 and 10:08, and each lasts 60 seconds. How should the nurse describe them?
AEvery 4 minutes, lasting 60 seconds
BEvery 3 minutes, lasting 60 seconds
CEvery 4 minutes, lasting 240 seconds
DEvery 5 minutes, lasting 60 seconds
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A biophysical profile scores 4 out of 10 at 38 weeks. How should the nurse interpret this?
AIt is equivocal and should be repeated next week
BIt only means the woman needs to drink more water
AVPU stands for Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive. A response only to a painful stimulus is "P", a serious sign that needs urgent review.
答え
D · P
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Look for an unmet need such as toileting, pain, hunger or thirst
これが答えになる理由
Restlessness in dementia often has a cause, such as needing the toilet, pain or being cold. Meeting the need is safer than restraint or sedation, which increase the risk of harm.
答え
B · Look for an unmet need such as toileting, pain, hunger or thirst
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · It can burn through the lining of the esophagus within hours
これが答えになる理由
A button battery lodged in the esophagus can cause severe chemical burns within a few hours, so the child needs emergency assessment and often removal. It should never be treated as harmless.
答え
A · It can burn through the lining of the esophagus within hours
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
これが答えになる理由
Colds are caused by viruses, which antibiotics do not kill. Unneeded antibiotics cause side effects and drive resistance, so the nurse explains this and offers advice on managing symptoms.
答え
B · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Place the end of the tube in a bottle of sterile water
これが答えになる理由
Putting the tube end in sterile water creates a temporary water seal until a new drainage system is connected. Long clamping can cause a tension pneumothorax, and the nurse does not remove the tube.
答え
C · Place the end of the tube in a bottle of sterile water
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Do not palpate the abdomen
これが答えになる理由
Palpating a Wilms tumor can rupture the capsule and spread cancer cells. A sign is often put on the bed to warn staff not to palpate the abdomen.
答え
C · Do not palpate the abdomen
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Nurses check that the infusion is running as planned, the site has no redness or swelling, and the symptoms are controlled. Problems are acted on quickly to avoid distress.
答え
B · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
答え: C · Encourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
これが答えになる理由
Hydration helps the kidneys excrete calcium and prevents stones, and weight-bearing mobility slows calcium loss from bone. Calcium-containing foods and antacids are not encouraged. The nurse also monitors for confusion, constipation and arrhythmias.確認に用いた資料:Hypercalcemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · Encourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Asymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in older adults and usually should not be treated, because treatment brings adverse effects and resistance without benefit. Exceptions include pregnancy and some urological procedures.確認に用いた資料:Asymptomatic Bacteriuria · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
A · Asymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
11.薬理学
答え: A · Inject into the abdomen away from the navel and do not rub the site afterwards
これが答えになる理由
Enoxaparin is given deep subcutaneously, usually in the abdomen at least 5 cm from the umbilicus. The air bubble in the prefilled syringe is not expelled, and rubbing the site increases bruising.
答え
A · Inject into the abdomen away from the navel and do not rub the site afterwards
12.薬理学
答え: A · It delays or prevents ovulation
これが答えになる理由
Levonorgestrel emergency contraception mainly prevents or delays ovulation and does not disrupt an implanted pregnancy. Its effectiveness falls the longer it is delayed after unprotected sex.
Vasovagal reactions cause bradycardia, pallor, sweating and fainting, and resolve quickly when lying flat. Anaphylaxis usually causes tachycardia, airway or breathing problems and often skin changes, and does not settle on its own. If in doubt, treat as anaphylaxis.
NSAIDs are recommended first line for renal colic in suitable patients because they reduce prostaglandin-driven pain and ureteric spasm. Opioids are added if needed. NSAIDs are avoided in kidney impairment.
答え: C · "Fizzy drinks will help me bring up wind after meals."
これが答えになる理由
Fundoplication wraps the stomach around the lower oesophagus, so belching may be hard and gas bloat is common; fizzy drinks make it worse. Soft food, small meals and good chewing help while early swelling settles.
答え
C · "Fizzy drinks will help me bring up wind after meals."
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Every 4 minutes, lasting 60 seconds
これが答えになる理由
Frequency is measured from the start of one contraction to the start of the next (4 minutes), and duration from the start to the end of the same contraction (60 seconds). The 3 minutes between contractions is the resting interval.
答え
A · Every 4 minutes, lasting 60 seconds
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · It is abnormal and needs prompt review
これが答えになる理由
A score of 8 to 10 is normal, 6 is equivocal, and 4 or less is abnormal and suggests fetal hypoxia. At term, a low score usually leads to prompt review and consideration of birth.
答え: A · Avoid showering or changing clothes, and bring any clothing already removed in a paper bag
これが答えになる理由
Not washing, changing or eating where possible helps keep evidence. Paper bags are used because plastic traps moisture and can degrade biological evidence. Her medical needs and choices remain the priority.
答え
A · Avoid showering or changing clothes, and bring any clothing already removed in a paper bag
24.精神看護
答え: A · Pancreatitis
これが答えになる理由
Valproate can cause acute pancreatitis, which can be life-threatening. Severe abdominal pain with vomiting must be reported promptly so the drug can be stopped and the patient assessed.
答え
A · Pancreatitis
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 39.1 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
102.4 − 32 = 70.4
5/9を掛ける
T = 70.4·5/9 = 39.11 ≈ 39.1 °C
答え
T = 39.1 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 8.3 mcg/min
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
24.2/2.2 = 11 kg
投与量
15·11 = 165 mg
体積
V = (165/250)·5 = 3.3 mL
答え
V = 3.3 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 40 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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