A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?
AThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries
BGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes
CGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis
DVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?
AGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse
BLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
CLate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
DLate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?
ALower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
BContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
CGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
DStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
内視鏡検査の前に、上部消化管出血のリスクを評価するために用いるスコアはどれですか?
A褥瘡リスクのウォーターローススコア
Bグラスゴー・ブラッチフォードスコア
CDVTのWellsスコア
Dグラスゴー・コーマ・スケール
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?
AEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
BReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless
CAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools
DGive loperamide and review next week
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
After an amniotomy, why is the time of rupture of the membranes recorded?
AIt predicts exactly when the placenta will deliver
BIt is used to work out the baby's gestational age
CInfection risk rises the longer the membranes are ruptured
DIt is needed to calculate the woman's Bishop score
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn's bilirubin is rising quickly at 30 hours despite phototherapy, and the baby is lethargic with an arched back and high-pitched cry. What does this suggest?
AA normal reaction to phototherapy
BNormal newborn reflexes
CMild breast milk jaundice
DAcute bilirubin encephalopathy
21.小児看護ふつう
How is a child's weight status (for example overweight) assessed?
AWaist size compared with the parents' waist size
BWeight alone, compared with the average weight of children in the same class
CBMI plotted on an age- and sex-specific centile chart
DBMI compared with the adult cut-off points
22.小児看護むずかしい
The 7-year-old brother of a child with cancer has started misbehaving at school. What is the most likely explanation?
AHe is copying behaviour from other children in his class
BHe may feel worried, jealous or left out and needs attention and information
CIt is unrelated to the illness and is normal for his age
DHe has developed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and needs medicine
23.精神看護ふつう
Why is the nurse's body language important in therapeutic communication?
APatients often respond more to non-verbal messages than to the words used
BIt is only important during the termination phase
CPatients with mental illness cannot understand non-verbal signals
DBody language matters only when patients cannot speak the same language
24.精神看護むずかしい
A man with gambling disorder has lost his savings and has large debts. He tells the nurse, "My family would be better off without me." What should the nurse do?
AChange the subject to his gambling triggers and how to avoid the betting shop
BReassure him that his family will forgive him
CAsk directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk
答え: A · The nurse is assessed and kept from patient contact during the incubation period per policy
これが答えになる理由
A non-immune worker exposed to varicella may become infectious before the rash appears, so they are usually excluded from patient contact for the incubation period, and post-exposure vaccination or other measures may be offered.
答え
A · The nurse is assessed and kept from patient contact during the incubation period per policy
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Treat it as an emergency and escalate at once
これが答えになる理由
A non-blanching rash with fever can be a sign of meningococcal septicemia, which can progress within hours. Urgent escalation for antibiotics and supportive care is needed.
答え
B · Treat it as an emergency and escalate at once
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Tell the charge nurse about the gap, accept tasks within competence and ask for support
これが答えになる理由
A nurse should clearly state the limits of their competence and ask for an assignment or support that keeps patients safe. Leaving without handover would be patient abandonment.
答え
C · Tell the charge nurse about the gap, accept tasks within competence and ask for support
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · The weights hang freely and do not rest on the bed or floor
これが答えになる理由
Weights must hang freely so the pull is continuous and in line. Nurses also check the skin, circulation and sensation of the limb.
答え
B · The weights hang freely and do not rest on the bed or floor
In severe pancreatitis, fatty acids released from damaged fat bind calcium (saponification), causing hypocalcemia. Twitching and perioral numbness are signs of low calcium, which can progress to tetany and seizures.確認に用いた資料:Calcium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え: A · It can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability
これが答えになる理由
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is common with short half-life drugs such as paroxetine and venlafaxine. The dose is tapered gradually under supervision.
答え
A · It can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability
答え: D · Vasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
これが答えになる理由
In severe aortic stenosis, cardiac output is fixed by the narrow valve. Vasodilators lower preload and afterload, and the heart cannot compensate, so the blood pressure can fall sharply and cause syncope. They are used with care and close monitoring.
答え
D · Vasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Late doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
これが答えになる理由
People with Parkinson's disease often take doses at exact times. A delay of even 30 minutes or so can cause rigidity, immobility, falls and unsafe swallowing. Many hospitals treat these drugs as time-critical.
答え
C · Late doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
これが答えになる理由
Loss of sympathetic tone causes orthostatic hypotension after high spinal injuries. The patient is reclined, and later raised gradually, often with compression stockings, an abdominal binder and sometimes medicines.
答え
A · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
答え: A · Escalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
これが答えになる理由
Severe diarrhoea on checkpoint inhibitors suggests immune-mediated colitis, which can perforate. It needs urgent assessment, infection testing and often high-dose steroids, not only antidiarrhoeals.
答え
A · Escalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Infection risk rises the longer the membranes are ruptured
これが答えになる理由
Once the membranes are ruptured, organisms can ascend into the uterus, and the risk of intra-amniotic infection rises with time. The nurse records the time with the colour, odour and amount of fluid (COAT) and monitors temperature and fetal heart rate.
答え
C · Infection risk rises the longer the membranes are ruptured
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Acute bilirubin encephalopathy
これが答えになる理由
Lethargy, poor feeding, hypertonia with arching and a high-pitched cry are signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. An urgent exchange transfusion may be needed to prevent permanent kernicterus.
答え
D · Acute bilirubin encephalopathy
21.小児看護
答え: C · BMI plotted on an age- and sex-specific centile chart
これが答えになる理由
In children, BMI is interpreted using age- and sex-specific centile charts, because normal BMI changes with growth. Adult cut-offs such as 25 and 30 do not apply to children.
答え
C · BMI plotted on an age- and sex-specific centile chart
22.小児看護
答え: B · He may feel worried, jealous or left out and needs attention and information
これが答えになる理由
Siblings of seriously ill children often feel neglected, anxious, guilty or jealous and may show this through behaviour changes. Family-centred care includes giving siblings age-appropriate information, involvement and time with parents.
答え
B · He may feel worried, jealous or left out and needs attention and information
23.精神看護
答え: A · Patients often respond more to non-verbal messages than to the words used
これが答えになる理由
Posture, eye contact, facial expression and tone carry much of the message. When words and body language do not match, patients tend to believe the non-verbal message.
答え
A · Patients often respond more to non-verbal messages than to the words used
24.精神看護
答え: C · Ask directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk
これが答えになる理由
Gambling disorder is associated with a raised risk of suicide, especially with debt, shame and hopelessness. The statement is a warning sign that needs direct questions and risk assessment.
答え
C · Ask directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
150/60 = 2.5 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 2.5·60 = 150 gtt/min
答え
R = 150 gtt/min
微量用セット(60 滴/mL)では、滴/分は mL/h に等しくなります。
30.点滴速度
答え: Δ = 17 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 20/min → 0
SpO₂ 96% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 118 mmHg → 0
HR 58/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.2 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
3点のパラメータはありません。
リスク群
低
答え
低
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