A patient at 35 weeks of pregnancy with high blood pressure calls the clinic. Which symptom needs urgent assessment?
ANeeding to pass urine more often
BMild ankle swelling at the end of the day
CBackache after a long walk
DA severe headache with blurred vision
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which finding after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected and needs only reassurance and comfort measures?
AA heart rate of 125/min with a falling blood pressure
BYellow skin with dark urine on the second day
CRight shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
DIncreasing abdominal pain with a temperature of 39 °C
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices the drained fluid has become cloudy and has abdominal pain. What is likely?
APeritonitis
BA urinary tract infection
CNormal dialysis fluid
DConstipation
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has new facial weakness. Which feature suggests a stroke rather than Bell's palsy?
AThe patient has pain behind the ear
BThe forehead can still be wrinkled on the affected side
CThe whole of one side of the face, including the forehead, is weak
DThe patient has had a recent cold
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
カリウムを細胞内に移動させて、血清カリウムを下げる治療はどれですか?
A0.45 % 塩化ナトリウムの静脈内点滴
B10 分かけて静脈内投与するグルコン酸カルシウム
C経口の塩化カリウム補充
Dブドウ糖とともに静脈内投与する速効型(レギュラー)インスリン
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A stable patient's hemoglobin has been 13–14 g/dL for days. Today's result is 8.2 g/dL, but the patient feels well, the vital signs are normal and there is no bleeding. What should the nurse suspect first?
ASudden massive internal bleeding
BA sample taken from the wrong patient
CA normal day-to-day variation in Hb
DAcute bone marrow failure overnight
11.薬理学ふつう
Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?
AIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
BIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
CIt causes immediate kidney failure
DIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
12.薬理学むずかしい
薬 X は最大反応 100%、EC50 1 mg です。薬 Y は最大反応 100%、EC50 10 mg です。正しい記述はどれですか?
AY は X より力価が高く、両者の有効性は同じである
BX は Y より力価が高く、両者の有効性は同じである
CX は Y より有効性が高い
DY は X より有効性が高い
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How is the jugular venous pressure usually assessed?
APatient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
BPatient lying completely flat with the head turned to the right
CPatient standing with the neck flexed forward
DPatient sitting upright with the arms raised above the head
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?
AGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
BRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
CTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
DDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
甲状腺摘出術の後、縫合糸やクリップの除去器具をベッドサイドに置いておくことが多いのはなぜですか?
A頸部血腫が気道を圧迫することがあり、解放が必要になる場合があるから
B頸静脈から採血するために必要だから
Cドレーンが働かなくなったときに調整するために使うから
D手術当日の夜に縫合糸を抜かなければならないから
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on IV gentamicin has a rising creatinine and a high trough level. What should the nurse do?
AEncourage more fluids and give the dose as planned
BHold the next dose and inform the prescriber
CStop measuring the drug levels
DGive the next dose early to clear the infection quickly
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which advice helps a person with diabetes prevent foot ulcers?
ASoak the feet in very hot water every evening
BCheck the feet every day and never walk barefoot
CWear tight shoes to support the ankles
DCut corns off at home with a sharp blade
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
An immobile patient on opioids drinks very little. Which laxative choice is least appropriate?
AA stool softener with a stimulant laxative
BA stimulant laxative taken regularly
CAn osmotic laxative such as a macrogol
DA bulk-forming laxative used on its own
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
卵膜が破れたばかりです。看護師が最初にアセスメントすべきものは何ですか?
A子宮頸部の展退度
B胎児心拍数
C女性の体温
D羊水の色だけ
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
An 18-year-old at 30 weeks has missed several antenatal visits. What is the most helpful nursing approach?
ADischarge her from antenatal care
BExplore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
CTell her she is putting her baby at risk and must attend
DReport her to social services for missing visits
21.小児看護ふつう
A 3-day-old has a red, swollen eyelid with a heavy discharge of pus. What should the nurse do?
AArrange prompt medical review, as infection from the birth canal is possible
BClean the eye with breast milk and review in a week
CApply an over-the-counter steroid eye ointment
DReassure the parents that sticky eyes are always harmless in the first weeks of life
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 3-month-old has large, flat, blue-grey patches over the lower back and buttocks. The parents say they have been there since birth. What is the best action?
AReport them straight away to the safeguarding team as suspected physical abuse
BDocument them with size and location as congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots)
CRequest urgent clotting tests and a full blood count to look for a bleeding disorder
DApply cold packs several times a day to reduce the discoloration
23.精神看護ふつう
Which nursing action at mealtimes is most appropriate for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
ASupervise the meal and observe the patient for an agreed period afterwards
BTalk with the patient at length about calories during the meal
CLet the patient eat alone in her room for privacy
DAllow the patient to choose to skip meals if she says she feels full or unwell
24.精神看護むずかしい
Six weeks after losing his job, a man feels low and worried and is sleeping a little less, but he still enjoys time with his children and does not meet the criteria for major depression. Which diagnosis fits best?
ABipolar II disorder
BAdjustment disorder with depressed mood
CPersistent depressive disorder
DMajor depressive disorder
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 投与が 2:45 AM と記録されています。24時間表記で同じ時刻の記載はどれですか。クリックしてください。
2:45 AM
101:45
202:45
314:45
403:45
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 48 kg の患者に対する指示は 3 mcg/kg/min です。この投与速度 D を mg/h で表してください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
3 mcg/kg/min48 kg
D = mg/h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 13 kg の患者の体表面積は 0.75 m² です。処方は 50 mg/m² です。用量 D を mg で求めなさい。
13 kgBSA = 0.75 m²50 mg/m²
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
体重 8 kg の子どもに、1 mL 中に 40 mg を含む経口懸濁液が一回 15 mg/kg で処方されています。与える量 V はいくらですか?
8 kg15 mg/kg40 mg/1 mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
60 滴/mL の輸液セットで 250 mL を 12 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
250 mL12 h60 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 15 滴/mL のセットで 40 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 750 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
40 gtt/min15 gtt/mL750 mL
t = h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
答え: D · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
これが答えになる理由
Medicines reconciliation compares the patient's own medicines with what is prescribed in hospital, using several sources, so that changes are intended and errors are avoided.
答え
D · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
答え: A · Show them how to use the gown and gloves and how to clean their hands
これが答えになる理由
Visitors are taught how to put on and remove PPE as required by the policy and how to perform hand hygiene, so they protect themselves and other patients.
答え
A · Show them how to use the gown and gloves and how to clean their hands
A severe headache and visual changes can be signs of severe pre-eclampsia and a risk of eclampsia. Mild ankle swelling, backache and frequent urination are common in late pregnancy.
答え
D · A severe headache with blurred vision
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
これが答えになる理由
Gas used to inflate the abdomen irritates the diaphragm and causes referred shoulder pain, which settles in a day or two. Jaundice, fever with worsening pain and signs of shock suggest complications.
答え
C · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Peritonitis
これが答えになる理由
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain or fever suggests peritonitis, the main serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. The fluid is sent for culture and treatment started promptly.
答え
A · Peritonitis
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · The forehead can still be wrinkled on the affected side
これが答えになる理由
In a stroke (upper motor neurone lesion), the forehead is usually spared because it has bilateral cortical supply. Bell's palsy (lower motor neurone) weakens the whole side, including the forehead.
答え
B · The forehead can still be wrinkled on the affected side
A sudden large change with no clinical change suggests a specimen error, such as wrong blood in the tube or dilution with IV fluid. The nurse assesses the patient, informs the provider and arranges a repeat sample with careful identification, while staying alert for true bleeding.
答え
B · A sample taken from the wrong patient
11.薬理学
答え: D · It can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
これが答えになる理由
Promethazine is a vesicant. Deep intramuscular injection is the preferred parenteral route, and if given IV it is diluted, given slowly into a well-running large vein, and stopped at once if the patient reports burning or pain.
答え
D · It can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
答え: A · Patient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
これが答えになる理由
With the patient at 45°, the vertical height of the pulsation in the right internal jugular vein above the sternal angle is estimated. A height above about 3–4 cm suggests raised right-sided pressure, as in right heart failure or fluid overload.
答え
A · Patient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Respect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
これが答えになる理由
Most heparins are derived from porcine intestine. Patients have the right to know and to decline. The nurse informs the prescriber, who can consider synthetic alternatives (such as fondaparinux) or mechanical prophylaxis, and documents the discussion.
答え
B · Respect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
答え: B · Hold the next dose and inform the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Aminoglycosides can cause acute tubular necrosis and ototoxicity, especially with high trough levels. A high trough suggests poor clearance. The dose is held and the prescriber reviews the regimen.
答え
B · Hold the next dose and inform the prescriber
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Check the feet every day and never walk barefoot
これが答えになる理由
Peripheral neuropathy and poor circulation mean injuries can go unnoticed. Daily inspection, well-fitting footwear, checking water temperature and regular podiatry help prevent ulcers.
答え
B · Check the feet every day and never walk barefoot
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · A bulk-forming laxative used on its own
これが答えになる理由
Bulk-forming laxatives need good fluid intake and mobility and can worsen constipation or cause obstruction without them. They do not counter the effect of opioids on gut movement, so stimulant or osmotic laxatives are preferred.
答え: B · Explore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
これが答えになる理由
Teenagers may miss care because of school, transport, fear or stigma. Asking about barriers and offering flexible, non-judgemental services improves attendance and outcomes.
答え
B · Explore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
21.小児看護
答え: A · Arrange prompt medical review, as infection from the birth canal is possible
これが答えになる理由
Neonatal conjunctivitis with heavy pus and swelling may be caused by gonococcus or chlamydia acquired during birth. Gonococcal infection can damage the cornea rapidly, so swabs and prompt treatment are needed, and the parents are tested and treated too.
答え
A · Arrange prompt medical review, as infection from the birth canal is possible
22.小児看護
答え: B · Document them with size and location as congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots)
これが答えになる理由
Congenital dermal melanocytosis is a common benign birthmark, especially in babies with darker skin. Careful documentation from early on helps prevent it later being mistaken for bruising; the marks usually fade during childhood.
答え
B · Document them with size and location as congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots)
23.精神看護
答え: A · Supervise the meal and observe the patient for an agreed period afterwards
これが答えになる理由
Supervised meals and observation afterwards reduce hiding or discarding food, vomiting and excessive exercise. Mealtimes should be calm, with conversation that is not focused on food or weight.
答え
A · Supervise the meal and observe the patient for an agreed period afterwards
24.精神看護
答え: B · Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
これが答えになる理由
Adjustment disorder is a distressing reaction to a stressor that starts within 3 months and does not meet the criteria for another disorder, such as major depression. It usually resolves within 6 months after the stressor or its consequences end.
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 3 mcg/kg/min × 48 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 3·48·60/1000 = 8.64 mg/h
答え
D = 8.64 mg/h
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 37.5 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 50·0.75 = 37.5 mg
答え
D = 37.5 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 3 mL
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
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