A patient with severe neutropenia needs a room. Which roommate is the safest choice?
AA patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
BA patient with an infected, draining leg wound
CA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
DA patient with influenza
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護師が最初に迅速対応チームにエスカレーションすべき患者はどれですか?
A高血圧が知られていて、血圧が 152/94 mmHg だが、気分は良好な患者
B尿路感染症で、新たに錯乱し、呼吸数が 26 回/分、収縮期血圧が 94 mmHg の患者
C蜂窩織炎で、体温が 38.1 °C だが、他のバイタルサインは正常な患者
D膝の手術後で、痛みが 6/10 だが、バイタルサインは正常な患者
7.臨床看護学ふつう
During a vesicant chemotherapy infusion, the patient reports burning and swelling at the cannula site. What should the nurse do first?
AIncrease the rate so that the infusion finishes as quickly as possible
BFlush the cannula hard with saline
CStop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
DApply a warm pack and continue the infusion
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has sudden, severe "tearing" chest pain going through to the back and a large difference in blood pressure between the arms. What should be suspected?
AAortic dissection
BPericarditis
CGastro-oesophageal reflux
DStable angina
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?
AAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
BStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
CSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
DRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will keep my intake of green leafy vegetables about the same"
B"I will have my INR checked as often as I am told to"
C"I will tell my dentist and pharmacist that I take warfarin"
D"If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
11.薬理学ふつう
Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?
ATake it after food with a full glass of water
BTake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
CTake it with alcohol to reduce nausea
DTake double doses in the first week
12.薬理学むずかしい
プロベネシドは血漿ペニシリン濃度を上げるために使われてきました。どのようにしてそうするのですか?
A小腸からのペニシリンの吸収を増やす
B腎臓でのペニシリンの尿細管分泌を遮断する
C肝臓でのペニシリンの代謝を阻害する
Dペニシリンを血漿タンパク質から追い出す
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?
AStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
BDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
CCheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
DGive IV amiodarone as a bolus
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient's blood gas shows pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 9.0 kPa (68 mmHg) and bicarbonate 25 mmol/L. What does this show?
AMetabolic alkalosis
BMetabolic acidosis with compensation
CRespiratory alkalosis
DAcute respiratory acidosis
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?
AA patient with asthma
BA patient with heart failure
CA patient with an allergy to latex
DA patient with hypothyroidism
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with hypopituitarism needs both hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Which is usually started first?
ABoth on the same day, in any order
BHydrocortisone
CNeither, until symptoms appear
DLevothyroxine
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
In the SBAR communication tool, what belongs under "A"?
AThe nurse's assessment of what the problem is
BA list of the patient's allergies only
CThe patient's admission date only
DThe address and phone number of the patient's next of kin
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient about a fentanyl skin patch. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I can cut the patch in half if I need less."
B"I won't put a hot water bottle over the patch."
C"I'll put the new patch on a different area of skin."
D"I'll fold used patches sticky sides together before disposal."
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which measure helps prevent infant abduction from a maternity unit?
ALeaving babies in the nursery overnight
BPosting the baby's name and room on the door
CChecking staff ID before handing over a baby
DLetting any visitor carry the baby in the corridor
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A deceleration lasts 3 minutes before the baseline recovers. How is this classified?
AAn early deceleration
BA prolonged deceleration
CA variable acceleration
DA change of baseline
21.小児看護ふつう
A medicine is prescribed at 10 mg/kg. The child weighs 18 kg and the liquid contains 120 mg in 5 mL. What volume should be given?
A1.5 mL
B15 mL
C7.5 mL
D3.75 mL
22.小児看護むずかしい
A baby born at 27 weeks has grunting, chest retractions and rising oxygen needs. Which treatment directly addresses the cause?
ASurfactant given into the trachea
BIV antibiotics for 7 days
COral glucose gel rubbed into the gums
DPhototherapy
23.精神看護ふつう
What is the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) used for?
ATo screen for and monitor tardive dyskinesia
BTo measure the severity of alcohol withdrawal
CTo rate the severity of depression
DTo assess the risk of a patient becoming violent
24.精神看護むずかしい
A 15-year-old tells the school nurse she has been cutting herself and asks her not to tell her parents. What is the best response?
APhone her parents at once without telling her
BTell her that cutting is a phase that many teenagers go through and it needs no help
CExplain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
DPromise never to tell anyone about it, so that she keeps trusting the school nurse
答え: A · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
これが答えになる理由
A neutropenic patient cannot fight infection well, so the roommate must not have a transmissible infection. A clean postoperative patient is the safest choice; ideally the neutropenic patient has a single room.
答え
A · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · 尿路感染症で、新たに錯乱し、呼吸数が 26 回/分、収縮期血圧が 94 mmHg の患者
答え: C · Stop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
これが答えになる理由
Suspected extravasation of a vesicant needs the infusion stopped immediately. Local protocols then guide aspiration through the cannula, specific treatments, elevation, documentation and specialist review.
答え
C · Stop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Aortic dissection
これが答えになる理由
Aortic dissection classically causes abrupt, tearing pain radiating to the back, with unequal arm pulses or pressures. It is a surgical emergency, and thrombolysis must not be given.
答え
A · Aortic dissection
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Send the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
これが答えになる理由
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain suggests peritonitis, the main serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. A sample is sent for white cell count, Gram stain and culture, and antibiotics (often given in the dialysis fluid) are started as prescribed.確認に用いた資料:Dialysis - peritoneal · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · Send the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
これが答えになる理由
Doubling a missed warfarin dose can raise the INR and cause bleeding; the patient should follow the prescriber's instructions, usually taking the missed dose the same day or skipping it. A steady vitamin K intake, regular INR checks and telling other providers are correct.確認に用いた資料:Warfarin (drug information) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
11.薬理学
答え: A · Take it after food with a full glass of water
これが答えになる理由
Nausea is the most common adverse effect of varenicline and is reduced by taking it after food with water. Patients should also report changes in mood or behaviour.
答え: C · Check the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
これが答えになる理由
Movement, loose electrodes and muscle activity can create artefact that looks like VF. A conscious, talking patient cannot be in VF. The nurse assesses the patient and checks the leads and electrodes, then reattaches them if needed.
答え
C · Check the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Acute respiratory acidosis
これが答えになる理由
A low pH with raised PaCO₂ is respiratory acidosis. A normal bicarbonate (about 22–26 mmol/L) shows the kidneys have not yet compensated, so the problem is acute, as in opioid toxicity, exhaustion or an acute COPD exacerbation. Treatment targets ventilation.
答え
D · Acute respiratory acidosis
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · A patient with heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Pioglitazone can cause fluid retention and oedema, which can worsen heart failure. It is contraindicated in patients with heart failure. Weight gain and an increased fracture risk are other effects.
答え
B · A patient with heart failure
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Hydrocortisone
これが答えになる理由
Starting thyroid replacement first increases metabolism and cortisol clearance and can trigger an adrenal crisis in a patient with low cortisol. Glucocorticoid replacement is started before levothyroxine.
答え
B · Hydrocortisone
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · The nurse's assessment of what the problem is
これが答えになる理由
SBAR is Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation. Under Assessment, the nurse gives the findings and their interpretation, for example "I think the patient may be bleeding".
答え
A · The nurse's assessment of what the problem is
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · "I can cut the patch in half if I need less."
これが答えになる理由
Cutting a fentanyl patch can release the drug unpredictably and cause overdose. Heat increases absorption, used patches still contain drug and must be folded and disposed of safely, and sites are rotated.
答え
A · "I can cut the patch in half if I need less."
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
これが答えになる理由
Matching ID bands, checking staff identification and teaching parents to hand their baby only to identified staff are key. Information about the baby should not be displayed publicly.
答え
C · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · A prolonged deceleration
これが答えになる理由
A prolonged deceleration lasts at least 2 minutes but less than 10. A decrease of 10 minutes or more is a baseline change. The cause, such as hypotension or tachysystole, should be found and corrected.
答え
B · A prolonged deceleration
21.小児看護
答え: C · 7.5 mL
これが答えになる理由
Dose = 10 mg × 18 kg = 180 mg. Volume = 180 ÷ 120 × 5 mL = 7.5 mL. Calculations for children are checked carefully, often by a second nurse.
答え
C · 7.5 mL
22.小児看護
答え: A · Surfactant given into the trachea
これが答えになる理由
Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies is caused by surfactant deficiency. Exogenous surfactant given via the airway, with respiratory support such as CPAP, improves lung compliance. Antibiotics are often started too, because infection can look similar.
答え
A · Surfactant given into the trachea
23.精神看護
答え: A · To screen for and monitor tardive dyskinesia
これが答えになる理由
The AIMS is a structured examination of involuntary movements of the face, limbs and trunk. It is done at baseline and regularly during long-term antipsychotic treatment so tardive dyskinesia is detected early.
答え
A · To screen for and monitor tardive dyskinesia
24.精神看護
答え: C · Explain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
これが答えになる理由
Confidentiality has limits when there is risk of harm. The nurse explains this honestly, assesses risk and works with the young person on how and with whom information is shared, in line with safeguarding policy.
答え
C · Explain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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