During labor, the nurse sees the umbilical cord in the vagina after the membranes rupture. What is the first action?
APush the cord back into the uterus
BAsk the patient to walk around the room to bring the baby lower and speed up labor
CRelieve pressure on the cord by lifting the presenting part with a gloved hand
DWait for the next contraction before acting
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient arrives one hour after the start of stroke symptoms. Which step must happen before a thrombolytic drug can be given?
AA full lipid profile to check cholesterol
BAn echocardiogram to look for clots
CA swallow test with a cup of water
DA brain scan to rule out bleeding
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is having a 12-lead ECG. Where are the chest electrodes placed?
AAnywhere on the chest where the skin is clear
BIn standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
COn both shoulders and both hips only
DIn a straight line down the centre of the sternum from top to bottom
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Which task is most appropriate for a registered nurse to delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?
AMeasuring and recording vital signs on a stable patient
BAssessing a patient who has just reported new chest pain
CGiving a dose of intravenous antibiotic
DTeaching a patient to inject insulin for the first time
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient's levothyroxine dose was changed today. When is the TSH usually rechecked?
AAfter about 6–8 weeks
BAfter about 24 hours
CAfter about 1 year
DAfter about 3 days
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?
AAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
BFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload
CLarge-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
DHigh-dose NSAIDs for the muscle pain
11.薬理学ふつう
Which teaching about antiepileptic drugs is most important?
AAlcohol has no effect on seizure control
BTake a double dose if you feel a seizure coming
CDo not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
DStop the drug when you have had no seizures for one whole week
答え: C · Stop suctioning and give oxygen until the patient recovers
これが答えになる理由
Suction removes oxygen and can stimulate the vagus nerve, causing hypoxia and bradycardia. The nurse stops, oxygenates and lets the patient recover before trying again.
答え
C · Stop suctioning and give oxygen until the patient recovers
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
これが答えになる理由
Home sharps go into a puncture-resistant container, such as an approved sharps container or a rigid plastic bottle if local rules allow, which is closed and disposed of according to local guidance.
答え
B · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
答え: C · Relieve pressure on the cord by lifting the presenting part with a gloved hand
これが答えになる理由
In cord prolapse, the presenting part can compress the cord and cut off fetal oxygen. The nurse lifts the presenting part off the cord, calls for help and positions the patient (for example knee-chest) while urgent birth is arranged.
答え
C · Relieve pressure on the cord by lifting the presenting part with a gloved hand
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · A brain scan to rule out bleeding
これが答えになる理由
Thrombolytics dissolve clots and would worsen a hemorrhagic stroke. A brain CT (or MRI) is needed first to rule out bleeding, and it must be done quickly.
答え
D · A brain scan to rule out bleeding
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · In standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
これが答えになる理由
The six chest leads (V1–V6) have standard anatomical positions, from the 4th intercostal space beside the sternum to the mid-axillary line. Wrong placement can change the ECG and lead to misinterpretation.
答え
B · In standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Measuring and recording vital signs on a stable patient
これが答えになる理由
Routine observations on a stable patient are within the role of a trained assistant, with the nurse remaining accountable and reviewing the results. Assessment of new symptoms, IV medicines and initial teaching need registered nurse skills.
答え
A · Measuring and recording vital signs on a stable patient
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · After about 6–8 weeks
これが答えになる理由
Levothyroxine has a half-life of about a week, so a steady state takes about 6 weeks. The TSH is therefore rechecked about 6–8 weeks after a dose change; checking earlier gives a misleading result.確認に用いた資料:Hypothyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · After about 6–8 weeks
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
これが答えになる理由
Rhabdomyolysis releases myoglobin, which can cause acute kidney injury, and potassium, which can cause arrhythmias. Early aggressive IV fluids, a target urine output and cardiac monitoring are priorities. NSAIDs and potassium would worsen kidney injury and hyperkalemia.確認に用いた資料:Rhabdomyolysis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
11.薬理学
答え: C · Do not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
これが答えになる理由
Abrupt withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs can cause rebound seizures and even status epilepticus. Any change is made gradually under medical supervision.
答え
C · Do not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
答え: C · Use a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
これが答えになる理由
Ipratropium is an antimuscarinic bronchodilator. Mist escaping from a face mask can reach the eyes, dilate the pupil and trigger acute angle-closure glaucoma in susceptible patients. A mouthpiece or eye protection reduces the risk.
答え
C · Use a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · "I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
これが答えになる理由
Patients are advised to keep mobile phones at least about 15 cm from the device and to hold them to the opposite ear. They carry a device card, tell staff before MRI or surgery (diathermy) and attend follow-up checks. Normal household appliances are generally safe.
答え
B · "I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · A beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
これが答えになる理由
Blocking beta receptors alone leaves catecholamines acting on alpha receptors, causing severe vasoconstriction and a hypertensive crisis. Alpha blockade, such as with phenoxybenzamine, comes first, and a beta-blocker may be added later for tachycardia.
答え
D · A beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Urgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
Infection behind an obstruction can quickly cause sepsis and kidney damage. Antibiotics alone will not clear it. The kidney needs urgent decompression, usually with a nephrostomy or ureteric stent.
答え
B · Urgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Damage to the heart muscle
これが答えになる理由
Anthracyclines can cause cumulative, dose-related cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cardiac function is checked before and during treatment, and a lifetime dose limit is applied.
答え
A · Damage to the heart muscle
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Inform the surgical and anaesthetic teams, who will check the INR
これが答えになる理由
Recent warfarin may leave the INR too high for safe surgery or a spinal anaesthetic. The team needs to know at once; they check the INR and decide whether to delay or reverse.
答え
B · Inform the surgical and anaesthetic teams, who will check the INR
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Face-to-face eye contact and talking to the baby
これが答えになる理由
En face positioning, touching, talking in a high-pitched voice and calling the baby by name are positive bonding behaviours. Persistent avoidance needs further assessment and support.
答え
C · Face-to-face eye contact and talking to the baby
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · When blood volume peaks in late pregnancy and in the hours after birth
これが答えになる理由
Cardiac decompensation is most likely when blood volume peaks in the late second and third trimester and right after birth, when blood from the contracted uterus returns to the circulation. These women need close monitoring postpartum.
答え
B · When blood volume peaks in late pregnancy and in the hours after birth
21.小児看護
答え: C · Give glucagon and call emergency services
これが答えになる理由
An unconscious child cannot swallow safely, so glucagon is given by injection or nasal spray, the child is placed in the recovery position and emergency help is called. Once awake and able to swallow, carbohydrate is given.
答え
C · Give glucagon and call emergency services
22.小児看護
答え: A · Drink more and add extra salt, because more salt is lost in sweat
これが答えになる理由
Children with CF lose much more salt in sweat than other children and can become salt-depleted and dehydrated in heat or exercise. Extra fluids and salt are advised; exercise is encouraged because it helps airway clearance.
答え
A · Drink more and add extra salt, because more salt is lost in sweat
23.精神看護
答え: A · Limits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood
これが答えになる理由
Intellectual disability requires limitations in intellectual functions and in adaptive functioning, such as communication, self-care and social skills, starting in childhood. Severity is based mainly on adaptive functioning.
答え
A · Limits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood
24.精神看護
答え: B · Evidence of conduct disorder starting before age 15
これが答えになる理由
Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed in adults aged 18 or older, and there must be evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15.
答え
B · Evidence of conduct disorder starting before age 15
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 188 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
インチでの身長
6·12 + 2 = 74 in
インチからセンチメートルへ
h = 74·2.54 = 188 cm
答え
h = 188 cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 6 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 2 mcg/kg/min × 50 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 2·50·60/1000 = 6 mg/h
答え
D = 6 mg/h
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 10 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
50000/500 = 100 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 1200/100 = 12 mL/h
答え
R = 12 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 75 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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