答え: C · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
これが答えになる理由
A low platelet count raises the risk of bleeding. Bleeding precautions include soft toothbrushes, electric razors, avoiding IM injections and avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs.
答え
C · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Goggles or a face shield worn over the glasses
これが答えになる理由
Prescription glasses do not protect against splashes from the sides, top or bottom. Goggles or a face shield that fit over them are worn when splashes are likely.
答え
B · Goggles or a face shield worn over the glasses
D · 1 L/分の酸素を使用し、SpO₂ 90 %(目標 88~92 %)で、文章で会話できる COPD の患者
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Back blows and chest thrusts
これが答えになる理由
For a choking infant, the nurse gives cycles of five back blows and five chest thrusts. Abdominal thrusts are not used in infants, and blind finger sweeps can push the object deeper.
答え
B · Back blows and chest thrusts
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Peritonitis
これが答えになる理由
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain or fever suggests peritonitis, the main serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. The fluid is sent for culture and treatment started promptly.
答え
D · Peritonitis
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Droplet precautions until 24 hours of effective antibiotics have been given
これが答えになる理由
Neisseria meningitidis spreads through droplets and close contact. Droplet precautions are used until 24 hours of effective antibiotics, and public health arranges prophylaxis for close contacts.
答え
A · Droplet precautions until 24 hours of effective antibiotics have been given
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Keep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
これが答えになる理由
During illness, stress hormones raise glucose, so insulin is continued even when eating less. Glucose and ketones are checked often, fluids are taken, and the provider is contacted if ketones are moderate or high or vomiting prevents fluids.確認に用いた資料:Diabetes - when you are sick · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Keep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
In sepsis, falling platelets (coagulation), a rising creatinine (kidney) and a raised bilirubin (liver) show organ dysfunction, which indicates severe disease. The other sets are normal or near normal.確認に用いた資料:Bacterial Sepsis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023); Laboratory Evaluation of Sepsis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
D · Platelets 70 × 10³/µL, creatinine doubled, bilirubin raised
11.薬理学
答え: C · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
これが答えになる理由
Niacin causes prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation and flushing. Aspirin beforehand, taking it with food and avoiding hot drinks and alcohol reduce this effect.
答え
C · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
12.薬理学
答え: B · Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
これが答えになる理由
NSAIDs and aspirin impair platelet function and can cause GI bleeding, which adds to warfarin's bleeding risk. Paracetamol is usually preferred, though regular high doses can raise the INR.
答え
B · Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Severe hypotension
これが答えになる理由
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil enhance the vasodilator effect of nitrates and can cause profound, life-threatening hypotension. The combination is contraindicated, and patients should tell emergency staff if they have taken one.
答え
D · Severe hypotension
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Report it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
これが答えになる理由
Contact tracing includes staff exposed without respiratory protection. Occupational health assesses the risk, checks for symptoms and arranges testing (for example IGRA) at suitable intervals. Treatment is offered for latent infection if found. Exposed people do not usually need to stop work unless they become unwell.
答え
D · Report it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
答え: A · Spinal shock is lost reflexes; neurogenic shock is low BP and slow pulse
これが答えになる理由
Spinal shock is the temporary loss of reflexes and tone below the injury. Neurogenic shock is hypotension and bradycardia caused by loss of sympathetic tone, usually with injuries at T6 or above. The two can occur together.
答え
A · Spinal shock is lost reflexes; neurogenic shock is low BP and slow pulse
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Tell the surgeon, as the patient may not be able to consent now
これが答えになる理由
Opioids and sedatives can impair understanding, so consent may not be valid. The surgeon is informed; consent is obtained when the patient has capacity, or other legal processes are followed in an emergency.
答え
C · Tell the surgeon, as the patient may not be able to consent now
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Report it, as the regular background dose may need review
これが答えになる理由
Regular need for breakthrough doses usually means the background analgesia is inadequate. The prescriber reviews and may adjust the regular dose, while side effects such as sedation are monitored.
答え
D · Report it, as the regular background dose may need review
答え: D · "I can use tampons for the bleeding as soon as I get home."
これが答えになる理由
Tampons are avoided until lochia has stopped and the postnatal check is done, because they increase the risk of infection. The other statements are correct.
答え
D · "I can use tampons for the bleeding as soon as I get home."
答え: A · Protect the airway and keep him safe from injury
これが答えになる理由
During a seizure, the nurse protects the airway, removes nearby hazards, does not restrain or put anything in the mouth, and calls for help. Alcohol withdrawal seizures are most likely in the first 48 hours.
答え
A · Protect the airway and keep him safe from injury
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 97.5 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
36.4·9/5 = 65.52
32を足す
T = 65.52 + 32 = 97.52 ≈ 97.5 °F
答え
T = 97.5 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: c = 12.7 mmol/L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
c = 229/18 = 12.72 ≈ 12.7 mmol/L
答え
c = 12.7 mmol/L
27.投与量の計算
答え: m = 100 mg
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 12/min → 0
SpO₂ 97% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 130 mmHg → 0
HR 140/min → 3
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 38.8 °C → 1
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 3 + 0 + 1 = 4
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
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