NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and cause ulcers and bleeding. They are taken with food, avoided in some patients and may also affect the kidneys.
答え: D · It is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
これが答えになる理由
Electrical items from home can be faulty and cause shocks or fires. Policies usually require them to be inspected before use, and extension cords near patients are avoided.
答え
D · It is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Draw the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic without delay
これが答えになる理由
Cultures are drawn before the first antibiotic dose so the organism can still be grown and identified. The antibiotic is then given promptly, because delay increases the risk of death in sepsis.
答え
A · Draw the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic without delay
The main risk of anticoagulants is bleeding, so the patient must know the signs, such as black stools or blood in the urine, and when to seek help. Other topics can follow later.
答え
A · Signs of bleeding and when to seek help
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Fluid balance, regular weights and urea, creatinine and electrolytes
これが答えになる理由
IV fluids can cause overload or electrolyte imbalance. Fluid balance charts, weight, clinical assessment and blood tests guide the prescription.
答え
B · Fluid balance, regular weights and urea, creatinine and electrolytes
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Loss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
これが答えになる理由
Circumferential full-thickness burns form a tight eschar that acts like a tourniquet as oedema develops. Neurovascular checks are needed, and escharotomy may be required.
答え
A · Loss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
答え: A · "I'll take my iron tablet with a big glass of milk"
これが答えになる理由
Calcium in milk, as well as antacids and tea, reduces iron absorption, so iron should not be taken with them. Vitamin C improves absorption, dark stools are expected, and iron overdose is a serious poisoning risk in young children.確認に用いた資料:Iron deficiency anemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Iron in diet - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · "I'll take my iron tablet with a big glass of milk"
答え: B · Severe hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and dehydration
これが答えになる理由
Combining a loop and a thiazide diuretic gives a strong synergistic diuresis. This can cause marked electrolyte loss and volume depletion, so weight, electrolytes and kidney function are monitored closely.
答え
B · Severe hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and dehydration
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · A tall, thin young man who smokes
これが答えになる理由
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax usually occurs in tall, thin young men, often smokers, when small apical blebs rupture. Secondary pneumothorax occurs in people with lung disease such as COPD and tends to be more serious.
答え
D · A tall, thin young man who smokes
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Unstable angina
これが答えになる理由
Unstable angina is new, worsening or rest angina without a troponin rise. It is an acute coronary syndrome and is managed urgently because it can progress to infarction. Stable angina is predictable and exertional. NSTEMI has a rising troponin.
答え: C · The baby has a higher risk of early sepsis
これが答えになる理由
Maternal fever, prolonged rupture of membranes and intra-amniotic infection are risk factors for early-onset sepsis. Many protocols require observation of vital signs and feeding, and sometimes blood tests or antibiotics.
答え: D · Never leave her alone on a changing table, bed or sofa
これが答えになる理由
Rolling makes falls from raised surfaces the main immediate risk, so a hand should always stay on the baby on any raised surface. Cupboard locks and kitchen safety become important as she starts to crawl and pull to stand.
答え
D · Never leave her alone on a changing table, bed or sofa
23.精神看護
答え: A · It can cause sudden withdrawal and seizures
これが答えになる理由
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. In dependent patients, or in mixed overdoses with drugs that lower the seizure threshold, it can trigger acute withdrawal and seizures.
答え
A · It can cause sudden withdrawal and seizures
24.精神看護
答え: D · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
これが答えになる理由
Signs of financial abuse and neglect require a private conversation, careful documentation and reporting through safeguarding procedures. Confrontation could increase the risk to her.
答え
D · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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