Where is the zero point of an external ventricular drain usually levelled?
AAt the mid-axillary line of the chest
BAt the level of the umbilicus
CAt the top of the head
DAt the tragus of the ear
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?
AEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
BSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
CGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
DRecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What is anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy?
ANausea triggered by reminders of treatment before it is given
BNausea caused only by the smell of food
CNausea that starts about a week after each cycle and lasts for days
DNausea caused by low blood glucose
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Using the adult rule of nines, what is the total burn area of the whole right arm plus the whole front of the trunk (both with partial-thickness burns)?
A27%
B36%
C45%
D18%
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A pregnant woman takes warfarin for a mechanical heart valve. Why is she usually switched to heparin for much of the pregnancy?
AWarfarin crosses the placenta and can harm the fetus
BHeparin crosses the placenta better and also protects the fetus
CWarfarin is ineffective in pregnancy
DHeparin can be taken as a tablet once a day
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with gestational diabetes asks if she will have diabetes after the baby is born. Which reply is accurate?
AIt usually resolves, but her risk of type 2 diabetes stays higher
BIt will continue unless she stops breastfeeding
CIt never returns, so no further glucose testing is needed after birth
DIt always becomes type 1 diabetes after birth
21.小児看護ふつう
A child with a known peanut allergy is starting school. What is the most important step?
AA written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
BAsking the child to tell the teachers if she feels unwell
CAllowing the child to eat only foods brought by classmates
DKeeping the auto-injector at home, so that it cannot be lost or misused by other children
22.小児看護むずかしい
Several family members, including the children, have had headaches, nausea and drowsiness all winter. They feel better when away from home. What should the nurse suspect?
Intramuscular injections are given at 90 degrees so the needle passes through the skin and fat into the muscle. Intradermal injections use about 10–15 degrees.
答え: A · At the bedside, in front of the patient, right after collection
これが答えになる理由
Labeling tubes at the bedside, using two patient identifiers and in the patient’s presence, prevents wrong-patient specimens. Pre-labeled or later-labeled tubes are easily mixed up.
答え
A · At the bedside, in front of the patient, right after collection
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
これが答えになる理由
FMEA is a proactive method that looks at each step of a process, asks how it could fail and what the effect would be, and changes the process in advance. Root cause analysis is used after an event has happened.
答え
A · Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “I will swallow the tablet with a glass of water.”
これが答えになる理由
Sublingual tablets dissolve under the tongue and are absorbed quickly there. Sitting down reduces falls from low blood pressure, the tablets are protected from light and moisture, and headache is a common side effect.
答え
C · “I will swallow the tablet with a glass of water.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · 尿路感染症で、新たに錯乱し、呼吸数が 26 回/分、収縮期血圧が 94 mmHg の患者
答え: C · Increased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
これが答えになる理由
Effective diuresis increases urine output and reduces congestion, so breathing improves and weight falls. Electrolytes, renal function and blood pressure are also monitored.
答え
C · Increased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · A patient who has just become breathless after starting an IV antibiotic
これが答えになる理由
Breathlessness soon after a new IV antibiotic suggests possible anaphylaxis, an airway and breathing emergency. The infusion should be stopped and the patient assessed immediately.
答え
D · A patient who has just become breathless after starting an IV antibiotic
答え: A · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
これが答えになる理由
Rectal temperatures, suppositories and enemas are avoided in neutropenia, because injury to the rectal mucosa can let bacteria into the blood. Prompt reporting of fever, hand hygiene and avoiding sick contacts are correct.
答え
A · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
11.薬理学
答え: D · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
これが答えになる理由
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, COX inhibition increases leukotriene production, causing bronchospasm. These patients should avoid aspirin and other non-selective NSAIDs.
答え
D · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
12.薬理学
答え: B · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
これが答えになる理由
Thionamides can cause agranulocytosis, which leaves the patient unable to fight infection. Sore throat, fever or mouth ulcers need an urgent full blood count, and the drug is stopped while waiting.
答え
B · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Quickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
これが答えになる理由
Dry powder inhalers have no propellant, so a fast, deep inhalation is needed to disperse the powder. The patient breathes out away from the device first, because moist breath can clump the powder. Very weak or breathless patients may not manage this.
答え
A · Quickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
The EVD is levelled at the tragus, which approximates the foramen of Monro. If the head of the bed is changed, the drain must be re-levelled, because its height decides how much CSF drains.
答え
D · At the tragus of the ear
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Suspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
これが答えになる理由
These signs suggest aspiration pneumonia, which is a common and serious complication of dysphagia. The patient needs medical review, chest assessment, oxygen if needed, and reassessment of their swallow before eating again.
答え
B · Suspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Nausea triggered by reminders of treatment before it is given
これが答えになる理由
Anticipatory nausea is a conditioned response after previous poorly controlled nausea, triggered by sights or smells linked to treatment. Good antiemetic control from the first cycle helps prevent it; relaxation techniques and anxiolytics may help.
答え
A · Nausea triggered by reminders of treatment before it is given
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · 27%
これが答えになる理由
The whole arm is 9% and the front of the trunk 18%, giving 27% total body surface area. Superficial (redness only) areas would not be counted.
答え
A · 27%
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Warfarin crosses the placenta and can harm the fetus
これが答えになる理由
Warfarin crosses the placenta and is teratogenic and can cause fetal bleeding. Heparins are large molecules that do not cross the placenta, so low molecular weight heparin is commonly used instead.
答え
A · Warfarin crosses the placenta and can harm the fetus
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · It usually resolves, but her risk of type 2 diabetes stays higher
これが答えになる理由
Gestational diabetes usually resolves after birth, but the risk of later type 2 diabetes is much higher. She should have a glucose test after birth and regular screening, and keep up a healthy weight and activity.
答え
A · It usually resolves, but her risk of type 2 diabetes stays higher
21.小児看護
答え: A · A written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
これが答えになる理由
Schools need an individual action plan describing symptoms and steps, staff trained to recognise anaphylaxis and give adrenaline, and auto-injectors that are always quickly available. Avoiding the allergen and not sharing food also help.
答え
A · A written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
22.小児看護
答え: B · Carbon monoxide poisoning
これが答えになる理由
Carbon monoxide from faulty heaters or boilers causes headache, nausea, dizziness and drowsiness that improve away from the source. Pulse oximetry can look falsely normal. Treatment is removal from the source and high-flow oxygen; the appliance must be checked.
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
92.4/2.2 = 42 kg
投与量
1·42 = 42 mg
体積
V = (42/200)·5 = 1.05 ≈ 1.1 mL
答え
V = 1.1 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 600 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
50·60/15 = 200 mL/h
体積
V = 200·3 = 600 mL
答え
V = 600 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: R = 22.5 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。