How should a nurse help a patient with severe visual impairment on admission?
AIntroduce themselves, describe the room and keep items in place
BMove the patient's belongings around to keep the area tidy
CGuide the patient by pushing them gently from behind as they walk
DSpeak more loudly than usual
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
糖尿病の患者が反応のない状態で見つかり、血糖が非常に低く、飲み込むことができません。正しい対応は?
A患者のいつものインスリンを投与する
B患者が目覚めるのを待ってから食事を与える
C甘いジュースを患者の口に注ぎ込む
D助けを呼び、プロトコルに従ってブドウ糖の静注やグルカゴンの筋注など、別の経路でブドウ糖を与える
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse gives part of a dose of an opioid from a vial and must discard the rest. What is correct?
AReturn the rest to the patient’s medication drawer
BKeep the rest for the patient’s next dose
CDiscard it alone in the sink and document the amount wasted later in the shift
DDiscard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse notices that the pharmacy has sent the wrong dose and corrects it before giving it. Should the event be reported?
AYes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
BOnly if the same error happens three times
CNo, because the patient was not harmed
DNo, because reporting near misses only blames the pharmacy staff for nothing
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Several patients on a gastroenterology unit need care. Which patient should the nurse see first?
ATwo hours after a colonoscopy: rigid abdomen and severe new pain
BLong-standing back pain, asking for the usual analgesic
CUlcerative colitis, asking about diet changes for home
DCrohn disease, waiting to be taken down for a scheduled CT scan
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient on a cardiac monitor suddenly becomes unresponsive, and the monitor shows ventricular fibrillation. What is the priority once help has been called?
ADefibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
BGive an oral antiarrhythmic tablet and recheck the rhythm in five minutes
CCheck the blood potassium level before any shock is considered
DRecord a full 12-lead ECG to confirm the rhythm before doing anything else at all
7.臨床看護学ふつう
During a vesicant chemotherapy infusion, the patient reports burning and swelling at the cannula site. What should the nurse do first?
AStop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
BApply a warm pack and continue the infusion
CFlush the cannula hard with saline
DIncrease the rate so that the infusion finishes as quickly as possible
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
An older patient's blood pressure is 142/80 mmHg lying and 116/72 mmHg after standing for three minutes, and they feel dizzy. What does this show?
AWhite coat hypertension
BPostural hypotension
CHypertensive emergency
DNormal blood pressure variation
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?
AThe left arm
BEither arm equally
CThe right hand
DThe right arm
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Which set of results most strongly suggests hemolytic anemia?
ALow hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
BLow hemoglobin, high MCV, low vitamin B12, normal bilirubin
CLow hemoglobin, low platelets, low white cells, low reticulocytes
A man takes finasteride. What should be explained about handling the tablets?
AThe tablets must be crushed before swallowing
BThe tablets must be stored in the fridge
CPregnant women should not handle crushed or broken tablets
DAnyone can handle the tablets, as they contain no active drug
12.薬理学むずかしい
ACE 阻害薬と併用すると、命に関わる高カリウム血症を起こしうる薬のグループは?
Aチアジド系利尿薬
Bスピロノラクトンなどのカリウム保持性利尿薬
Cプロトンポンプ阻害薬
D高用量の静注フロセミドなどのループ利尿薬
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?
AThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
BThe first sample is always contaminated
CTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
DTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A fit 24-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 46/min on admission for minor surgery. He has no dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness, and his BP is 118/70 mmHg. What is the appropriate response?
AGive IV atropine straight away to bring the rate above 60/min
BCancel the surgery and arrange a permanent pacemaker urgently
CDocument and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
DStart chest compressions
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
CKDの患者がしばしば食事とともにリン吸着薬を服用するのはなぜですか?
A欠乏しているホルモンのエリスロポエチンを補うから
B腸内でカリウムを結合して、血中カリウムを下げるから
C腸での食事中のリンの吸収を増やすから
D腎臓が排泄できない食事中のリンを結合するから
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with a known ureteric stone develops a fever of 39 °C (102.2 °F) and rigors. Scanning shows a blocked, swollen kidney. What is needed?
AOral antibiotics and waiting for the stone to pass
BUrgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
CA fluid restriction to reduce the swelling
DStrong pain relief alone, then discharge
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
PCAポンプのロックアウト時間の目的は何ですか?
A前回の投与が効く前に、新たな投与を止めること
B夜間に患者が投与を受けられないようにすること
C大量の投与の間に、患者を1日待たせること
Dシリンジを交換できないようにポンプをロックすること
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient after a colonoscopy with polyp removal. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll report heavy bleeding from my bottom."
B"Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
C"I should report a fever or a swollen, painful abdomen."
答え: A · Introduce themselves, describe the room and keep items in place
これが答えになる理由
Saying who you are, explaining the layout and keeping items in familiar places help orientation and safety. When guiding, let the patient hold your arm.
答え
A · Introduce themselves, describe the room and keep items in place
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · 助けを呼び、プロトコルに従ってブドウ糖の静注やグルカゴンの筋注など、別の経路でブドウ糖を与える
D · 助けを呼び、プロトコルに従ってブドウ糖の静注やグルカゴンの筋注など、別の経路でブドウ糖を与える
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Discard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
これが答えになる理由
Wasting controlled substances requires a witness, usually another licensed nurse, and both document the waste. This prevents and detects drug diversion.
答え
D · Discard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Yes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
これが答えになる理由
Near misses show where errors can slip through and are reported in the same way as errors that reach the patient. Learning from them prevents future harm.
答え
A · Yes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Two hours after a colonoscopy: rigid abdomen and severe new pain
これが答えになる理由
A rigid abdomen with severe pain after colonoscopy suggests bowel perforation and peritonitis, a surgical emergency. The other patients have stable, chronic or routine needs.
答え
A · Two hours after a colonoscopy: rigid abdomen and severe new pain
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Defibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
これが答えになる理由
Ventricular fibrillation is a shockable cardiac arrest rhythm. Early defibrillation, with high-quality CPR until the shock is given, is the most important treatment.
答え
A · Defibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Stop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
これが答えになる理由
Suspected extravasation of a vesicant needs the infusion stopped immediately. Local protocols then guide aspiration through the cannula, specific treatments, elevation, documentation and specialist review.
答え
A · Stop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Postural hypotension
これが答えになる理由
A fall in systolic pressure of 20 mmHg or more (here 26 mmHg) on standing, especially with symptoms, indicates postural hypotension. Causes include medicines, dehydration and autonomic problems.
答え
B · Postural hypotension
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · The left arm
これが答えになる理由
After axillary node removal, venipuncture and blood pressure readings are usually avoided on that side to reduce the risk of lymphedema and infection. The opposite arm is used whenever possible, according to policy.
答え
A · The left arm
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
これが答えになる理由
When red cells break down early, hemoglobin is turned into unconjugated bilirubin and LDH is released, while the marrow increases reticulocytes. Option B fits iron deficiency, C fits B12 deficiency and D fits marrow failure.確認に用いた資料:Hemolytic anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Reticulocyte Count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Bilirubin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
11.薬理学
答え: C · Pregnant women should not handle crushed or broken tablets
これが答えになる理由
Finasteride can be absorbed through the skin and may affect genital development of a male fetus. Women who are or may become pregnant should avoid contact with crushed or broken tablets.
答え
C · Pregnant women should not handle crushed or broken tablets
答え: C · Troponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
これが答えになる理由
Troponin starts to rise within hours of myocardial injury, so a very early result can be normal. Protocols use serial measurements at set intervals, with the ECG and clinical picture, to diagnose or exclude MI. A rising pattern supports acute injury.
答え
C · Troponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Document and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
これが答えになる理由
Endurance training increases vagal tone and stroke volume, so resting rates in the 40s can be normal. Without symptoms or haemodynamic compromise, no treatment is needed, though it is recorded and the team informed. Symptomatic bradycardia is treated.
答え
C · Document and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
答え: B · Urgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
Infection behind an obstruction can quickly cause sepsis and kidney damage. Antibiotics alone will not clear it. The kidney needs urgent decompression, usually with a nephrostomy or ureteric stent.
答え
B · Urgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
答え: B · "Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
これが答えになる理由
Mild bloating and cramps from the air used are expected. Severe or worsening pain, fever, a distended abdomen or heavy rectal bleeding can mean perforation or haemorrhage and must be reported straight away.
答え
B · "Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
答え: C · Assess the fetal heart rate and check the fluid, and avoid a digital examination
これが答えになる理由
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes is suspected. The nurse assesses the fetal heart rate and the fluid's colour, amount and odour, and avoids digital examinations, which raise the risk of infection.
答え
C · Assess the fetal heart rate and check the fluid, and avoid a digital examination
答え: D · "I can't give you my number, because our relationship is a professional one. Let's talk about support you can contact after discharge."
これが答えになる理由
Personal contact outside the therapeutic relationship crosses a professional boundary. The nurse explains the boundary kindly and redirects to appropriate after-discharge support.
答え
D · "I can't give you my number, because our relationship is a professional one. Let's talk about support you can contact after discharge."
24.精神看護
答え: B · Stay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
これが答えになる理由
A voluntary patient who shows immediate serious risk may need urgent assessment under mental health legislation, which often includes short-term holding powers for nurses. The nurse acts quickly to keep him safe.
答え
B · Stay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 4.15 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
2 oz/16 = 0.125 lb
9 + 0.125 = 9.125 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 9.125/2.2 = 4.148 ≈ 4.15 kg
答え
m = 4.15 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 192.5 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL
¾ カップ = 0.75·240 = 180 mL
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
足す
V = 7.5 + 180 + 5 = 192.5 mL
答え
V = 192.5 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 168.8 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
15·45 = 675 mg
1 回あたり
D = 675/4 = 168.8 mg
答え
D = 168.8 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: D = 147.3 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 12/min → 0
SpO₂ 86% → 3
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 92 mmHg → 2
HR 82/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.6 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 3 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 5
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
中
答え
中
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
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