The laboratory calls with a critical lab result by phone. What should the nurse do?
AWait for the printed report to arrive before telling the provider about it
BWrite it down, read it back to confirm and report it to the provider promptly
CTell the patient the result first and then call the provider
DRemember the value and enter it in the chart at the end of the shift
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient with a common cold asks for antibiotics “to be on the safe side”. Which response is best?
ASuggest using leftover antibiotics from a previous illness
BAsk the provider to prescribe antibiotics anyway so that the patient is reassured
CExplain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
DTell the patient that antibiotics will shorten the cold by several days
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient has taken prednisone (prednisolone in many countries) for several months. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will tell my dentist and other doctors that I take a steroid.”
B“I will report signs of infection early.”
C“I will take the tablets with food.”
D“I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient in hypovolemic shock is receiving IV fluids. Which finding best shows that the treatment is working?
AUrine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
BNew crackles at both lung bases
CCooler, paler skin on the arms and legs
DA heart rate that keeps rising after each bag of fluid
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Why is continuous bladder irrigation used after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?
ATo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
BTo give antibiotics directly into the kidneys
CTo measure the patient's kidney function
DTo stretch the bladder back to its normal size
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
3 日間吐き気と嘔吐が続き、フロセミドを服用している患者です。最も考えられる電解質異常は?
A高カリウム血症
B低カリウム血症
C高カルシウム血症
D高ナトリウム血症だけ
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?
AGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
BGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
COrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
DA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?
AVitamin B12 deficiency
BIron deficiency
CAcute blood loss
DThalassemia trait
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?
ATake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
BTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
CTake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
DDouble the dose to build tolerance faster
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is the TPMT enzyme often tested before azathioprine is started?
ALow TPMT activity causes toxic levels and marrow suppression
BTPMT is needed to absorb azathioprine from the gut
CTPMT testing shows whether the patient has tuberculosis
DHigh TPMT activity causes an allergic reaction to azathioprine
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
患者が咳をしていないときでも、胸腔ドレーンの水封室で泡立ちが続いています。これは何を示唆しますか?
A肺またはドレナージシステムからの空気漏れ
B肺が完全に再膨張し、ドレーンを抜去する準備ができている
C吸引源の電源が切られている
Dチューブ内の血栓でドレーンが閉塞している
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A 28-year-old woman taking the combined pill comes in breathless and anxious. RR is 30/min, heart rate 118/min and SpO₂ 90% on air. A colleague says it is a panic attack. What should the nurse conclude?
AShe should be sent home after a sedative
BBreathing into a paper bag is the best first treatment for her
CLow oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded
DThe saturation is normal for an anxious person who is breathing fast
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?
ADouble the dose if a seizure happens
BTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption
CExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
DReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?
AEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
BTreat the confusion with a sedative
CStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
DGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which lung problem is a known toxicity of bleomycin?
APneumothorax from coughing
BLung cancer within weeks
CAsthma from pollen
DPulmonary fibrosis
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with a PICC line develops swelling and aching of the same arm and prominent veins on the chest. What should the nurse suspect?
AAn allergy to the dressing
BNormal swelling after line insertion
CLymphoedema from a previous operation
DA catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI asks how much weight she should gain. Which range do the widely used US Institute of Medicine guidelines recommend?
AAbout 2 to 4 kg
BAbout 11.5 to 16 kg
CAbout 5 to 9 kg
DAbout 18 to 23 kg
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Why does the ductus arteriosus normally close after birth?
ARising oxygen levels and falling prostaglandins
BPressure in the pulmonary artery rises
CRising prostaglandins and falling oxygen levels
DThe cord is cut, which closes it directly
21.小児看護ふつう
What is the main purpose of medical play with a doll and real equipment before surgery?
ATo let the child express fears and gain a sense of control
BTo teach the child how the surgeons will do the operation
CTo test the child's intelligence
DTo keep the child busy so the nurse can do other work
22.小児看護むずかしい
A toddler weighed 10 kg before 2 days of diarrhoea and now weighs 9.5 kg. How much has he lost?
A50 g, about 0.5% of his body weight
B500 g, about 5% of his body weight, mostly fluid
C500 g, about 50% of his body weight
D1 kg, about 10% of his body weight
23.精神看護ふつう
A 4-year-old asks when her grandmother, who died last week, will come back. How should the nurse explain this to the parents?
AThe child does not care about her grandmother and has not been affected by the death
BThe child is in denial and needs psychiatric treatment
CThe child should not be told anything about the death until she is older
DYoung children often do not yet see death as permanent, so simple, honest words help
24.精神看護むずかしい
A woman with PTSD after a sexual assault by a man becomes distressed when a male nurse is assigned to her. What is the most appropriate response?
AInsist that she accept the male nurse, as all staff are professional
BAssign a female nurse where possible and explain her care plan to her
CTell her that she must learn to face her fears
DLeave her without a named nurse until she calms down
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重の換算結果は 78.9055 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
78.9055 kg
x = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 95 kg の患者に対する指示は 0.5 mcg/kg/min です。この投与速度 D を mg/h で表してください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
0.5 mcg/kg/min95 kg
D = mg/h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 45 kg で、1 回量として 7.5 mg/kg が指示されています。投与量 D を mg で求めなさい。
45 kg7.5 mg/kg
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
体重 16 kg の子どもに、5 mL 中に 100 mg を含む経口懸濁液が一回 15 mg/kg で処方されています。与える量 V はいくらですか?
16 kg15 mg/kg100 mg/5 mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
15 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1500 mL を 10 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
1500 mL10 h15 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 50 mL 中に薬を 200 mg 含み、8 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
200 mg/50 mL8 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 47 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
47 kg12 h尿: 350 mL尿: 275 mL尿: 350 mL
U = mL/kg/h
32.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 500 mL のバッグをポンプで 120 mL/h で投与しています。12:30 の時点で 300 mL がすでに投与されています。バッグが空になるまであと何時間 t ですか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
答え: B · Pass the first part into the toilet, then catch the middle part in the pot
これが答えになる理由
After cleaning, the first stream flushes bacteria from the urethra, so the midstream part is collected in a sterile container. This reduces contamination.
答え
B · Pass the first part into the toilet, then catch the middle part in the pot
答え: B · Write it down, read it back to confirm and report it to the provider promptly
これが答えになる理由
Writing down and reading back critical results confirms they were heard correctly. The nurse then reports them promptly to the responsible provider and documents who was told and when.
答え
B · Write it down, read it back to confirm and report it to the provider promptly
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
これが答えになる理由
Colds are caused by viruses, which antibiotics do not kill. Unneeded antibiotics cause side effects and drive resistance, so the nurse explains this and offers advice on managing symptoms.
答え
C · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · “I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
これが答えになる理由
Stopping long-term corticosteroids suddenly can cause adrenal crisis, so they are tapered as prescribed. Taking them with food, telling other prescribers and reporting infection are correct.
答え
D · “I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Urine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
これが答えになる理由
Improving urine output, mental state and heart rate show better tissue perfusion. A rising heart rate and cool skin suggest ongoing shock, and new crackles may mean fluid overload.
答え
A · Urine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
これが答えになる理由
Irrigation dilutes blood and flushes out clots so the catheter does not block. Output must be measured carefully and urine output calculated by subtracting the irrigation volume.
答え
A · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
答え: A · Glucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
これが答えになる理由
A patient who cannot swallow safely must not receive anything by mouth because of the risk of aspiration. Glucagon (injected or intranasal) or IV dextrose raises the glucose; once awake and able to swallow, the patient is given oral carbohydrate and a snack.確認に用いた資料:Hypoglycemia · MedlinePlus (NIH); Low blood sugar · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Glucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Thalassemia trait
これが答えになる理由
Thalassemia trait causes microcytosis from reduced globin production, often with a normal or high red cell count and normal ferritin. Iron deficiency has low ferritin. Iron supplements do not help thalassemia trait and can cause iron overload.確認に用いた資料:Thalassemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Red Blood Cell (RBC) Indices · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
D · Thalassemia trait
11.薬理学
答え: B · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
これが答えになる理由
Niacin causes prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation and flushing. Aspirin beforehand, taking it with food and avoiding hot drinks and alcohol reduce this effect.
答え
B · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
12.薬理学
答え: A · Low TPMT activity causes toxic levels and marrow suppression
これが答えになる理由
Thiopurine methyltransferase helps inactivate azathioprine and mercaptopurine. People with low or absent TPMT activity need much lower doses or another drug to avoid life-threatening myelosuppression.
答え
A · Low TPMT activity causes toxic levels and marrow suppression
答え: C · Low oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded
これが答えになる理由
Panic-related hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis but normal oxygen saturation. Hypoxaemia with tachycardia in a woman taking oestrogen suggests PE. She needs oxygen, urgent medical assessment and investigation. Paper-bag rebreathing is unsafe and can worsen hypoxaemia.
答え
C · Low oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Report any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
これが答えになる理由
Lamotrigine can cause serious skin reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome, most often in the first weeks or with rapid dose increases. Any new rash needs prompt review.
答え
D · Report any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Start sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
これが答えになる理由
These findings suggest sepsis from a urinary source. Blood cultures, lactate, IV antibiotics within the hour, IV fluids and close monitoring of urine output are started, and senior review is requested.
答え
C · Start sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Pulmonary fibrosis
これが答えになる理由
Bleomycin can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, especially at higher cumulative doses, in older patients and with high oxygen concentrations. Breathlessness or a new cough must be reported.
答え
D · Pulmonary fibrosis
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · A catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
これが答えになる理由
PICCs increase the risk of upper limb DVT. Arm swelling, pain and dilated superficial veins are reported for ultrasound assessment and possible anticoagulation; the line is not used until reviewed.
答え
D · A catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · About 11.5 to 16 kg
これが答えになる理由
For a normal BMI, the US Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Medicine) recommends a total gain of about 11.5 to 16 kg (25 to 35 lb), more for underweight women and less for women with obesity. The UK has no official target range; NICE focuses on healthy eating and activity.
答え
B · About 11.5 to 16 kg
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Rising oxygen levels and falling prostaglandins
これが答えになる理由
Higher blood oxygen and lower prostaglandin levels after birth cause the ductus arteriosus to constrict. Prostaglandin infusions are used to keep it open in duct-dependent heart defects.
答え
A · Rising oxygen levels and falling prostaglandins
21.小児看護
答え: A · To let the child express fears and gain a sense of control
これが答えになる理由
Therapeutic or medical play lets children explore equipment, act out procedures and show feelings they cannot put into words. It reduces anxiety and helps staff correct misunderstandings.
答え
A · To let the child express fears and gain a sense of control
22.小児看護
答え: B · 500 g, about 5% of his body weight, mostly fluid
これが答えになる理由
10 kg − 9.5 kg = 0.5 kg; 0.5 ÷ 10 = 5%. Rapid weight loss during acute illness is mostly fluid, so it is a useful measure of the degree of dehydration, alongside clinical signs.
答え
B · 500 g, about 5% of his body weight, mostly fluid
23.精神看護
答え: D · Young children often do not yet see death as permanent, so simple, honest words help
これが答えになる理由
Preschool children often see death as temporary or reversible. Clear, simple language, such as "her body stopped working", and avoiding phrases like "gone to sleep" help the child understand.
答え
D · Young children often do not yet see death as permanent, so simple, honest words help
24.精神看護
答え: B · Assign a female nurse where possible and explain her care plan to her
これが答えになる理由
Trauma-informed care respects the patient's need for safety and control. Where possible, adjusting staffing reduces re-traumatisation and helps build trust.
答え
B · Assign a female nurse where possible and explain her care plan to her
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 16/min → 0
SpO₂ 98% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 90 mmHg → 3
HR 44/min → 1
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.9 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 3 + 1 + 0 + 0 = 4
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
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