Why does long-term immobility increase the risk of kidney stones?
ACalcium released from bone raises the calcium in the urine
BThe kidneys stop producing urine during bed rest
CPatients on bed rest drink too much fluid
DLying flat makes the kidneys produce extra uric acid
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
手術から 2 日後の高齢の患者が、夜に突然混乱して興奮しました。優先すべきことは?
A鎮静薬を与えて朝に再確認する
B感染、痛み、尿閉、便秘、薬などの根本的な原因を探して治療する
C患者をベッドに抑制する
D新たな認知症とみなし、介護施設への移動を計画する
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse pours sterile saline into a bowl on a sterile field. Which technique is correct?
AReach across the field to fill the bowl at the far side
BPour from below the level of the field to reduce splashing
CRest the lip of the bottle on the edge of the bowl so that the saline does not splash
DHold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient who speaks little English is being discharged with new medications. The patient’s 12-year-old child offers to interpret. What should the nurse do?
AGive written instructions in English only
BLet the child interpret, because the family prefers it
CUse simple English and many hand gestures
DUse a professional medical interpreter
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Two nursing assistants argue loudly at the station about their assignments. What is the charge nurse’s best first step?
AMeet both of them privately to hear each side
BIgnore it and hope they sort it out
CChange both of their assignments without any discussion
DReport them to human resources at once
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Several patients on a unit develop diarrhea within two days. What should the nurse do first?
AGive all patients antidiarrheal drugs without assessment
BPlace affected patients on contact precautions and inform infection control
CWait to see if more patients become unwell
DMove the affected patients into shared rooms with other patients to free up beds
7.臨床看護学ふつう
What should the nurse regularly check for a patient with a syringe driver?
AThe infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
BNothing, once the syringe driver is running
COnly that the battery is charged and the device is switched on
DOnly the patient's weight, measured once a week on the same scales
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Several hours after thyroid surgery, a patient has increasing neck swelling, stridor and difficulty breathing. What is most likely?
ANormal postoperative swelling
BA haematoma compressing the airway
CA thyroid storm
DHypocalcaemia from parathyroid damage
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with type 1 diabetes has the flu, is eating little and has a glucose of 290 mg/dL (16.1 mmol/L). Which advice is correct?
ADrink only water and avoid all carbohydrate foods
BStop all insulin until you are eating normally again
CWait 3 days before checking the glucose again
DKeep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
Where is the zero point of an external ventricular drain usually levelled?
AAt the tragus of the ear
BAt the mid-axillary line of the chest
CAt the level of the umbilicus
DAt the top of the head
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?
AUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
BNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
COverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
DAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
A routine wound swab grows bacteria, but the wound shows no signs of infection. What does this usually mean?
AThe wound is colonised; antibiotics are not usually needed
BThe patient needs IV antibiotics straight away, whatever the wound looks like
答え: D · Hold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
これが答えになる理由
The nurse pours from a little height without touching the sterile bowl, avoiding splashes that would wet the field. Holding the label in the palm keeps it readable and free of drips.
答え
D · Hold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Use a professional medical interpreter
これが答えになる理由
Professional medical interpreters reduce errors and protect privacy. Children and other family members may translate wrongly, leave things out or be placed in a difficult position.
答え
D · Use a professional medical interpreter
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Meet both of them privately to hear each side
これが答えになる理由
Talking with both staff members privately allows the charge nurse to understand the problem and look for a fair solution. Ignoring the conflict or acting without facts usually makes it worse.
答え
A · Meet both of them privately to hear each side
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Place affected patients on contact precautions and inform infection control
これが答えになる理由
A cluster of diarrhea may be an outbreak, for example of C. difficile or norovirus. Contact precautions and early notification of infection control limit spread.
答え
B · Place affected patients on contact precautions and inform infection control
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Nurses check that the infusion is running as planned, the site has no redness or swelling, and the symptoms are controlled. Problems are acted on quickly to avoid distress.
答え
A · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · A haematoma compressing the airway
これが答えになる理由
A rapidly expanding neck haematoma after thyroid surgery is an airway emergency. Call for urgent help; local protocols often require equipment to release the wound clips or sutures to be kept at the bedside.
答え
B · A haematoma compressing the airway
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Keep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
これが答えになる理由
During illness, stress hormones raise glucose, so insulin is continued even when eating less. Glucose and ketones are checked often, fluids are taken, and the provider is contacted if ketones are moderate or high or vomiting prevents fluids.確認に用いた資料:Diabetes - when you are sick · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Keep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
答え: B · To protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer
これが答えになる理由
Oestrogen alone causes endometrial proliferation and increases the risk of endometrial cancer. A progestogen protects the endometrium; women without a uterus can take oestrogen alone.
答え
B · To protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer
12.薬理学
答え: A · C. difficile infection; send stool, use contact precautions, avoid antidiarrhoeals
これが答えになる理由
Broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially clindamycin, allow C. difficile to overgrow and release toxins. Stool is tested, contact precautions with soap-and-water handwashing are used, and antidiarrhoeals are avoided because they keep toxin in the gut.
答え
A · C. difficile infection; send stool, use contact precautions, avoid antidiarrhoeals
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Low blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
これが答えになる理由
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a thickened septum can obstruct the left ventricular outflow tract, and the obstruction worsens when the ventricle is underfilled. Dehydration, vasodilators and strenuous exertion can trigger symptoms or arrhythmias. It is a cause of sudden cardiac death in young people.
答え
D · Low blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
The EVD is levelled at the tragus, which approximates the foramen of Monro. If the head of the bed is changed, the drain must be re-levelled, because its height decides how much CSF drains.
答え
A · At the tragus of the ear
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Overdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
これが答えになる理由
When the head rises above the drain level, CSF drains faster. Overdrainage can cause headache, collapse of the ventricles or a subdural bleed. The nurse follows the protocol (often clamping briefly and re-levelling) and informs the neurosurgical team.
答え
C · Overdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · The wound is colonised; antibiotics are not usually needed
これが答えになる理由
Bacteria on the surface without clinical signs of infection is colonisation. Antibiotics are guided by clinical signs such as spreading redness, pain, heat, pus or systemic illness, not by a swab alone.
答え
A · The wound is colonised; antibiotics are not usually needed
A slight rise in temperature in the first 24 hours is often due to dehydration and the effort of labour. Fluids are encouraged and temperature rechecked. A fever of 38 °C (100.4 °F) or more, especially after 24 hours, suggests infection.
答え
D · Dehydration after labour
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Correct the ventilation, starting with mask and airway
これが答えになる理由
If the chest does not rise, ventilation is ineffective. Corrective steps include adjusting the mask seal, repositioning the head, suctioning, opening the mouth and increasing pressure. Compressions start only if the heart rate stays under 60/min with effective ventilation.
答え
C · Correct the ventilation, starting with mask and airway
21.小児看護
答え: B · Oral rehydration solution
これが答えになる理由
Oral rehydration solution has the right balance of sodium and glucose to promote water absorption. Juice, fizzy drinks and many sports drinks contain too much sugar and too little sodium and can worsen diarrhoea.
答え
B · Oral rehydration solution
22.小児看護
答え: A · The baby does not turn towards sounds or voices
これが答えになる理由
Not responding to sounds at 6 months may signal hearing loss and needs referral. Crawling usually starts at about 8–10 months, and mouthing objects and wariness of strangers are normal at this age.
答え
A · The baby does not turn towards sounds or voices
23.精神看護
答え: C · It suggests that the patient's choices are judged against the nurse's standards
これが答えになる理由
Approval can make the patient try to please the nurse rather than make their own decisions, and may suggest that the opposite choice would be "bad". Giving recognition or exploring the decision is preferred.
答え
C · It suggests that the patient's choices are judged against the nurse's standards
24.精神看護
答え: B · It is goal-directed and focused on the patient's needs, with the nurse responsible for keeping boundaries
これが答えになる理由
A therapeutic relationship has a clear purpose, focuses on the patient's needs and has a planned end. The nurse, not the patient, is responsible for keeping professional boundaries.
答え
B · It is goal-directed and focused on the patient's needs, with the nurse responsible for keeping boundaries
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 152 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
インチでの身長
5·12 + 0 = 60 in
インチからセンチメートルへ
h = 60·2.54 = 152.4 ≈ 152 cm
答え
h = 152 cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: N = 5
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。