During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops rising end-tidal carbon dioxide, muscle rigidity and a rapidly increasing temperature. Which drug should the nurse anticipate?
ANaloxone
BFlumazenil
CDantrolene
DAtropine
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which advice is important for a patient on long-term oral corticosteroids?
ATake them only when symptoms flare
BDo not stop them suddenly
CDouble the dose if a dose is missed
DTake them on an empty stomach at night
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
心原性ショックと循環血液量減少性ショックを最もよく区別する所見の組み合わせは?
A尿量の減少
B頻脈、低血圧、弱くて糸のような末梢脈拍
C頸静脈圧の上昇と肺の断続性ラ音
D冷たく青白い皮膚
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?
AThe patient has developed a new infection
BThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
CThe infection has spread to another organ
DThe inflammation is settling with treatment
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?
AContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week
BAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
CA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
DPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
11.薬理学ふつう
Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?
ATake double doses in the first week
BTake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
CTake it with alcohol to reduce nausea
DTake it after food with a full glass of water
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient who used heroin a few hours ago is given a first dose of buprenorphine and quickly develops severe withdrawal. Why?
ABuprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin
BBuprenorphine has no effect at opioid receptors
CBuprenorphine causes an allergic reaction in heroin users
DBuprenorphine is a pure antagonist like naloxone with no agonist effect
A conscious adult in the dining room is suddenly unable to speak, cough or breathe after a mouthful of food. What should the nurse do first?
AEncourage them to drink a glass of water to wash the food down
BLie them down on the floor and start chest compressions immediately
CSweep blindly in the mouth with a finger
DUp to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts if needed
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?
AA patient with heart failure
BA patient with asthma
CA patient with an allergy to latex
DA patient with hypothyroidism
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Why may nitrofurantoin be avoided in an older patient with significantly reduced kidney function?
AIt turns the urine red in kidney disease
BIt cannot be taken with food in kidney disease
CIt works less well and is more likely to be toxic
DIt cures kidney disease too quickly
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
回腸ストーマのある患者で、徐放性や腸溶性の錠剤がうまく効かないことがあるのはなぜですか?
A回腸ストーマのある患者は、経口薬をまったく服用できないから
B通過が速いため、薬が放出される前に排出される可能性があるから
C回腸ストーマの酵素が、あらゆる種類の経口薬を破壊するから
Dストーマが薬をあまりにも速く血液中に吸収するから
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
An 80 kg adult has 30% TBSA partial- and full-thickness burns. Using the Parkland formula, how much crystalloid is planned for the first 8 hours from the time of the burn?
A9600 mL
B3200 mL
C2400 mL
D4800 mL
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
When should an Rh-negative woman with no anti-D antibodies routinely receive antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin?
答え: B · From the inner corner outwards, using a clean part of the cloth for each eye
これが答えになる理由
Wiping from the inner to the outer canthus moves debris away from the tear duct. Using a clean part of the cloth for each eye prevents spreading infection between them.
答え
B · From the inner corner outwards, using a clean part of the cloth for each eye
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Keep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
これが答えになる理由
Sick-day rules say people with type 1 diabetes should never stop their insulin, as illness increases glucose and the risk of ketoacidosis. Frequent testing and early advice are needed.
答え
D · Keep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · It is written factually and does not replace documenting the fall in the patient’s record
これが答えになる理由
The nurse documents the facts of the fall, the assessment and the care given in the patient’s record. The incident report is a separate quality-improvement document and is not filed in the chart. Policies differ on whether the record notes that a report was made: many US facilities advise against it, while many UK services record the report reference. Falls are reported whether or not there is an injury.
答え
C · It is written factually and does not replace documenting the fall in the patient’s record
Malignant hyperthermia is a reaction to some anesthetic agents that causes hypermetabolism. The triggering drug is stopped and dantrolene is given, with active cooling and support.
答え
C · Dantrolene
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Do not stop them suddenly
これが答えになる理由
Long-term steroids suppress the adrenal glands, so stopping suddenly can cause adrenal crisis. Patients should carry a steroid alert card or medical ID and follow sick-day guidance.
答え: D · The inflammation is settling with treatment
これが答えになる理由
CRP has a short half-life of about 19 hours, so it falls within days when inflammation is controlled. A falling CRP, together with clinical improvement, supports a response to treatment; a CRP that stays high or rises again needs review.確認に用いた資料:C-reactive protein · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · The inflammation is settling with treatment
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Asymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in older adults and usually should not be treated, because treatment brings adverse effects and resistance without benefit. Exceptions include pregnancy and some urological procedures.確認に用いた資料:Asymptomatic Bacteriuria · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
B · Asymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
11.薬理学
答え: D · Take it after food with a full glass of water
これが答えになる理由
Nausea is the most common adverse effect of varenicline and is reduced by taking it after food with water. Patients should also report changes in mood or behaviour.
答え
D · Take it after food with a full glass of water
12.薬理学
答え: A · Buprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin
これが答えになる理由
Buprenorphine binds mu receptors more strongly than heroin but activates them less, so it can precipitate withdrawal. Induction is started when the patient already has mild to moderate withdrawal signs.
答え
A · Buprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin
答え: D · Up to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts if needed
これが答えになる理由
For a conscious adult with severe choking, current UK, European and AHA (2025) guidance teach up to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts, repeated until the obstruction clears; some older courses used abdominal thrusts alone. If the person becomes unconscious, CPR is started. Blind finger sweeps can push the object further in.
答え
D · Up to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts if needed
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · A patient with heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Pioglitazone can cause fluid retention and oedema, which can worsen heart failure. It is contraindicated in patients with heart failure. Weight gain and an increased fracture risk are other effects.
答え
A · A patient with heart failure
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · It works less well and is more likely to be toxic
これが答えになる理由
Nitrofurantoin is concentrated in the urine. With poor kidney function, urine levels fall, so it works less well, and blood levels rise, increasing side effects such as neuropathy. Another antibiotic is usually chosen.
答え
C · It works less well and is more likely to be toxic
Parkland gives 4 × 80 × 30 = 9600 mL in 24 hours, with half (4800 mL) in the first 8 hours from the time of injury. The rate is then adjusted to urine output and clinical response. Many burn centres now start lower, for example at 2 mL/kg/%TBSA in adults, and titrate to urine output.
答え
D · 4800 mL
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · At about 28 weeks of pregnancy
これが答えになる理由
Routine antenatal anti-D around 28 weeks, in a single or split dose depending on the programme, protects against sensitisation from silent fetomaternal bleeds. It is given again after birth if the baby is Rh-positive.
Hand, foot and mouth disease, usually caused by coxsackievirus, is self-limiting. The main risk is dehydration from painful mouth ulcers, so cool fluids, soft foods and analgesia are given and wet nappies are monitored.
答え: B · Give it in the morning, and watch for poor appetite, weight loss and trouble sleeping
これが答えになる理由
Stimulants commonly reduce appetite and can cause insomnia, so doses are given early in the day. Height and weight are checked regularly because growth can slow.
答え
B · Give it in the morning, and watch for poor appetite, weight loss and trouble sleeping
24.精神看護
答え: B · Risk of physical exhaustion and injury
これが答えになる理由
Severe mania can lead to dehydration, exhaustion, injury and even death if not managed. Physical safety, sleep, fluids and nutrition come before education or psychosocial issues.
答え
B · Risk of physical exhaustion and injury
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 170 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
インチでの身長
5·12 + 7 = 67 in
インチからセンチメートルへ
h = 67·2.54 = 170.2 ≈ 170 cm
答え
h = 170 cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 1.92 L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1日の容量
80 mL/h × 24 h = 1920 mL
リットルで
V = 1920/1000 = 1.92 L
答え
V = 1.92 L
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 180 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
投与量
2·90 = 180 mg
答え
D = 180 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.4 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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