A goal states: "The patient will report pain of 3/10 or less within one hour of analgesia." After one hour the patient reports 6/10. What should the nurse do?
AWait until the next day to evaluate again
BChange the goal to 6/10 or less so that it counts as met
CRecord the goal as not met and review the plan
DRecord the goal as met, as the pain has gone down
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
During a sterile dressing change, the nurse's sterile glove touches the bed rail. What should the nurse do?
ACarry on, as the bed rail was cleaned that morning
BRemove the gloves, perform hand hygiene and put on new sterile gloves
CPut a second pair of sterile gloves over the first pair
DWipe the glove with an alcohol swab and carry on with the dressing change
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with a respiratory infection has a raised procalcitonin level. What does this most suggest?
AA bacterial rather than a viral infection
BA purely viral illness
CAn allergic reaction to a recent medication
DDehydration from poor intake
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse finds that a patient has been taking their own sleeping pills from a bedside drawer while also receiving a hypnotic from the ward. What should the nurse do?
ASecure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
BStop giving the hospital hypnotic without telling the provider or the pharmacy
CThrow the patient’s pills away in the bin
DLet the patient keep them, since they are the patient’s own
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient on a nasal cannula at 6 L/min still has a low SpO₂. What should the nurse do?
ARemove the oxygen to see if the SpO₂ changes
BReport it, because a different oxygen device is likely to be needed
CTurn the nasal cannula up to 15 L/min
DRecheck the SpO₂ at the next routine set of observations in four hours
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
After a cervical spinal cord injury, a patient has a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg, a heart rate of 48/min and warm, dry skin. What is most likely?
ANeurogenic shock
BCardiac tamponade
CSeptic shock
DHypovolemic shock
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is having a 12-lead ECG. Where are the chest electrodes placed?
AIn standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
BOn both shoulders and both hips only
CAnywhere on the chest where the skin is clear
DIn a straight line down the centre of the sternum from top to bottom
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse is teaching a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will tell my dentist that I take warfarin."
B"I can take aspirin if I get a headache."
C"I will report black stools or unusual bruising."
D"I will keep my INR blood test appointments."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?
AThe right arm
BThe right hand
CEither arm equally
DThe left arm
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient with iron-deficiency anemia who is starting oral iron. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I can take it with orange juice to help absorption"
B"I'll take my iron tablet with a big glass of milk"
C"I'll keep the tablets out of reach of the children"
D"My stools may look darker while I take the tablets"
11.薬理学ふつう
How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?
AAs a slow infusion over one hour
BAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
CAs a tablet under the tongue
DAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking digoxin has nausea, yellow-green vision and a dangerous arrhythmia. Which specific treatment can bind the drug?
AProtamine sulfate
BFlumazenil
CIntravenous vitamin K (phytomenadione) given slowly
DDigoxin immune Fab (antibody fragments)
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?
AIV fluids directly damage the heart valves
BIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
CIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed
DExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will carry my pacemaker identification card with me at all times."
B"I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
C"I will tell staff about the device before any MRI scan."
D"I will keep my follow-up appointments for device checks."
An adult stares blankly for about a minute, smacks their lips and fumbles with their clothes. Afterwards they are confused for ten minutes and remember nothing. Which seizure type fits best?
AAtonic (drop) seizure with a fall
BAbsence seizure
CFocal impaired awareness seizure
DMyoclonic seizure
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What does "neoadjuvant" treatment mean?
ATreatment that is given instead of any surgery
BTreatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
CTreatment that is given only after the cancer has already spread
DTreatment given only for pain relief
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with diabetes has a foot ulcer. A sterile probe touches bone at the base of the ulcer. What should the nurse suspect?
ASimple dry skin
BVenous insufficiency
COsteomyelitis
DA healing category 1 ulcer
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman at 16 weeks has an amniocentesis. Which instruction after the procedure is correct?
ABed rest is required for 2 weeks
BReport fever, leaking fluid or bleeding
CDrink no fluids for 24 hours
DNo follow-up is needed for any symptoms
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
産後病棟で、直ちに報告すべき所見はどれですか?
A2 日目に子宮底が臍の 2 cm 下にある
B女性が 15 分以内に大きなパッドを濡らし切っている
C2 日目の赤色悪露
D1 日目の軽度の会陰の腫れ
21.小児看護ふつう
Which instruction about a child's new plaster cast is correct?
AKeep the cast covered with a plastic bag at all times while it dries, to keep it clean
BPush a knitting needle inside the cast to scratch an itch
CKeep the limb raised and report increasing pain, numbness or pale or blue fingers
DLet the child walk on a leg cast as soon as it is applied
22.小児看護むずかしい
Two healthcare rescuers are giving CPR to an infant. Which compression technique is recommended?
AThe two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest
BBoth hands interlocked over the centre of the chest, with arms straight
CBoth hands placed one on top of the other over the upper abdomen
DCompressions with one finger over the upper sternum
答え: C · Record the goal as not met and review the plan
これが答えになる理由
Evaluation compares the outcome with the goal. The goal was not met, so the nurse reassesses, reports and revises the plan, for example with a different analgesic.
答え
C · Record the goal as not met and review the plan
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Remove the gloves, perform hand hygiene and put on new sterile gloves
これが答えになる理由
A sterile glove that touches a non-sterile surface is contaminated and must be replaced. Cleaning it or covering it does not restore sterility.
答え
B · Remove the gloves, perform hand hygiene and put on new sterile gloves
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · A bacterial rather than a viral infection
これが答えになる理由
Procalcitonin rises mainly in bacterial infections and much less in viral ones. It is used with clinical judgement to help decide when antibiotics are needed or can be stopped.
答え
A · A bacterial rather than a viral infection
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Secure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Unrecorded home medicines can lead to duplicate doses, interactions and falls. They are stored or sent home according to policy, and the provider is told so the treatment plan can be reviewed.
答え
A · Secure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Report it, because a different oxygen device is likely to be needed
これが答えになる理由
Standard nasal cannulas are usually run at up to about 6 L/min; higher flows dry the nose without much benefit. If the patient still needs more oxygen, the nurse assesses and escalates for a different device.
答え
B · Report it, because a different oxygen device is likely to be needed
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Neurogenic shock
これが答えになる理由
Neurogenic shock follows loss of sympathetic tone, causing vasodilation, hypotension and bradycardia with warm skin. Hypovolemic shock usually causes a fast pulse and cool, clammy skin.
答え
A · Neurogenic shock
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · In standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
これが答えになる理由
The six chest leads (V1–V6) have standard anatomical positions, from the 4th intercostal space beside the sternum to the mid-axillary line. Wrong placement can change the ECG and lead to misinterpretation.
答え
A · In standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · "I can take aspirin if I get a headache."
これが答えになる理由
Aspirin and other NSAIDs increase the bleeding risk with warfarin, so patients should ask before taking any new medicine. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is usually the safer choice for simple pain.
答え
B · "I can take aspirin if I get a headache."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · The left arm
これが答えになる理由
After axillary node removal, venipuncture and blood pressure readings are usually avoided on that side to reduce the risk of lymphedema and infection. The opposite arm is used whenever possible, according to policy.
答え
D · The left arm
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · "I'll take my iron tablet with a big glass of milk"
これが答えになる理由
Calcium in milk, as well as antacids and tea, reduces iron absorption, so iron should not be taken with them. Vitamin C improves absorption, dark stools are expected, and iron overdose is a serious poisoning risk in young children.確認に用いた資料:Iron deficiency anemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Iron in diet - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · "I'll take my iron tablet with a big glass of milk"
11.薬理学
答え: D · As a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
これが答えになる理由
Adenosine must reach the heart quickly, so it is pushed rapidly into a large vein and flushed. Patients are warned about brief flushing, chest tightness and a short pause in the heartbeat.
答え
D · As a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
12.薬理学
答え: D · Digoxin immune Fab (antibody fragments)
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin immune Fab binds digoxin in the blood and makes it inactive. It is used for life-threatening toxicity, such as serious arrhythmias or severe hyperkalaemia.
答え
D · Digoxin immune Fab (antibody fragments)
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Extra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
これが答えになる理由
In heart failure, the ventricle cannot cope with large increases in preload, so IV fluids can raise filling pressures and cause pulmonary oedema. When fluids are needed, smaller volumes are given with close reassessment of breathing, crackles, JVP, weight and fluid balance.
答え
D · Extra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · "I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
これが答えになる理由
Patients are advised to keep mobile phones at least about 15 cm from the device and to hold them to the opposite ear. They carry a device card, tell staff before MRI or surgery (diathermy) and attend follow-up checks. Normal household appliances are generally safe.
答え
B · "I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
Focal impaired awareness seizures often come from the temporal lobe. They last about a minute or two, with automatisms such as lip smacking and fumbling, and are followed by confusion. Absence seizures are shorter and have no postictal phase.
答え
C · Focal impaired awareness seizure
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
これが答えになる理由
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is given before surgery to shrink the tumour, which may make surgery easier or allow less extensive surgery. Adjuvant therapy follows surgery.
答え
B · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Osteomyelitis
これが答えになる理由
A positive probe-to-bone test in a diabetic foot ulcer strongly suggests osteomyelitis. Imaging, bone samples, prolonged antibiotics and specialist foot team care are usually needed.
答え
C · Osteomyelitis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Report fever, leaking fluid or bleeding
これが答えになる理由
After amniocentesis, she should report fever, leaking fluid, bleeding, severe cramps or reduced movements. Rh-negative women receive anti-D. Normal activity can usually resume soon.
答え: C · Keep the limb raised and report increasing pain, numbness or pale or blue fingers
これが答えになる理由
Elevation reduces swelling, and families must report signs of neurovascular compromise (pain, pallor, numbness, tingling, coolness or inability to move fingers or toes). Nothing should be pushed into the cast, and a wet cast needs air to dry.
答え
C · Keep the limb raised and report increasing pain, numbness or pale or blue fingers
22.小児看護
答え: A · The two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest
これが答えになる理由
When two rescuers are present, the two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest is recommended for infants because it gives better compression depth and pressure. One or two hands on the lower sternum are used for older children.
答え
A · The two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest
23.精神看護
答え: C · 法律で特に制限されたものを除いて権利は保持され、権利について知らされなければならない
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
濃度
5% = 50 mg/mL
体積
V = 500/50 = 10 mL
答え
V = 10 mL
28.投与量の計算
答え: V₁ = 25 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 9/min → 1
SpO₂ 98% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 136 mmHg → 0
HR 88/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.2 °C → 0
足す
NEWS2 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 1
答え
NEWS2 = 1
34.臨床アセスメントスコア
答え: 高
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 24/min → 2
SpO₂ 96% → 0
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 96 mmHg → 2
HR 130/min → 2
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 34.8 °C → 3
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 2 + 0 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 0 + 3 = 11
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
高
答え
高
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
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