A nursing assistant has twice not reported abnormal vital signs to the RN. What is the RN’s best action?
AStop delegating any tasks to the assistant for the rest of the year
BSay nothing to the assistant and quietly recheck all of the assistant’s vital signs in secret
CComplain about the assistant to the patients during care
DTalk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A dying patient can no longer drink and has a dry mouth. What is the most appropriate nursing care?
ALeaving the mouth alone to avoid disturbing them
BInserting a nasogastric tube for fluids
CStarting a fast intravenous infusion to correct the dryness
DFrequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Why can sepsis be missed in older adults?
AOlder adults always have a very high fever
BThey may have no fever and present with confusion, falls or reduced mobility
COlder adults cannot develop sepsis because their immune system is weaker
DBlood tests are not useful in older people
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
慢性腎臓病の患者に、貧血が多いのはなぜですか?
A腎疾患での高カリウムが、赤血球を壊すため
B腎臓が、赤血球の産生を促すエリスロポエチンをあまり作らなくなるため
C傷んだ腎臓が、赤血球を濾過して破壊するため
D尿毒症性の毒素により、骨髄が赤血球ではなく白血球を作るようになるため
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?
AAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
BA normal finding in sickle cell disease
CA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones
DIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
11.薬理学ふつう
A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?
APeak expiratory flow
BThyroid function and bone density
CBlood drug levels and kidney function
DSerum amylase
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on valproate becomes lethargic, starts vomiting and develops jaundice. Which adverse effect should be suspected first?
AKidney stones
BLiver toxicity
CHypothyroidism
DNormal start-up side effects
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
After an above-knee amputation, which measure helps prevent a hip flexion contracture?
ASitting in a chair for most of the day with the hips bent
BLying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
CKeeping a pillow under the stump at all times, day and night
DKeeping the hip bent to reduce stump swelling
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?
AA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
BAn obese patient after hip surgery
CA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement
DA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Why is nimodipine given to patients after a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
ATo stop seizures in the first few days
BTo raise the blood pressure and improve perfusion
Which nerve is at risk if the arm is poorly padded at the elbow during surgery?
AFacial nerve
BUlnar nerve
CSciatic nerve
DFemoral nerve
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient has sharp, tearing pain on passing stool, "like passing glass", with a streak of fresh blood. Which condition is most likely?
AColorectal cancer
BCrohn's disease of the ileum
CAnal fissure
DUpper GI bleeding
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
妊娠 32 週で子宮底長が 37 cm でした。どの説明を考えるべきですか?
A胎児が骨盤内に下降した
B羊水過少
C多胎妊娠または羊水過多
D胎児発育不全
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with a previous caesarean is having a trial of labour. Which induction agent should the nurse question?
AA balloon catheter
BOxytocin used per protocol
CAmniotomy
DMisoprostol
21.小児看護ふつう
How should a parent respond to a 2-year-old's temper tantrum in a safe place?
AGive the child the sweet he wants so the tantrum stops
BSmack the child to show that tantrums are not allowed
CStay calm, keep the child safe and do not give in to the demand
DShout loudly at the child to make the tantrum stop sooner
22.小児看護むずかしい
A toddler has burns on both feet and the buttocks, with sharp "stocking" lines and no splash marks. What should the nurse consider?
APossible deliberate immersion; follow the safeguarding procedure
BSunburn from playing outside in a paddling pool on a hot day
CA skin infection that looks like a burn
DAn accidental spill from a cup of tea
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient who is detained under mental health legislation does not return from escorted leave. What should the nurse do?
ADo nothing, because patients are allowed to leave whenever they want
BRemove his name from the ward list and give his bed to a new patient who is waiting for admission
CStart the missing patient procedure at once, informing the team and, if required, the police
DWait until the next day, because he will probably return on his own
24.精神看護むずかしい
A depressed patient says, "I don't enjoy anything any more, so there's no point in doing anything." Which intervention best reflects behavioural activation?
AWait until his mood improves before suggesting activities
BPlan small, scheduled activities with him and review how he felt afterwards
CEncourage him to rest in bed as much as possible until the medicine works
DTell him that his thoughts are irrational and he should stop thinking that way
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 少量の注射の投与量の計算結果は 0.44819 mL です。 この練習問題のルールは「1 mL未満の容量は、mLの小数第2位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
0.44819 mL
x = mL
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴は 1 mg/h を投与します。この投与速度 D を mcg/min で表してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
1 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 73 kg の患者の体表面積は 1.66 m² です。処方は 75 mg/m² です。用量 D を mg で求めなさい。
73 kgBSA = 1.66 m²75 mg/m²
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
患者の体重は 145.2 lb です。処方は 1 回量として 0.5 mg/kg で、原液は 1 mL 中に 40 mg を含みます。1 kg = 2.2 lb として、何 mL V 投与しますか? 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
145.2 lb0.5 mg/kg40 mg/1 mL1 kg = 2.2 lb
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
90 mL/h での輸液が指示されていますが、ポンプがありません。20 滴/mL の輸液セットを使って自然落下で投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
90 mL/h20 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
薬剤 500 mg を 250 mL に希釈し、60 滴/mL のセットで自然落下で投与します。指示は 1 時間あたり 60 mg です。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
500 mg/250 mL60 mg/h60 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 106 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
106 kg12 h尿: 300 mL尿: 400 mL尿: 175 mL尿: 500 mL
U = mL/kg/h
32.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 1000 mL の輸液を 10:00 に 125 mL/h で開始します。3 時間後に流量を 200 mL/h に変更し、その後は変更しません。開始から何時間後 t にバッグは空になりますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
答え: C · The prep must be fully dry and any pooled liquid removed
これが答えになる理由
Wet alcohol prep and its vapors under drapes can be ignited by electrosurgery or lasers. The prep is allowed to dry fully, and pooling in skin folds or linen is prevented.
答え
C · The prep must be fully dry and any pooled liquid removed
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Leave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team
これが答えになる理由
An unknown chemical spill may be toxic or flammable. The nurse moves people away, prevents entry and calls the designated hazardous materials team, who check the Safety Data Sheet and use the right equipment.
答え
B · Leave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team
答え: D · Talk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
これが答えになる理由
The RN gives direct, private feedback, restates the reporting limits and increases supervision. If the problem continues, it is escalated to the manager according to policy.
答え
D · Talk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
これが答えになる理由
Regular mouth care with moist swabs, water sprays and lip balm relieves a dry mouth in the last days of life. Families can be shown how to help.
答え
D · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · They may have no fever and present with confusion, falls or reduced mobility
これが答えになる理由
Older people may have a normal or low temperature and present with delirium, falls or general decline. Early warning scores and a high index of suspicion are important.
答え
B · They may have no fever and present with confusion, falls or reduced mobility
答え: A · An aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
これが答えになる理由
Patients with sickle cell disease depend on a high reticulocyte count because their red cells live only a short time. Parvovirus B19 can stop red cell production for days, causing a rapid fall in hemoglobin with very low reticulocytes. Transfusion may be needed.確認に用いた資料:Reticulocyte Count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · An aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
11.薬理学
答え: C · Blood drug levels and kidney function
これが答えになる理由
Tacrolimus levels are kept in a target range to prevent rejection and toxicity. Kidney damage, hyperkalaemia, high glucose and tremor are adverse effects, and interacting drugs and grapefruit are avoided.
答え
C · Blood drug levels and kidney function
12.薬理学
答え: B · Liver toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Valproate can cause serious hepatotoxicity, especially in young children and early in treatment. Liver function tests are checked, and the drug may need to be stopped; pancreatitis is another serious risk.
答え
B · Liver toxicity
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Lying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
これが答えになる理由
Prolonged hip flexion, such as long periods sitting or a pillow under the stump, can lead to a fixed contracture that makes fitting a prosthesis difficult. Lying prone for periods, keeping the hip extended and early physiotherapy help prevent it.
答え
B · Lying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · A patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
これが答えになる理由
When bleeding risk is high, such as after recent intracranial haemorrhage, mechanical methods (intermittent pneumatic compression) are used instead of anticoagulants until it is safe. The other patients are at high VTE risk and would usually receive pharmacological prophylaxis unless contraindicated.
答え
A · A patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · To reduce brain injury from delayed vasospasm
これが答えになる理由
Nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker, reduces the risk of poor outcome from delayed cerebral ischaemia caused by vasospasm. Blood pressure must be monitored because it can cause hypotension.
The ulnar nerve runs superficially at the elbow and is a common site of positioning injury. Careful padding and avoiding pressure on the elbow help prevent numbness and weakness of the hand.
答え
B · Ulnar nerve
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Anal fissure
これが答えになる理由
An anal fissure causes severe pain during and after defecation with bright red blood. Treatment includes stool softeners, fibre and topical treatment to relax the sphincter.
Misoprostol is avoided in women with a uterine scar because of a high risk of uterine rupture. Mechanical methods, amniotomy and carefully monitored oxytocin may be used.
答え
D · Misoprostol
21.小児看護
答え: C · Stay calm, keep the child safe and do not give in to the demand
これが答えになる理由
Tantrums are normal as toddlers seek autonomy but cannot yet manage frustration. Staying calm, keeping the child safe, ignoring the outburst and giving attention for calm behaviour work best; giving in reinforces tantrums.
答え
C · Stay calm, keep the child safe and do not give in to the demand
22.小児看護
答え: A · Possible deliberate immersion; follow the safeguarding procedure
これが答えになる理由
Symmetrical burns with clear edges on the feet, hands or buttocks, without splash marks, suggest forced immersion in hot water. The nurse documents the findings accurately and follows local safeguarding procedures.
答え
A · Possible deliberate immersion; follow the safeguarding procedure
23.精神看護
答え: C · Start the missing patient procedure at once, informing the team and, if required, the police
これが答えになる理由
A detained patient who is absent without leave may be a risk to themselves or others. Missing patient procedures are started immediately, including a risk assessment and informing the responsible clinician and relevant authorities.
答え
C · Start the missing patient procedure at once, informing the team and, if required, the police
24.精神看護
答え: B · Plan small, scheduled activities with him and review how he felt afterwards
これが答えになる理由
Behavioural activation is based on the idea that activity improves mood, not the other way round. Scheduling achievable, meaningful activities and reviewing the effect breaks the cycle of withdrawal and low mood.
答え
B · Plan small, scheduled activities with him and review how he felt afterwards
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 1 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
計算する
D = 1000/60 = 16.67 ≈ 16.7 mcg/min
答え
D = 16.7 mcg/min
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 124.5 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 75·1.66 = 124.5 mg
答え
D = 124.5 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.83 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
145.2/2.2 = 66 kg
投与量
0.5·66 = 33 mg
体積
V = (33/40)·1 = 0.825 ≈ 0.83 mL
答え
V = 0.83 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 30 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
90/60 = 1.5 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 1.5·20 = 30 gtt/min
答え
R = 30 gtt/min
30.点滴速度
答え: R = 30 gtt/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。