When opening a sterile pack on a table, which flap is opened first?
AThe flap furthest away from you
BAny flap, as long as you wear sterile gloves
CThe flap nearest to you
DThe flap on your dominant side
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient taking furosemide has a serum potassium of 3.0 mmol/L (3.0 mEq/L). Why is this important?
ALow potassium only causes mild thirst
BThe level is normal and needs no action
CFurosemide raises potassium, so this level is falsely low and can be ignored
DLoop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Why are patients on long-term corticosteroids at higher risk from infections?
ASteroids kill the patient’s normal skin bacteria
BSteroids make the patient’s blood more acidic, which helps bacteria grow
CSteroids only affect the risk of fungal skin rashes
DSteroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
While preparing a chemotherapy infusion, the drug splashes onto a nurse’s forearm. What should the nurse do first?
ACover the area with a dressing and report later
BWipe the skin with an alcohol swab and continue preparing the infusion
CFinish hanging the infusion and then wash the skin
DRemove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
申し送りの後、看護師が最初に診るべき患者はどれですか?
A利尿薬を使用していて、午前 8 時から 400 mL の尿を出した患者
B新しいギプスをつけて、足の感覚がなくなり、足の指が冷たいと言う患者
C変形性関節症で、毎朝のこわばりを訴えている患者
D面会者が来る前にシャワーの介助を求めている患者
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient suddenly has severe pain in one leg. The leg is pale and cold with no pedal pulse. What does this suggest?
AA deep vein thrombosis that can be treated next week
BAcute arterial occlusion, which is an emergency
CChronic venous insufficiency that needs elevation
DA muscle cramp that will pass with stretching
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is prescribed two different eye drops at the same time. What is correct?
AGive one drop now and the other the next day
BMix the two drops in one bottle
CWait about five minutes between the two drops
DGive both drops at once into the same eye
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
大手術後の患者の早期の悪化を見つけるのに最も役立つ看護アセスメントは?
A1 日 1 回の体温測定
B気分がよいかどうかを患者に尋ねるだけ
C退院時にだけ創を確認する
D早期警告スコアを用いた定期的なバイタルサイン一式の測定と推移の確認
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
カリウムを細胞内に移動させて、血清カリウムを下げる治療はどれですか?
Aブドウ糖とともに静脈内投与する速効型(レギュラー)インスリン
B経口の塩化カリウム補充
C10 分かけて静脈内投与するグルコン酸カルシウム
D0.45 % 塩化ナトリウムの静脈内点滴
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Ten minutes into a red cell transfusion, a patient develops fever, chills, low back pain and dark urine. After stopping the transfusion, what should the nurse do next?
ARestart the transfusion more slowly after giving an antipyretic drug
BFlush the remaining blood through the line with the IV fluid to finish it
CDiscard the blood bag and tubing in the clinical waste to stop exposure
DKeep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
11.薬理学ふつう
A man takes finasteride. What should be explained about handling the tablets?
AAnyone can handle the tablets, as they contain no active drug
BThe tablets must be stored in the fridge
CPregnant women should not handle crushed or broken tablets
DThe tablets must be crushed before swallowing
12.薬理学むずかしい
通常量のアルコールのような 0 次消失とは:
A高濃度では消失が止まる
B単位時間あたり一定の割合が消失する
C単位時間あたり一定の量が消失する
D濃度にかかわらず半減期が一定
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?
AKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
BApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
CUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
DAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?
A"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
B"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
C"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
D"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A conscious patient with a glucose of 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?
AA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich
BA glass of milk and two plain biscuits
CGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
DA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetic neuropathy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will check my feet every day, using a mirror for the soles."
B"I will wear socks and shoes that fit well and do not rub."
C"I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
D"I will check that the bath water is not too hot using my elbow."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
麻酔中の悪性高熱症で、最も早く現れる徴候としてよくみられるのはどれですか?
A心拍数の低下と低血圧
BCO₂値の低下を伴う紅潮した皮膚
C体温の着実な低下
D原因不明の呼気終末CO₂の上昇
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?
AExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
BInsist they walk without any analgesia
CTell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff
DAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Misoprostol is given for postpartum haemorrhage. Which side effect is common?
A 3-month-old is gaining weight poorly. The mother says she adds extra water to the formula to make each tin last longer. Besides poor growth, what serious complication is the nurse concerned about?
AHigh sodium from too much powder, which causes dehydration
BLow sodium from water intoxication, which can cause seizures
CVitamin K deficiency bleeding from the extra water
DHigh blood glucose from the sugar in the diluted formula, causing diabetes
Opening the far flap first means the nurse never reaches across the exposed sterile contents. The side flaps follow, and the nearest flap is opened last.
答え
A · The flap furthest away from you
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
これが答えになる理由
Furosemide increases potassium loss in the urine. Hypokalaemia causes muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias, so the result is reported and replacement considered.
答え
D · Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Steroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
これが答えになる理由
Corticosteroids reduce white cell activity and inflammation, so infections develop more easily and may cause less fever or redness. Nurses watch closely for subtle signs.
答え
D · Steroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Remove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
これが答えになる理由
Skin exposure to hazardous drugs is washed immediately with soap and water after removing contaminated gloves or gown. The exposure is then reported and treated according to policy.
答え
D · Remove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
答え: B · Acute arterial occlusion, which is an emergency
これが答えになる理由
Sudden pain, pallor, coldness and loss of pulse suggest an embolus blocking an artery. The limb can be lost within hours, so the nurse escalates immediately.
答え
B · Acute arterial occlusion, which is an emergency
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Wait about five minutes between the two drops
これが答えになる理由
Leaving a few minutes between different drops lets each one be absorbed. Gentle pressure on the inner corner of the eye can also reduce systemic absorption.
答え: D · Keep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
これが答えになる理由
These signs suggest an acute hemolytic reaction. The transfusion is stopped, the line is kept open with normal saline through new tubing, the provider and blood bank are informed, and the bag, tubing and blood and urine samples are sent for testing as per policy.確認に用いた資料:Hemolytic transfusion reaction · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Keep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
11.薬理学
答え: C · Pregnant women should not handle crushed or broken tablets
これが答えになる理由
Finasteride can be absorbed through the skin and may affect genital development of a male fetus. Women who are or may become pregnant should avoid contact with crushed or broken tablets.
答え
C · Pregnant women should not handle crushed or broken tablets
答え: D · Avoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
これが答えになる理由
After axillary node removal, the arm's lymph drainage is reduced. Patients are advised to protect the skin, treat cuts promptly, avoid tight items and, where possible, avoid BP measurements, cannulation and injections on that arm. Gentle exercise helps lymph flow.
答え
D · Avoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
これが答えになる理由
In SBAR, the recommendation states clearly what the nurse needs and how quickly, such as a review within a set time. The other statements belong to situation, background and assessment. Structured communication reduces delays in escalation.
答え
A · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Glucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
これが答えになる理由
About 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets or juice, raises glucose quickly. Chocolate and milk contain fat, which slows absorption. Glucose is rechecked after about 15 minutes.
答え
C · Glucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · "I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
これが答えになる理由
Medicated corn plasters contain acids that can burn the skin and cause ulcers in people with neuropathy or poor circulation. Corns and calluses should be treated by a podiatrist.
答え
C · "I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
答え: A · Explore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
これが答えになる理由
Patients may under-report pain because of beliefs, fear of addiction or not wanting to bother staff. Exploring these concerns and explaining that good analgesia helps breathing and mobility supports a shared plan.
答え
A · Explore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Shivering and fever
これが答えになる理由
Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, commonly causes shivering and a raised temperature, as well as nausea and diarrhoea. It is useful where other uterotonics are not available.
答え: B · Low sodium from water intoxication, which can cause seizures
これが答えになる理由
Over-diluted formula gives too few calories and too much free water, which can cause hyponatraemia and seizures. The nurse should also address the underlying problem, for example by linking the family with financial or social support.
答え
B · Low sodium from water intoxication, which can cause seizures
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 20/min → 0
SpO₂ 97% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 84 mmHg → 3
HR 88/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.1 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 3
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。