NCLEX-PN 形式の練習問題（LPN/LVN）：直前対策パック

How should dentures be cleaned to avoid breaking them?

1. AWith an abrasive cleaning powder to remove stains
2. BOver a sink lined with a towel or partly filled with water
3. COver an empty, hard sink so they can be seen clearly
4. DBy soaking them in very hot water to sterilise them

若い成人の初期の循環血液量減少性ショックで、通常、血圧が下がる前に現れるサインはどれですか？

1. A温かく紅潮した皮膚
2. B遅い心拍数
3. C非常に低い血圧
4. D末梢が冷たく、心拍数が上がる

A small spill of blood is found on the floor. How should it be cleaned?

1. ACover it with a clean sheet and keep working
2. BLeave it until housekeeping arrives the next morning
3. CWipe it up quickly with a dry cloth using bare hands, then wash the hands well
4. DWear gloves, absorb the blood, then clean the area with an approved disinfectant

無菌的な中心静脈カテーテルのドレッシング交換中に、同僚が開いた滅菌野の上に腕を伸ばしてテープを手渡しました。看護師はどうすべきですか？

1. A腕が上を通った場所に最も近い物だけを取り除く
2. B同僚は滅菌物に触れていないので、続ける
3. C滅菌タオルで滅菌野を覆い、その上で続ける
4. D滅菌野は汚染されたとみなし、新しく準備し直す

A conscious patient with hypoglycemia drank juice 15 minutes ago. The glucose is now 62 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L). What should the nurse do next?

1. ARecord the result and recheck the glucose at the usual time before the evening meal
2. BGive another serving of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
3. CWait another hour, because juice can take a long time to work
4. DGive the next scheduled dose of rapid-acting insulin with the meal

A patient at 34 weeks of pregnancy has painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. Which action should the nurse avoid?

1. AWeighing the pads to estimate blood loss
2. BMonitoring the fetal heart rate
3. CA vaginal examination
4. DMeasuring the blood pressure and pulse

Which features suggest Cushing's syndrome?

1. ACoarse facial features and very large hands and feet
2. BWeight loss, heat intolerance, tremor and protruding eyes
3. CWeight gain around the trunk, a rounded face and thin, easily bruised skin
4. DDark skin, low blood pressure, salt craving and a low blood sodium level

Which action is most important in protecting a patient with severe neutropenia from infection?

1. ATaking rectal temperatures regularly
2. BKeeping fresh flowers and plants in the room to help the patient's mood
3. CStrict hand hygiene by everyone who has contact with the patient
4. DGiving routine intramuscular injections

A patient taking phenazopyridine for bladder pain has bright orange urine. What should the nurse know about urine tests?

1. AThe color proves blood is present in the urine
2. BThe dye can interfere with dipstick color readings
3. CThe color shows severe liver failure is present
4. DThe drug improves the accuracy of all dipsticks

ナトリウム 132 mEq/L、血糖 600 mg/dL（33.3 mmol/L）の患者が入院しました。ナトリウム値を注意して解釈するのはなぜですか？

1. Aナトリウムの結果は、検査室の誤りに違いないため
2. B高血糖は測定されるナトリウムを偽って上昇させるので、実際はもっと低いため
3. C高血糖は水を血液中に引き込み、ナトリウムを希釈するため
4. Dブドウ糖は、測定されるナトリウムに影響しないため

A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
2. BGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)
3. CWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
4. DTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once

A patient on valproate becomes lethargic, starts vomiting and develops jaundice. Which adverse effect should be suspected first?

1. ALiver toxicity
2. BNormal start-up side effects
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DKidney stones

Why is a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol usually avoided in a patient with asthma?

1. AIt raises the heart rate sharply during an acute asthma attack
2. BIt makes inhaled corticosteroids work too strongly
3. CIt thickens airway mucus by drying the airways
4. DIt can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors

Two days after a coronary stent, a patient on aspirin and ticagrelor has black, tarry stools and feels faint on standing. What should the nurse do?

1. ACheck vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
2. BReassure the patient that iron tablets cause black stools
3. CGive a laxative and repeat the observations tomorrow
4. DStop both antiplatelet drugs permanently on the nurse's own decision

A woman who takes the combined contraceptive pill is starting carbamazepine. What should she be taught?

1. AThe pill makes carbamazepine toxic, so she must stop the pill
2. BShe should take both at the same time so they are absorbed together
3. CCarbamazepine can make the pill less effective, so other contraception is needed
4. DThere is no interaction between these two medicines

A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye
2. BThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention
3. CThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
4. DTamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes

Which presentation fits acute diverticulitis?

1. ARight upper abdominal pain after fatty meals
2. BCentral chest pain spreading to the left arm
3. CLeft lower abdominal pain, fever and a raised CRP
4. DPainless jaundice with a palpable gallbladder

A nurse teaches a patient to self-inject low molecular weight heparin at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll change the injection site each day."
2. B"I'll put the used syringe in the sharps bin."
3. C"I'll report any unusual bruising or bleeding."
4. D"I'll rub the area afterwards to spread the medicine."

Two days after a caesarean, a woman feels bloated with gas pains. Which advice is most helpful?

1. ADrink fizzy drinks to bring up the gas
2. BUse straws to drink fluids
3. CWalk around regularly
4. DStay in bed until the pain stops

A woman at 12 weeks has light bleeding and mild cramping. The cervix is closed and fetal heart activity is seen on ultrasound. How is this classified?

1. AInevitable miscarriage
2. BThreatened miscarriage
3. CMissed miscarriage
4. DIncomplete miscarriage

呼吸窮迫のある子どもが徐脈になりました。これは何を意味しますか？

1. A子どもが回復して落ち着いてきている
2. B重度の低酸素のサインで、心停止が差し迫っている可能性がある
3. C酸素療法の副作用
4. D睡眠に対する正常な反応

The nurse has taught the parents of a child with sickle cell disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
2. B"We'll call the hospital straight away if she has a fever."
3. C"We'll dress her warmly before she goes out in cold weather."
4. D"We'll learn how to feel her tummy for an enlarged spleen."

A severely depressed older patient says, "My insides have rotted away; I am already dead." Which type of delusion is this?

1. AGrandiose
2. BErotomanic
3. CNihilistic
4. DPersecutory

Six weeks after losing his job, a man feels low and worried and is sleeping a little less, but he still enjoys time with his children and does not meet the criteria for major depression. Which diagnosis fits best?

1. AAdjustment disorder with depressed mood
2. BBipolar II disorder
3. CMajor depressive disorder
4. DPersistent depressive disorder

練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 滴下速度の計算結果は 218.051 gtt/min です。 この練習問題のルールは「滴下速度は、最も近い整数の滴数に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。

練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 ある点滴が 19:15 に始まり、翌朝の 04:30 に終了しました（24時間表記）。何時間 t 続きましたか。答えは時間の小数で、小数第2位に丸めてください。

患者の体重は 30 kg で、1 回量として 30 mg/kg が指示されています。投与量 D を mg で求めなさい。

25%（w/v）の原液から 2%（w/v）の溶液を 200 mL 調製する必要があります。 原液は何 mL V₁ 必要ですか？

15 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1000 mL を 12 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。

バッグに薬剤 2 g が 250 mL 中に含まれています。指示は 1 分あたり 3 mg です。ポンプを何 mL/h の速度 R に設定しますか？

練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 99 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。

練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 500 mL の輸液を 11:00 に 125 mL/h で開始します。3 時間後に流量を 150 mL/h に変更し、その後は変更しません。開始から何時間後 t にバッグは空になりますか？ 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。

練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 練習用の患者をブレーデンスケールで評価します：知覚の認知: 全く知覚できない; 湿潤: 常に湿っている; 活動性: ときどき歩行可能; 可動性: かなり制限されている; 栄養状態: 非常に良好; 摩擦とずれ: 潜在的に問題あり。ブレーデンスケールの合計 B を求めてください。

練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 ある成人の体重は 101 kg、身長は 181 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。

1. 1低体重（やせ）
2. 2普通体重
3. 3過体重
4. 4肥満クラスI
5. 5肥満クラスII
6. 6肥満クラスIII