A patient with severe neutropenia needs a room. Which roommate is the safest choice?
AA patient with an infected, draining leg wound
BA patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
CA patient with influenza
DA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
After a vaginal birth, the uterus is firm and central, but bright red blood keeps trickling steadily. What should the nurse suspect?
AA tear in the birth canal or cervix
BNormal lochia for the first hour
CA full bladder pushing the uterus aside
DUterine atony that needs more massage
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which drug is first-line in an acute asthma attack?
AAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine taken every few hours
BA long-acting inhaled corticosteroid, used alone at a higher dose
CAn oral beta-blocker
DA nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
An older patient found on the floor after lying there for many hours has dark brown urine and a very high creatine kinase. What is the main risk?
AHypoglycaemia
BA urinary tract infection from lying in urine
CAcute kidney injury from rhabdomyolysis
DA stroke
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?
ADigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
BThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
CSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
DThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with a serum albumin of 1.9 g/dL (19 g/L) has signs of phenytoin toxicity, although the total phenytoin level is in the usual range. What is the most likely explanation?
ALow albumin stops phenytoin from crossing into the brain
BLow albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
CLow albumin makes the liver clear phenytoin much faster
DLow albumin makes the total level falsely high in all cases
11.薬理学ふつう
Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?
ARapid rise in cholesterol
BPericarditis caused by infection
CCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
DSevere hypertension during the infusion itself
12.薬理学むずかしい
Before starting long-term bisphosphonate treatment, a patient is advised to have a dental check-up. Why?
AThey are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery
BBisphosphonates stain the teeth black if taken for many years
CBisphosphonates cause severe gum overgrowth
DBisphosphonates dissolve tooth enamel within weeks
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
末梢動脈疾患の患者が夜間に脚の痛みを訴えています。楽になる可能性のある体位はどれですか?
Aベッドの端から脚を下に垂らす
B脚を枕の上で心臓より高く上げる
C湯たんぽを足に直接当てる
D脚を圧迫包帯で巻く
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?
A"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."
B"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
C"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."
D"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."
A return demonstration shows whether a psychomotor skill has been learned and lets the nurse correct mistakes. Saying "yes, I understand" does not prove the technique is right.
答え
A · Ask the patient to show how they use it
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · The patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
これが答えになる理由
Confused patients may climb over rails and fall from a greater height or become trapped between the rail and mattress. Alternatives such as low beds and close observation are often safer.
答え
C · The patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
答え: B · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
これが答えになる理由
A neutropenic patient cannot fight infection well, so the roommate must not have a transmissible infection. A clean postoperative patient is the safest choice; ideally the neutropenic patient has a single room.
答え
B · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · A tear in the birth canal or cervix
これが答えになる理由
Continuous bright red bleeding with a firm uterus suggests a laceration of the cervix, vagina or perineum. The nurse reports it so it can be found and repaired.
答え
A · A tear in the birth canal or cervix
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · A nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
これが答えになる理由
Short-acting beta2-agonists relieve bronchospasm within minutes. Oxygen to target, steroids and other treatments are added according to severity.
答え
D · A nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Acute kidney injury from rhabdomyolysis
これが答えになる理由
Prolonged pressure on muscles causes rhabdomyolysis, releasing myoglobin and potassium. Myoglobin can block kidney tubules; treatment includes IV fluids and close monitoring of urine output and electrolytes.
答え
C · Acute kidney injury from rhabdomyolysis
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
これが答えになる理由
Blood in the upper gut is digested, and the absorbed protein is converted to urea, so the BUN rises out of proportion to the creatinine. Reduced kidney blood flow from volume loss can add to the rise.確認に用いた資料:BUN - blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Low albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
これが答えになる理由
Phenytoin is highly protein bound, and only the free drug is active. When albumin is low, more phenytoin is free, so toxicity can occur with a "normal" total level. A free phenytoin level or a corrected level helps.確認に用いた資料:Phenytoin · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023); Antiepileptic Drug Monitoring · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)
答え
B · Low albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
11.薬理学
答え: C · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin can damage heart muscle, and the risk increases with cumulative dose. Heart function is assessed before and during treatment; the drug can also turn urine red.
答え
C · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
12.薬理学
答え: A · They are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery
これが答えになる理由
Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a rare but serious adverse effect, mostly after invasive dental work. Dental problems are treated before starting, and good oral hygiene is maintained.
答え
A · They are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery
答え: B · "Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
これが答えになる理由
Delegated tasks should come with specific parameters for reporting. Changing oxygen therapy, chest assessment and patient teaching need a registered nurse's knowledge and judgement. Clear reporting instructions keep the patient safe.
答え
B · "Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
答え: B · Treat it as very high, check ketones and escalate
これが答えになる理由
"HI" means the glucose is above the meter's upper range. In a drowsy patient this may be DKA or HHS. A laboratory glucose, ketones, observations and urgent medical review are needed.
答え
B · Treat it as very high, check ketones and escalate
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · An underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
これが答えになる理由
Risk factors include a low BMI, little or no intake for over 5 days, significant weight loss, alcohol misuse and low electrolytes before feeding. These patients start nutrition slowly with electrolyte monitoring.
答え
C · An underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Report it; this is hand-foot syndrome and treatment may need changing
これが答えになる理由
Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia (hand-foot syndrome) is common with capecitabine and fluorouracil. It is graded and may need a treatment break or dose reduction; emollients and avoiding heat and friction help.
答え
C · Report it; this is hand-foot syndrome and treatment may need changing
答え: A · It may be a sign of an underlying spinal defect
これが答えになる理由
A sacral dimple with a hair tuft, swelling or skin change may indicate spina bifida occulta or a tethered cord. It should be reported, and spinal ultrasound is often arranged.
答え
A · It may be a sign of an underlying spinal defect
答え: C · If still awake after about 20 minutes, get up, do something calm and return when sleepy
これが答えになる理由
Stimulus control strengthens the bed as a cue for sleep. Getting up when unable to sleep, using the bed only for sleep and intimacy, and keeping a regular wake time are key parts.
答え
C · If still awake after about 20 minutes, get up, do something calm and return when sleepy
24.精神看護
答え: D · Evidence of conduct disorder starting before age 15
これが答えになる理由
Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed in adults aged 18 or older, and there must be evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15.
答え
D · Evidence of conduct disorder starting before age 15
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1日の容量
40 mL/h × 24 h = 960 mL
リットルで
V = 960/1000 = 0.96 L
答え
V = 0.96 L
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 312.5 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
25·25 = 625 mg
1 回あたり
D = 625/2 = 312.5 mg
答え
D = 312.5 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V₁ = 5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
原液の量
V₁ = 1·250/50 = 5 mL
答え
V₁ = 5 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 360 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 11/min → 1
SpO₂ 97% → 0
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 112 mmHg → 0
HR 110/min → 1
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 35.2 °C → 1
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 1 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 5
3点のパラメータはありません。
リスク群
中
答え
中
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。