A nursing assistant has twice not reported abnormal vital signs to the RN. What is the RN’s best action?
AStop delegating any tasks to the assistant for the rest of the year
BTalk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
CSay nothing to the assistant and quietly recheck all of the assistant’s vital signs in secret
DComplain about the assistant to the patients during care
7.臨床看護学ふつう
急性虚血性脳卒中に対する静注血栓溶解療法は、一般にどの時間内に行われますか?
A症状の発症から 48 時間以内
B1 週間以内ならいつでも
C発症から 4.5 時間以内
D24 時間を過ぎてからのみ
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with a central venous catheter needs the line removed. Which position reduces the risk of air embolism during removal of a neck or chest line?
ALying on the right side with the legs raised
BLying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
CStanding up and walking
DSitting fully upright and taking a deep breath in as the line comes out
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
重度の肝疾患と羽ばたき振戦のある患者の錯乱の原因を、最もよく反映する検査値はどれですか?
A血清リパーゼの低下
B血清カリウムの低下のみ
Cトロポニンの上昇
D血清アンモニアの上昇
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has taken metformin for 8 years and now has numbness in the feet, a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL (102 g/L) and an MCV of 108 fL. Which deficiency is most likely?
AVitamin K deficiency
BIron deficiency from gut loss
CVitamin D (calciferol) deficiency
DVitamin B12 deficiency
11.薬理学ふつう
Which patient should usually not use the combined oral contraceptive pill?
AA 22-year-old non-smoker with acne
BA 38-year-old woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day
CA 25-year-old woman with heavy periods
DA 30-year-old non-smoker with no medical problems
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking warfarin asks for something for a headache. Which drug is usually the safest choice?
AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
BNaproxen
CAspirin
DIbuprofen, at the lowest dose
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
単純なフェイスマスクで、酸素流量を約5 L/分より低くしてはいけないのはなぜですか?
A低流量では伸縮性のストラップがゆるくなりすぎるから
B低流量では酸素を加湿できないから
C呼気中のCO₂がマスク内にたまり、再呼吸されるから
D低流量ではマスクが酸素を送りすぎるから
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?
A"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
B"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
C"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
D"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?
AReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
BTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption
CDouble the dose if a seizure happens
DExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
AChecking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
BTeaching a new patient how to inject insulin
CDeciding the dose of correction insulin from the glucose result
DAssessing a confused patient whose glucose is 2.6 mmol/L (47 mg/dL)
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?
AThe air always makes the tube block
BIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside
CAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
DThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
看護師が、細胞毒性薬を少量、床にこぼしてしまいました。正しい対応はどれですか?
Aペーパータオルで拭き取り、一般ごみ箱に入れる
BPPEを着けてスピルキットを使い、清掃し、細胞毒性廃棄物として袋に入れ、報告する
C病棟のモップで拭き取り、汚物処理室でモップをすすぐ
D蒸発するのに任せ、数分間人を近づけない
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which drug is a known teratogen that must be stopped before a planned pregnancy?
What should the nurse do before giving a dose of digoxin to an infant?
AMeasure the blood pressure and give the dose only if it is above the normal range
BCount the radial pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by four
CCount the apical pulse for a full minute and check it against the prescribed limits
DMeasure the temperature and give the dose only if there is no fever
22.小児看護むずかしい
The nurse has taught the parents of a newborn about safe sleep. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"We will put a soft bumper and a pillow in the cot so she is comfortable."
B"We will put her on her back for every sleep, including naps."
C"We will keep her cot in our bedroom for the first months."
D"Nobody will smoke in the house or in the car."
23.精神看護ふつう
患者のリチウム濃度を測定するための採血は、いつ行うべきですか?
A最後の服用の 1 時間後
B最後の服用の約 12 時間後
C違いはないので、1 日のうちいつでもよい
D朝の服用の直後
24.精神看護むずかしい
An 83-year-old becomes confused and constipated and cannot pass urine. She takes amitriptyline, oxybutynin and an over-the-counter sleep aid with diphenhydramine. What is the most likely cause?
AThe normal effects of ageing
BSudden-onset Alzheimer's disease
CA sign that she needs a higher dose of amitriptyline
DThe combined anticholinergic effects of her medicines
答え: B · Increasing sedation usually comes before respiratory depression
これが答えになる理由
Patients usually become drowsy before their breathing slows dangerously. Checking sedation with a simple scale alongside respiratory rate allows early action.
答え
B · Increasing sedation usually comes before respiratory depression
答え: B · Talk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
これが答えになる理由
The RN gives direct, private feedback, restates the reporting limits and increases supervision. If the problem continues, it is escalated to the manager according to policy.
答え
B · Talk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
答え: B · Lying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
これが答えになる理由
A flat or head-down position and a Valsalva manoeuvre or breath-hold raise central venous pressure, reducing the risk of air being drawn in. An occlusive dressing is then applied.
答え
B · Lying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
Long-term metformin reduces vitamin B12 absorption in the gut. B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia and peripheral neuropathy, which can be mistaken for diabetic neuropathy. Periodic B12 testing is recommended for long-term users.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Vitamin B12 deficiency
11.薬理学
答え: B · A 38-year-old woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day
これが答えになる理由
Smoking over the age of 35 greatly increases the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke with combined hormonal contraception. Progestogen-only or non-hormonal methods are preferred.
答え
B · A 38-year-old woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day
12.薬理学
答え: A · Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
これが答えになる理由
NSAIDs and aspirin impair platelet function and can cause GI bleeding, which adds to warfarin's bleeding risk. Paracetamol is usually preferred, though regular high doses can raise the INR.
答え: D · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
これが答えになる理由
In SBAR, the recommendation states clearly what the nurse needs and how quickly, such as a review within a set time. The other statements belong to situation, background and assessment. Structured communication reduces delays in escalation.
答え
D · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Report any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
これが答えになる理由
Lamotrigine can cause serious skin reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome, most often in the first weeks or with rapid dose increases. Any new rash needs prompt review.
答え
A · Report any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Checking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
これが答えになる理由
Trained assistants can measure and record glucose and report abnormal results. Dose decisions, teaching and the assessment of an unstable patient need the registered nurse.
答え
A · Checking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Air can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
これが答えになる理由
Auscultation of injected air cannot distinguish the stomach from the lungs or oesophagus, and misplaced tubes have caused deaths. pH testing of aspirate or X-ray is used instead.
答え
C · Air can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
Isotretinoin causes severe birth defects, so pregnancy must be prevented during treatment and for a period afterwards. Paracetamol is the usual analgesic in pregnancy, and levothyroxine should be continued.
答え: C · Count the apical pulse for a full minute and check it against the prescribed limits
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin slows the heart rate and has a narrow therapeutic range. The apical pulse is counted for a full minute before each dose, and the dose is withheld and reported if the rate is below the limit set by the prescriber or local policy.
答え
C · Count the apical pulse for a full minute and check it against the prescribed limits
22.小児看護
答え: A · "We will put a soft bumper and a pillow in the cot so she is comfortable."
これが答えになる理由
Soft bedding, pillows and bumpers increase the risk of suffocation and sudden infant death. Back sleeping, a separate cot in the parents' room and a smoke-free environment all reduce the risk.
答え
A · "We will put a soft bumper and a pillow in the cot so she is comfortable."
答え: D · The combined anticholinergic effects of her medicines
これが答えになる理由
Several drugs with anticholinergic effects add up, increasing the risk of delirium, constipation and urinary retention in older adults. A medicine review aims to reduce the total anticholinergic burden.
答え
D · The combined anticholinergic effects of her medicines
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 39 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
102.2 − 32 = 70.2
5/9を掛ける
T = 70.2·5/9 = 39 °C
答え
T = 39 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 3.6 L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1日の容量
150 mL/h × 24 h = 3600 mL
リットルで
V = 3600/1000 = 3.6 L
答え
V = 3.6 L
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 450 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
投与量
25·18 = 450 mg
答え
D = 450 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: R = 48 mL/h
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 23/min → 2
SpO₂ 97% → 0
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 112 mmHg → 0
HR 82/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.0 °C → 0
足す
NEWS2 = 2 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 4
答え
NEWS2 = 4
34.臨床アセスメントスコア
答え: 中
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 22/min → 2
SpO₂ 91% → 3
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 150 mmHg → 0
HR 88/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.1 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 2 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 5
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
中
答え
中
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。