A nurse must care for a patient with a radioactive implant. Which approach best limits the nurse’s exposure?
ALimit time in the room, keep as far away as possible and use shielding
BSpend longer in the room each time but visit less often during the shift
CStand close to the patient to finish care faster
DWear a surgical mask to block the radiation
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which mask is required for staff during an aerosol-generating procedure on a patient with a respiratory infection spread by aerosols?
AA cloth face covering
BA standard fluid-repellent surgical mask with a visor
CNo mask, as long as gloves are worn
DA fit-tested respirator mask (such as FFP3 or N95)
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
How should pain be assessed in a patient with advanced dementia who cannot describe it?
ABy checking the blood pressure only
BWith an observational pain tool that scores facial expression, behaviour and body language
CBy asking the patient to rate their pain on a numerical scale from 0 to 10
DBy assuming the patient has no pain unless they are crying out or calling for help
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
When several samples are drawn at the same venipuncture, which tubes or bottles are filled first?
ACoagulation (citrate) tubes
BBlood culture bottles
CFluoride (glucose) tubes
DEDTA (complete blood count) tubes
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient started methimazole for hyperthyroidism 6 weeks ago and now has a fever and a severe sore throat. Which action is most important?
AAdvise the patient to continue the drug and drink more fluid
BHold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
CCheck the TSH and double the dose if it is still low
DGive the next dose and suggest warm salt-water gargles for comfort
11.薬理学ふつう
Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?
ARapid rise in cholesterol
BPericarditis caused by infection
CCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
DSevere hypertension during the infusion itself
12.薬理学むずかしい
An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?
Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?
AIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
BIt raises potassium to protect the heart
CIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
DIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a young adult with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will tell my friends what to do if I have a seizure."
B"As long as I take my tablets, I can swim alone."
C"I will take a shower rather than a bath."
D"I will keep a record of any seizures I have."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?
AThe kidneys stop making urine completely
BThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
CLeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
DPatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Using the adult rule of nines, what is the total burn area of the whole right arm plus the whole front of the trunk (both with partial-thickness burns)?
答え: C · On their side with the head turned, with suction ready
これが答えになる理由
Side-lying lets fluid drain from the mouth instead of into the airway. Only small amounts of fluid are used, and suction is kept at hand to reduce the risk of aspiration.
答え
C · On their side with the head turned, with suction ready
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · They may have neutropenic sepsis, which can quickly become fatal
これが答えになる理由
Patients with a low neutrophil count may have few signs of infection apart from fever and can deteriorate fast. Urgent assessment and IV antibiotics, usually within an hour, are needed.
答え
C · They may have neutropenic sepsis, which can quickly become fatal
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · To check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
これが答えになる理由
Regular, planned rounding that addresses pain, toileting, positioning and possessions within reach reduces falls and call-light use. The call light stays within reach as well.
答え
B · To check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Stay home and inform the employer according to the illness policy
これが答えになる理由
Health care workers with signs of influenza should not work, because they can infect patients and colleagues. They follow the employer’s policy on when they may return.
答え
D · Stay home and inform the employer according to the illness policy
答え: A · Limit time in the room, keep as far away as possible and use shielding
これが答えになる理由
Radiation exposure falls with less time, more distance and shielding. Care is planned to be efficient, and a surgical mask does not protect against radiation.
答え
A · Limit time in the room, keep as far away as possible and use shielding
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · A fit-tested respirator mask (such as FFP3 or N95)
これが答えになる理由
Aerosol-generating procedures, such as intubation, release small infectious particles. Respirators that are fit-tested protect the wearer, while surgical masks mainly protect against droplets.
答え
D · A fit-tested respirator mask (such as FFP3 or N95)
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · With an observational pain tool that scores facial expression, behaviour and body language
これが答えになる理由
Observational tools such as PAINAD or the Abbey Pain Scale help assess pain in people who cannot self-report. Family and carers can describe changes in usual behaviour.
答え
B · With an observational pain tool that scores facial expression, behaviour and body language
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Blood culture bottles
これが答えになる理由
Blood cultures are drawn first to reduce contamination. A standard order of draw then follows (citrate, serum, heparin, EDTA, fluoride), which prevents additives being carried from one tube into the next and distorting results.
答え
B · Blood culture bottles
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
これが答えになる理由
Methimazole and propylthiouracil can cause agranulocytosis, often in the first months of therapy. Fever or sore throat must be reported at once; the drug is held and a CBC with differential is checked. Infection is treated urgently if neutrophils are low.
答え
B · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
11.薬理学
答え: C · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin can damage heart muscle, and the risk increases with cumulative dose. Heart function is assessed before and during treatment; the drug can also turn urine red.
答え
C · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
12.薬理学
答え: A · Low serum magnesium
これが答えになる理由
Long-term PPI use can cause hypomagnesaemia, which leads to cramps, tremor and arrhythmias. Other long-term risks include fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency and C. difficile infection.
答え: C · It protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
これが答えになる理由
ACE inhibitors and ARBs reduce glomerular pressure, lower albuminuria and slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease, as well as treating blood pressure. Potassium and creatinine are checked after starting them.
答え
C · It protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · "As long as I take my tablets, I can swim alone."
これが答えになる理由
People with epilepsy should never swim alone, even if their seizures are well controlled. Showers are safer than baths. Telling friends about first aid and keeping a seizure diary are good practice.
答え
B · "As long as I take my tablets, I can swim alone."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Leaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
これが答えになる理由
Inflammatory mediators make capillaries leaky, so plasma moves into the tissues and from the burn surface. Without fluids this causes burn shock; oedema is greatest in the first day or two.
答え
C · Leaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · 27%
これが答えになる理由
The whole arm is 9% and the front of the trunk 18%, giving 27% total body surface area. Superficial (redness only) areas would not be counted.
答え: D · Nausea, vomiting, poor feeding and a slow heart rate
これが答えになる理由
Early signs of digoxin toxicity in children include anorexia, nausea, vomiting and bradycardia or other arrhythmias. Low potassium increases the risk of toxicity, so potassium levels are monitored.
答え
D · Nausea, vomiting, poor feeding and a slow heart rate
答え: D · Recall of three words and a clock-drawing task
これが答えになる理由
The Mini-Cog combines a three-word recall with drawing a clock face. It is a quick screen; an abnormal result needs a fuller assessment.
答え
D · Recall of three words and a clock-drawing task
24.精神看護
答え: C · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
これが答えになる理由
Long-term avoidance strengthens anxiety. A gradual, planned return, short and predictable goodbyes, praise for brave behaviour and cooperation between parents and school, often with CBT, help the child cope.
答え
C · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 14/min → 0
SpO₂ 93% → 2
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 100 mmHg → 2
HR 76/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.3 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 2 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 4
3点のパラメータはありません。
リスク群
低
答え
低
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