A patient with depression has suddenly become calm and is giving away personal possessions. What does this suggest?
AThat the patient is now ready for discharge today
BThat the depression has resolved and observation can be reduced
CThat the patient wants to make new friends on the unit
DA possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse has given rapid-acting insulin, and then learns that the patient’s meal tray will be 45 minutes late. What should the nurse do?
ATell the patient to wait and do nothing until the tray comes
BGet the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
CAsk the patient to walk around the ward until the food arrives
DGive a second, smaller dose of insulin when the meal tray finally arrives
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Two call lights go on at the same time. One patient has pain of 7/10 after surgery. The other is a confused patient at high risk of falls who is climbing out of bed alone. Who does the nurse go to first?
AThe patient in pain after surgery
BWhichever patient’s room is closer to the station
CThe patient whose call light went on first
DThe confused patient climbing out of bed
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which statement about storing insulin is correct?
AUnopened insulin is kept in the fridge and must not be frozen
BAll insulin should be stored in the freezer to keep it fresh
CInsulin should be kept in direct sunlight
DInsulin never expires once opened
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion is also started on warfarin. Which tests are used to monitor each drug?
AINR for heparin and APTT for warfarin
BAPTT for heparin and INR for warfarin
CD-dimer for both drugs
DPlatelet count for both drugs
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
When is a peak level for an IV aminoglycoside such as gentamicin usually drawn?
AExactly 24 hours after the first dose
BAt any time convenient for the patient
CJust before the next dose is started
DAbout 30 minutes after the infusion ends
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has eaten very little for 2 weeks and has received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The INR is now 2.3 without warfarin, and the platelets are normal. What is the most likely cause?
AVitamin K deficiency
BIron-deficiency anemia
CImmune thrombocytopenia
DHemophilia A
11.薬理学ふつう
A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?
AOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive
BAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer
COnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level
DAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
12.薬理学むずかしい
Two days after starting chemotherapy for a leukaemia with a high white cell count, a patient has reduced urine output. Which lab pattern suggests tumour lysis syndrome?
ANormal electrolytes with a high haemoglobin
BHigh sodium, high glucose and low potassium
CLow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
DHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
Only one negative-pressure room is available. Which child should be placed in it?
AA child with impetigo
BA child with RSV bronchiolitis
CA child with suspected measles
DA child with norovirus gastroenteritis and vomiting
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient taking fluoxetine says she has started taking St John's wort to feel even better. What is the main risk?
ALithium toxicity
BSerotonin syndrome
CAgranulocytosis
DHypertensive crisis from tyramine
24.精神看護むずかしい
After her house burned down, a woman developed delusions and disorganised speech. Ten days later the symptoms have gone completely and she is back to normal. Which diagnosis best fits?
ASchizophreniform disorder
BDelusional disorder
CSchizophrenia
DBrief psychotic disorder
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重の換算結果は 93.6161 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
93.6161 kg
x = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴は 8 mg/h を投与します。この投与速度 D を mcg/min で表してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
8 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 38 kg の子どもに、5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
38 kg5 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 460 マイクログラムです。アンプルは 2 mg/mL を含みます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
460 mcg2 mg/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
60 滴/mL の輸液セットで 500 mL を 10 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
500 mL10 h60 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
1500 mL を 10 時間で投与するよう指示されています。6 時間後、バッグにまだ 740 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 元のポンプ速度を何パーセント Δ 上げる必要がありますか?
1500 mL / 10 h経過時間 6 h: 740 mL
Δ = %
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
The bell picks up low-pitched sounds and must be held lightly. The diaphragm, pressed firmly, is used for high-pitched sounds such as normal breath, bowel and heart sounds.
答え
A · The bell, placed lightly on the skin
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
これが答えになる理由
Routine help with care for a stable patient can be delegated. Assessment, teaching and evaluation need registered nurse judgement.
答え: D · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
これが答えになる理由
A sudden improvement in mood with giving away belongings can mean the person has made a plan. The nurse assesses suicide risk directly, increases observation and informs the team.
答え
D · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Get the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
これが答えになる理由
Rapid-acting insulin starts working within minutes, so a long delay before eating risks hypoglycemia. The nurse arranges food or carbohydrate now and monitors the glucose.
答え
B · Get the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · The confused patient climbing out of bed
これが答えになる理由
A confused patient climbing out of bed could fall and be badly injured within moments. Pain needs prompt treatment, but the immediate safety risk comes first.
答え
D · The confused patient climbing out of bed
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Unopened insulin is kept in the fridge and must not be frozen
これが答えになる理由
Unopened insulin is refrigerated; in-use pens or vials are usually kept at room temperature for a limited time stated by the manufacturer. Frozen or overheated insulin must be discarded.
答え
A · Unopened insulin is kept in the fridge and must not be frozen
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · APTT for heparin and INR for warfarin
これが答えになる理由
The APTT reflects the intrinsic pathway and is used to adjust heparin infusions. Warfarin is monitored by the INR, a standardised prothrombin time. Platelets are also checked on heparin to detect HIT.
答え
B · APTT for heparin and INR for warfarin
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · About 30 minutes after the infusion ends
これが答えになる理由
Peak aminoglycoside levels are usually drawn about 30 minutes after a 30-minute infusion ends, to confirm the level is high enough to kill bacteria. Troughs, drawn just before the next dose, check for accumulation. Local protocols may differ, especially with once-daily dosing.
答え
D · About 30 minutes after the infusion ends
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Vitamin K deficiency
これが答えになる理由
Vitamin K comes from the diet and from gut bacteria. Poor intake plus antibiotics can cause vitamin K deficiency, which lowers factors II, VII, IX and X and prolongs the PT/INR. Vitamin K replacement corrects it.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin K Deficiency in Neonates and Adults (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Prothrombin time (PT) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Vitamin K deficiency
11.薬理学
答え: D · As soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
これが答えになる理由
Post-exposure prophylaxis aims to stop infection becoming established. It works best when started within hours, is not started after 72 hours, and is usually taken for 28 days.
答え
D · As soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
12.薬理学
答え: D · High potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
これが答えになる理由
Rapid tumour cell death releases potassium, phosphate and nucleic acids (which become uric acid). Phosphate binds calcium, lowering it; prevention includes IV fluids and drugs that lower uric acid.
答え
D · High potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
答え: C · Stop smoking, control BP and seek help at once for sudden back pain
これが答えになる理由
Small aneurysms are usually monitored with regular ultrasound, with repair considered when they reach a threshold size or grow fast. Stopping smoking slows growth, and BP and cardiovascular risk are managed. Sudden abdominal or back pain may mean rupture and needs emergency care.
答え
C · Stop smoking, control BP and seek help at once for sudden back pain
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · To catch the stone so it can be analysed
これが答えになる理由
A passed stone can be sent for analysis. Its composition guides diet and drug advice to prevent recurrence. Straining also confirms that the stone has passed.
答え
B · To catch the stone so it can be analysed
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Urgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
これが答えになる理由
Missing dialysis causes fluid overload and hyperkalaemia, both of which can be fatal. The patient needs cardiac monitoring, emergency treatment of the potassium and urgent dialysis to remove fluid and potassium.
答え
D · Urgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Less pain and a shorter hospital stay
これが答えになる理由
Smaller incisions usually mean less pain, faster mobilisation, fewer wound complications and shorter stays. There are still risks, including injury to organs and shoulder-tip pain from the gas.
答え
D · Less pain and a shorter hospital stay
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Oral candidiasis
これが答えになる理由
Oral thrush is common during chemotherapy, especially with steroids or antibiotics. It is reported so that antifungal treatment can be prescribed, and good oral care continues.
答え
B · Oral candidiasis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · It can be normal soon after birth
これが答えになる理由
Leucocytosis is common in labour and the early postnatal period. It must be interpreted with clinical signs such as fever, pain and lochia changes rather than on its own.
Negative-pressure rooms are for airborne infections such as measles, chickenpox and tuberculosis. RSV mainly needs contact (and often droplet) precautions, impetigo contact precautions and norovirus contact precautions with strict hand hygiene.
答え
C · A child with suspected measles
23.精神看護
答え: B · Serotonin syndrome
これが答えになる理由
St John's wort has serotonergic effects, so combining it with an SSRI can cause serotonin syndrome. It also induces liver enzymes and interacts with many other drugs, so patients should tell the prescriber about herbal products.
答え
B · Serotonin syndrome
24.精神看護
答え: D · Brief psychotic disorder
これが答えになる理由
Brief psychotic disorder lasts at least 1 day but less than 1 month, followed by a full return to the previous level of functioning. It may follow a severe stressor.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 11/min → 1
SpO₂ 97% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 112 mmHg → 0
HR 70/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 38.1 °C → 1
足す
NEWS2 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 2
答え
NEWS2 = 2
34.臨床アセスメントスコア
答え: 低~中
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 26/min → 3
SpO₂ 96% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 106 mmHg → 1
HR 82/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.0 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 3 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 4
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
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