An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?
AUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
BOlder adults often show infection as confusion
CConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
DA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with type 1 diabetes has a seizure on the ward. Their capillary glucose is 1.9 mmol/L (34 mg/dL). They cannot swallow. What is the most appropriate treatment?
AIV glucose or IM glucagon, then recheck the glucose
BAn antiepileptic drug only, because seizures need seizure treatment
CGlucose gel squeezed into the mouth during the seizure
DA rapid-acting insulin dose to stabilise the glucose
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
麻痺性イレウスとは何ですか?
A腫瘍による腸管内腔の閉塞
B血液供給を絶つ大腸のねじれ
C発熱を伴う腸壁の感染症
D物理的な閉塞を伴わない腸の動きの消失
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient arrives in the anaesthetic room without an identity band. What should the nurse do?
AStop and confirm identity, then apply a band
BUse the spare identity band from the front of the patient's notes folder
CProceed and add a band once in recovery
DProceed because the patient can say their name
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
子宮頻収縮(タキシストール)を定義するパターンはどれですか?
A60 秒間続く収縮
B10 分間に 2 回を超える収縮
C30 分間の平均で、10 分間に 5 回を超える収縮
D分娩初期に 5 分ごとに起こり、それぞれ 60 秒続く収縮
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A pregnant woman involved in a car crash asks how to wear a seat belt. Which instruction is correct?
ADo not wear a seat belt in pregnancy
BWear only the shoulder part of the belt
CLap belt under the bump, shoulder belt between the breasts
DPut the lap belt across the top of the bump, above the uterus
21.小児看護ふつう
Which is the main modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes in adolescents?
ABeing of a particular ethnic background
BObesity with low physical activity
CA viral infection in early childhood
DA family history of diabetes
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 15-year-old with cystic fibrosis has stopped doing her daily physiotherapy. What is the best approach?
AExplore her reasons and plan treatment with her that fits her daily life
BStop the physiotherapy, since she does not want it
CTell her parents to supervise every session until she is 18
DWarn her firmly that she will die soon if she does not do what she is told
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient who has taken lithium for 3 years reports tiredness, weight gain, feeling cold and constipation. Which problem should be checked?
AAgranulocytosis
BHyperthyroidism
CHypothyroidism
DSerotonin syndrome
24.精神看護むずかしい
An 81-year-old woman's memory has slowly worsened over 2 years. She repeats questions and gets lost in familiar places, but she is alert and her attention is normal. Which condition is most likely?
ANormal ageing with mild forgetfulness
BA neurocognitive disorder such as Alzheimer's disease
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 1000 mL のバッグをポンプで 150 mL/h で投与しています。17:00 の時点で 400 mL がすでに投与されています。バッグが空になるまであと何時間 t ですか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
1000 mL400 mL 投与済み150 mL/h
t = h
33.臨床アセスメントスコアふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用のチャートに GCS 9、E3、V2 と記録されています。記録された運動反応のスコア M はいくつで、どの反応を表していますか。数字で答えてください。
GCS 9E3V2
M =
34.臨床アセスメントスコアむずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 109 kg、身長は 170 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
109 kg170 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · It only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
これが答えになる理由
A respirator filters tiny airborne particles only if air passes through the filter, not around a gap. Fit-testing and a fit-check every time it is worn make sure it seals.
答え
A · It only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
これが答えになる理由
Furosemide increases potassium loss in the urine. Hypokalaemia causes muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias, so the result is reported and replacement considered.
答え
D · Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Below the level of the bladder and off the floor
これが答えになる理由
Keeping the bag below the bladder prevents backflow of urine into the bladder, and keeping it off the floor prevents contamination. Both reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.
答え
D · Below the level of the bladder and off the floor
答え: B · Hold the next dose and report for an urgent lithium level
これが答えになる理由
Vomiting, diarrhea and a coarse tremor suggest lithium toxicity. The nurse holds the dose and reports so a serum level can be checked; low salt or fluid intake raises lithium levels further.
答え
B · Hold the next dose and report for an urgent lithium level
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · A vasopressor, such as norepinephrine, to raise the pressure
これが答えになる理由
If hypotension continues after fluid resuscitation, a vasopressor such as norepinephrine is started to keep the MAP at least 65 mmHg. Diuretics and beta-blockers would worsen perfusion.
答え
B · A vasopressor, such as norepinephrine, to raise the pressure
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Low sodium and high potassium
これが答えになる理由
Without aldosterone, the kidneys lose sodium and retain potassium. Patients may also have low blood pressure, low glucose and increased skin pigmentation.
答え: C · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
これが答えになる理由
HbA1c reflects glucose attached to hemoglobin over about 2–3 months, so fasting is not needed. Lower HbA1c values are linked to fewer microvascular complications, and home glucose monitoring is still useful for day-to-day decisions.確認に用いた資料:The A1C Test & Diabetes · NIDDK (NIH) (2018); Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
11.薬理学
答え: A · Take them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine
これが答えになる理由
Bile acid sequestrants bind many drugs, such as warfarin, digoxin and levothyroxine, as well as fat-soluble vitamins. Other drugs are taken about 1 hour before or 4–6 hours after it.
答え
A · Take them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine
答え: A · It can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
これが答えになる理由
Beta-blockers improve survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but they can cause tiredness, low blood pressure, bradycardia and fluid retention when first started. They are therefore started low and increased gradually in stable patients, with monitoring of weight, pulse and BP.
答え
A · It can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
答え: B · Older adults often show infection as confusion
これが答えになる理由
In older adults, infections such as UTI may present with delirium, falls or reduced mobility rather than dysuria or fever. Other causes of delirium must also be considered, and urine tests alone can mislead.
答え
B · Older adults often show infection as confusion
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · IV glucose or IM glucagon, then recheck the glucose
これが答えになる理由
Severe hypoglycaemia can cause seizures. A patient who cannot swallow needs IV glucose, or IM glucagon if there is no IV access. Nothing should be put in the mouth of a fitting or unconscious patient. Glucose is rechecked and a long-acting carbohydrate is given when safe.
答え
A · IV glucose or IM glucagon, then recheck the glucose
答え: A · Stop and confirm identity, then apply a band
これが答えになる理由
Correct identification before anaesthesia prevents wrong-patient surgery. The process stops until identity is confirmed with the patient and records and a band is applied, following the checklist.
答え: C · Lap belt under the bump, shoulder belt between the breasts
これが答えになる理由
The lap belt should sit low under the abdomen across the hips and thighs, with the shoulder belt across the chest and to the side of the bump. Wearing a seat belt greatly reduces maternal and fetal injury.
答え
C · Lap belt under the bump, shoulder belt between the breasts
21.小児看護
答え: B · Obesity with low physical activity
これが答えになる理由
Obesity and inactivity are the main modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes in young people. Family history and ethnicity also raise risk but cannot be changed. Healthy eating and activity are the basis of prevention and treatment.
答え
B · Obesity with low physical activity
22.小児看護
答え: A · Explore her reasons and plan treatment with her that fits her daily life
これが答えになる理由
Adherence often falls in adolescence as young people seek independence and normality. Exploring barriers, involving the teenager in decisions, setting goals together and fitting treatment around school and friends work better than threats.
答え
A · Explore her reasons and plan treatment with her that fits her daily life
23.精神看護
答え: C · Hypothyroidism
これが答えになる理由
Lithium can reduce thyroid hormone production, causing hypothyroidism. Thyroid function is checked regularly, and treatment with levothyroxine allows lithium to be continued if needed.
答え
C · Hypothyroidism
24.精神看護
答え: B · A neurocognitive disorder such as Alzheimer's disease
これが答えになる理由
Gradual, progressive memory loss with impaired daily functioning and normal alertness suggests dementia, most commonly Alzheimer's disease. Delirium is acute and fluctuating with impaired attention.
答え
B · A neurocognitive disorder such as Alzheimer's disease
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
160.6/2.2 = 73 kg
投与量
2·73 = 146 mg
体積
V = (146/200)·5 = 3.65 ≈ 3.7 mL
答え
V = 3.7 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 200 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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