Why are blood cultures usually taken from two separate venipuncture sites?
ATo reduce the total amount of blood taken
BTo make the results come back faster from the laboratory
CBecause each site tests a different antibiotic
DTo help tell a true infection from skin contamination
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During a procedure, a nurse sees that the team is about to start without a time-out. What should the nurse do?
AReport it to the manager at the end of the week
BSay nothing, because the surgeon is responsible for the procedure
CWait and raise the issue after the procedure is finished
DSpeak up clearly and stop the start until the time-out is done
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient on a medical unit tells the nurse he has a plan to end his life and has saved tablets at home. What is the priority action?
AEnsure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
BReassure him that things usually look better in the morning after some sleep
CArrange a psychiatry appointment for next week
DAsk him to promise he will not harm himself
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with a severe asthma attack had a PaCO₂ of 32 mmHg (4.3 kPa) on arrival. An hour later it is 46 mmHg (6.1 kPa), and the patient seems tired. What does this suggest?
AA laboratory error that should be ignored
BRespiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
CThe patient is hyperventilating even more than before and needs calming
DThe asthma is improving, because the PaCO₂ is now near normal
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which tool is commonly used at the bedside to screen for delirium?
AThe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
BThe Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
CThe Braden scale
DThe Glasgow-Blatchford score
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient faints during cannulation, with a slow pulse and pallor, and recovers quickly when laid flat. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling. What is most likely?
AA stroke
BA hypoglycaemic coma
CAnaphylaxis
DVasovagal syncope
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?
AIt stays exactly the same
BIt rises with every week
CIt falls, because GFR rises
DIt rises, because GFR falls
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with advanced chronic kidney disease has a mildly raised troponin that has stayed the same on several tests over months. There is no chest pain and the ECG is unchanged. What is the best interpretation?
AProof of an acute myocardial infarction that needs emergency treatment now
BA chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
CA sign of skeletal muscle injury, because troponin comes from all muscles
DA laboratory error, because troponin is never raised in kidney disease
11.薬理学ふつう
How should oral potassium chloride tablets be taken?
ACrushed and dissolved under the tongue
BLying down straight after the dose
CWith food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
DOn an empty stomach with only a small sip of water, then lie down
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking carbimazole or methimazole (thiamazole) for Graves' disease reports a sore throat and fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?
AAgranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
BThyroid storm; double the next dose of the drug
CHypothyroidism; add levothyroxine at once
DA common cold; advise rest and fluids and continue the drug as usual
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?
ATake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
BStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
CTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
DAvoid all potassium-containing foods
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
看護師が4人の患者のケアを計画しています。最初にアセスメントすべき患者はどれですか?
A毎日の体重測定を待っている、安定した心不全の患者
BSpO₂が90%から83%に低下し、新たな傾眠があるCOPDの患者
C塩分について尋ねている、コントロールされた高血圧の患者
Dドレッシング交換の予定の、静脈性潰瘍のある患者
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient on insulin asks about drinking alcohol. Which advice is correct?
AAlcohol raises glucose, so extra insulin should be taken first
BAlcohol has no effect on blood glucose in people with diabetes
CAlcohol should replace a meal on the days it is drunk
DAlcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
看護師が4人の患者のケアをしています。最初に診るべき患者はどれですか?
Aレボチロキシンの時間になっている、安定した甲状腺機能低下症の患者
B開頭術の後で、右の瞳孔が新たに散大して対光反応が鈍い患者
C排液が透明な、腹膜透析の患者
Dリン吸着薬について尋ねている、CKDの患者
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has pain in the right shoulder. What is the most likely cause?
AA heart attack during the operation
BA dislocated shoulder from patient positioning
CAn allergy to the dressing on the wound
DGas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 5 after a major burn, a patient is confused, with a temperature of 39.2 °C, tachycardia, and an offensive, discoloured wound. What should the nurse suspect?
ADelirium from boredom on the ward
BBurn wound infection with sepsis
CAn allergy to the dressing only
DThe normal hypermetabolic response alone
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
On day 1 after birth, a woman's white cell count is mildly raised and she has no symptoms. How should this be interpreted?
AIt means she has leukaemia
BIt proves she has an infection
CIt can be normal soon after birth
DIt shows she is dehydrated
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with gestational diabetes on insulin asks about her baby after birth. Which statement by the nurse is accurate?
AThe baby will be born with diabetes
BThe baby must not be breastfed in the first week
CThe baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
DThe baby will need insulin for the first days
21.小児看護ふつう
Which signs suggest meningitis in a young infant?
AA bulging fontanelle, a high-pitched cry, poor feeding and irritability
BA clear runny nose, a mild cough and normal feeding
CNeck stiffness and a positive Kernig's sign, as in older children and adults
DA sunken fontanelle with heavy wet nappies
22.小児看護むずかしい
Newborn screening shows congenital hypothyroidism. The parents ask why a baby who looks well needs treatment. What is the best answer?
ATreatment is only cosmetic, to prevent a swollen neck (goitre) developing later in childhood
BWithout early treatment it can cause lasting learning disability and poor growth
CThe baby could pass the condition to other children in the family
DThe baby will develop diabetes if the thyroid is not treated now
23.精神看護ふつう
Which US legal case is associated with the duty of mental health professionals to protect people who are threatened by a patient?
AMiranda v Arizona
BRoe v Wade
CBrown v Board of Education
DTarasoff v Regents of the University of California
24.精神看護むずかしい
An older woman living with her son looks thin and unkempt. She says her son "looks after the money" and she is often hungry. What should the nurse do?
ATalk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
BTell her that she must move out of her son's home at once and stay with friends until the matter is sorted out
CAsk the son in front of her whether he is stealing her money
DIgnore it, because family finances are a private matter
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 投与が 9:40 AM と記録されています。24時間表記で同じ時刻の記載はどれですか。クリックしてください。
9:40 AM
121:40
210:40
308:40
409:40
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 1 tsp / 咳止めシロップ, 1 tbsp / 液体サプリメント, ½ fl oz / ジュース を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 tsp = 5 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
アドレナリン(エピネフリン)のアンプルに 1:1000(1 mg/mL)と表示されています。指示はアナフィラキシーに対する 0.5 mg の筋注(IM)です。吸い上げる量 V はいくらですか?
答え: D · To help tell a true infection from skin contamination
これが答えになる理由
If the same organism grows from both sets, it is more likely to be a true bloodstream infection. Growth in only one set may be contamination from the skin.
答え
D · To help tell a true infection from skin contamination
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Speak up clearly and stop the start until the time-out is done
これが答えになる理由
The time-out is a key step to prevent wrong-patient, wrong-site and wrong-procedure errors. Any team member who sees it being skipped should speak up and halt the procedure until it is done.
答え
D · Speak up clearly and stop the start until the time-out is done
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Ensure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
これが答えになる理由
A patient with a plan and means is at high risk. Safety comes first: constant observation, removal of means and urgent referral. A “no-harm promise” does not protect the patient.
答え
A · Ensure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
これが答えになる理由
Early in an asthma attack, fast breathing lowers the PaCO₂. A rising, “normal” value in a tiring patient means they can no longer move enough air, which is a warning sign of respiratory failure.
答え
B · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
これが答えになる理由
The CAM, and similar tools such as the 4AT, check for an acute onset or fluctuating course, inattention and disorganised thinking or altered consciousness. Early detection allows causes to be treated.
答え
A · The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Vasovagal syncope
これが答えになる理由
Vasovagal syncope is a reflex drop in heart rate and blood pressure triggered by pain, fear or needles. Anaphylaxis would usually include skin, airway or breathing features and a fast pulse.
答え
D · Vasovagal syncope
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · It falls, because GFR rises
これが答えになる理由
In pregnancy, kidney blood flow and GFR rise by about 50%, so creatinine falls below non-pregnant values. A creatinine that looks "normal" for a non-pregnant adult may indicate reduced kidney function in pregnancy.
答え
C · It falls, because GFR rises
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · A chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
これが答えになる理由
Troponin is often chronically raised in CKD and other conditions. Acute infarction is diagnosed by a rise and/or fall in troponin together with symptoms or ECG changes, so serial results are compared with the patient's baseline.確認に用いた資料:Troponin Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
B · A chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
11.薬理学
答え: C · With food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
これが答えになる理由
Oral potassium can cause nausea and, if a tablet lodges, ulceration of the oesophagus or gut. Taking it with food and plenty of water and staying upright reduces this; levels are monitored.
答え
C · With food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
12.薬理学
答え: A · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
これが答えになる理由
Thionamides can cause agranulocytosis, which leaves the patient unable to fight infection. Sore throat, fever or mouth ulcers need an urgent full blood count, and the drug is stopped while waiting.
答え
A · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Take the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
これが答えになる理由
Alpha-blockers can cause marked first-dose postural hypotension. Taking the first dose at bedtime and rising slowly reduces the risk of falls. They are also used for symptoms of an enlarged prostate.
答え
C · Take the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
答え: D · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
これが答えになる理由
Alcohol reduces the liver's release of glucose, so it increases the risk of hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed for many hours. Patients should eat carbohydrate, check glucose before bed and tell friends that a hypo can look like drunkenness.
答え
D · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
答え: D · Gas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm
これが答えになる理由
Carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen irritates the diaphragm, causing referred shoulder-tip pain. It usually settles within a few days; walking and simple analgesia help.
答え
D · Gas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Burn wound infection with sepsis
これが答えになる理由
Burn patients are at high risk of infection. Wound changes with systemic deterioration suggest sepsis, needing urgent escalation, cultures, IV antibiotics and wound review. The hypermetabolic state causes mild fever, but not these wound changes.
答え
B · Burn wound infection with sepsis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · It can be normal soon after birth
これが答えになる理由
Leucocytosis is common in labour and the early postnatal period. It must be interpreted with clinical signs such as fever, pain and lochia changes rather than on its own.
答え
C · It can be normal soon after birth
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · The baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
これが答えになる理由
Babies of mothers with diabetes may have high insulin levels after birth, causing hypoglycaemia. Early, frequent feeding, often skin-to-skin, and glucose monitoring per protocol are standard.
答え
C · The baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
21.小児看護
答え: A · A bulging fontanelle, a high-pitched cry, poor feeding and irritability
これが答えになる理由
Young infants with meningitis may have non-specific signs: fever or low temperature, poor feeding, lethargy or irritability, a high-pitched cry and a bulging fontanelle. Neck stiffness is often absent at this age.
答え
A · A bulging fontanelle, a high-pitched cry, poor feeding and irritability
22.小児看護
答え: B · Without early treatment it can cause lasting learning disability and poor growth
これが答えになる理由
Thyroid hormone is vital for brain development and growth. Untreated congenital hypothyroidism causes permanent intellectual disability, which is why it is screened for and treated early, before symptoms appear.
答え
B · Without early treatment it can cause lasting learning disability and poor growth
23.精神看護
答え: D · Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California
これが答えになる理由
In Tarasoff (California, 1976), the court held that therapists have a duty to take reasonable steps to protect an identifiable person from a serious threat made by a patient. Similar principles exist in many jurisdictions.
答え
D · Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California
24.精神看護
答え: A · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
これが答えになる理由
Signs of financial abuse and neglect require a private conversation, careful documentation and reporting through safeguarding procedures. Confrontation could increase the risk to her.
答え
A · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
½ fl oz = 0.5·30 = 15 mL
足す
V = 5 + 15 + 15 = 35 mL
答え
V = 35 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 14/min → 0
SpO₂ 93% → 2
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 136 mmHg → 0
HR 126/min → 2
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 39.2 °C → 2
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 2 = 6
3点のパラメータはありません。
リスク群
中
答え
中
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。