CRespiratory rate 18/min, alert, systolic BP 130 mmHg, temperature 38.5 °C
DRespiratory rate 16/min, alert, systolic BP 105 mmHg, WBC 13,000/mm3
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
看護師が最初に診るべき患者はどれですか?
A長年の関節リウマチがあり、いつもの朝のこわばりがある患者
B食事について尋ねている、2 型糖尿病の患者
C30 分前から、新たに呂律が回らず、顔がゆがんでいる患者
D明日透析を予定している慢性腎臓病の患者
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A victim heavily contaminated with an industrial chemical arrives at the emergency department with stable vital signs. What should happen first?
APlacing the victim in the waiting room until a doctor is free
BDecontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
CTaking the victim straight to the X-ray department
DFull assessment inside the main department straight away
7.臨床看護学ふつう
During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely to start?
AAbout 24 hours later
BIn the first 15 minutes
CAfter the third unit only
DOnly after the unit has finished
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
In a patient with a head injury, which is usually the earliest sign of rising intracranial pressure?
AIrregular breathing pauses
BA slow pulse with high blood pressure
CA change in level of consciousness
DA fixed, dilated pupil on both sides
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
An older adult with chronic kidney disease takes glyburide (glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea) and has repeated low glucose readings. Why is this a concern?
AThe drug stops working entirely when the kidneys fail
BThe drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
CThe drug makes the glucose meter read falsely low
DThe drug causes high potassium that lowers the glucose
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has taken metformin for 8 years and now has numbness in the feet, a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL (102 g/L) and an MCV of 108 fL. Which deficiency is most likely?
AIron deficiency from gut loss
BVitamin D (calciferol) deficiency
CVitamin B12 deficiency
DVitamin K deficiency
11.薬理学ふつう
Which group of effects would the nurse expect after a dose of an anticholinergic drug such as atropine?
AHeavy salivation, slow heart rate and small pupils
BDry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
CBronchial secretions, wheeze and tearing of the eyes
DDiarrhoea, frequent urination and sweating
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking dabigatran has a life-threatening bleed. Which specific reversal agent is used?
A patient with Addison's disease has been vomiting for a day. They are confused, with BP 78/40 mmHg, sodium 126 mmol/L and potassium 6.0 mmol/L. What is the priority?
AIV potassium to correct the electrolytes
BIV hydrocortisone straight away, plus IV fluids
CA fluid restriction for the low sodium
DOral hydrocortisone and an antiemetic by mouth
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why should metoclopramide not be used for nausea in mechanical bowel obstruction?
AIt always causes severe diarrhoea
BIt makes the bowel stop moving completely
CIt blocks the effect of all opioids
DIt increases gut movement against the blockage
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
During a nasogastric feed, a patient starts coughing and SpO₂ falls from 96% to 89%. What should the nurse do first?
AIncrease the feed rate to finish it sooner
BLay the patient flat to help them rest
CGive a drink of water to clear the throat
DStop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman on day 3 after a caesarean has calf pain, swelling and warmth in one leg. What should the nurse do?
AApply a heating pad and reassess tomorrow
BEncourage her to do vigorous leg exercises
CReport it promptly and avoid massaging the leg
DMassage the calf to relieve the cramp
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with a history of postnatal depression is pregnant again. What is the most appropriate plan?
APlan early support and monitoring before and after birth
BTell her that breastfeeding will prevent it
CAdvise her that it will not happen again
DWait to see whether depression returns after birth
21.小児看護ふつう
Which advice best prevents dog bites in young children?
ANever leave a young child alone with a dog, even the family pet
BTeach the child to stare into the dog's eyes to show who is in charge
CChoose a small breed, as small dogs never bite
DLet the child hug the dog while it eats so it gets used to children
22.小児看護むずかしい
2 歳児が高熱とともに強直間代発作を起こしています。看護師が最初にすべきことは何ですか?
Aけいれんを止め、動きによるけがを防ぐために、手足をしっかり押さえる
Bけがから守り、発作の時間を計り、子どもを横向きにする
C舌を守るために、子どもの口にスプーンを入れる
D子どもを冷たい風呂に入れる
23.精神看護ふつう
Which activity is most suitable for a patient in an acute manic episode?
AA competitive team game of volleyball
BA complicated board game such as chess with other patients
CA walk with a staff member
DA long group discussion in the day room
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient in alcohol withdrawal had a CIWA-Ar score of 8 four hours ago. It is now 22, and he is sweating heavily and very anxious. What should the nurse do?
AEncourage him to drink a large glass of wine to settle the symptoms
BReduce monitoring, because a higher score on this scale means that his withdrawal is improving
CGive the prescribed symptom-triggered benzodiazepine, increase monitoring and inform the prescriber
DWait for the next routine score in four hours before deciding
答え: C · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
これが答えになる理由
Traces of food or drink on the finger can raise the reading. Washing with water and drying fully gives an accurate result; alcohol wipes can also affect some meters.
答え
C · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Post-exposure prophylaxis works best when it is started as soon as possible
これが答えになる理由
After a high-risk exposure, for example to HIV or hepatitis B, preventive treatment is most effective when started early. Prompt reporting also allows the source patient to be assessed.
答え
A · Post-exposure prophylaxis works best when it is started as soon as possible
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
これが答えになる理由
Blood, secretions and soil protect organisms and can inactivate disinfectants. Cleaning is always done first, followed by disinfection or sterilization as required.
答え
B · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Respiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
これが答えになる理由
qSOFA scores one point each for a respiratory rate of 22/min or more, altered mental status and a systolic BP of 100 mmHg or less. Two or more points mean higher risk, so the first patient needs urgent escalation.
答え
A · Respiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
答え: B · Decontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
これが答えになる理由
A stable, contaminated victim is decontaminated before entering the department, to protect staff, other patients and the victim. Life-saving care may come first only if the victim is unstable.
答え
B · Decontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · In the first 15 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Severe reactions such as ABO incompatibility and anaphylaxis usually begin early. The patient should be watched closely in the first 15 minutes, with observations repeated as per local policy.
答え
B · In the first 15 minutes
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · A change in level of consciousness
これが答えになる理由
Subtle changes in consciousness, such as restlessness, confusion or a falling GCS, are often the first signs. Pupil changes and Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, irregular breathing) are late signs.
答え
C · A change in level of consciousness
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · The drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
これが答えになる理由
Glyburide and its active metabolites are cleared by the kidneys, so they accumulate in CKD and can cause severe, prolonged hypoglycemia. Older adults are at greater risk. The prescriber is informed, and a different drug is usually chosen.
答え
B · The drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Vitamin B12 deficiency
これが答えになる理由
Long-term metformin reduces vitamin B12 absorption in the gut. B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia and peripheral neuropathy, which can be mistaken for diabetic neuropathy. Periodic B12 testing is recommended for long-term users.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · Vitamin B12 deficiency
11.薬理学
答え: B · Dry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
これが答えになる理由
Anticholinergic drugs block muscarinic receptors, so parasympathetic effects are reduced. This gives dry mouth, tachycardia, dilated pupils, constipation and urinary retention.
答え
B · Dry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
12.薬理学
答え: A · Idarucizumab
これが答えになる理由
Idarucizumab is an antibody fragment that binds dabigatran. Andexanet alfa reverses factor Xa inhibitors, protamine reverses heparin, and vitamin K reverses warfarin.
答え: B · IV hydrocortisone straight away, plus IV fluids
これが答えになる理由
An adrenal crisis is life-threatening. IV or IM hydrocortisone is given immediately, without waiting for tests, together with IV saline and checks of glucose and electrolytes. Vomiting prevents tablets from being absorbed.
答え
B · IV hydrocortisone straight away, plus IV fluids
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · It increases gut movement against the blockage
これが答えになる理由
Metoclopramide stimulates gastric and intestinal motility, which can worsen pain and risk perforation in complete mechanical obstruction. Other antiemetics are chosen.
答え
D · It increases gut movement against the blockage
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Stop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
これが答えになる理由
Coughing and desaturation suggest aspiration or a displaced tube. The feed is stopped, the patient is sat up, oxygen is given as needed, and medical review and checking of tube position follow.
答え
D · Stop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Report it promptly and avoid massaging the leg
これが答えになる理由
One-sided calf pain, swelling and warmth suggest deep vein thrombosis, and the postnatal period is a high-risk time. The leg should not be massaged, and the provider should be informed for urgent assessment.
答え
C · Report it promptly and avoid massaging the leg
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Plan early support and monitoring before and after birth
これが答えになる理由
A past episode increases the risk of recurrence. Early identification, a care plan with mental health services, support and monitoring during pregnancy and after birth are recommended.
答え
A · Plan early support and monitoring before and after birth
21.小児看護
答え: A · Never leave a young child alone with a dog, even the family pet
これが答えになる理由
Most dog bites to young children are from familiar dogs, often to the face. Constant supervision, teaching children not to disturb dogs that are eating or sleeping and not to hug or stare at dogs reduces the risk.
答え
A · Never leave a young child alone with a dog, even the family pet
Solitary, non-competitive physical activity helps release energy safely. Competitive games, large groups and tasks requiring long concentration can increase agitation and conflict.
答え
C · A walk with a staff member
24.精神看護
答え: C · Give the prescribed symptom-triggered benzodiazepine, increase monitoring and inform the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
A rising CIWA-Ar score shows worsening withdrawal. Symptom-triggered benzodiazepine treatment, closer observation and medical review help prevent seizures and delirium tremens.
答え
C · Give the prescribed symptom-triggered benzodiazepine, increase monitoring and inform the prescriber
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