A nurse teaches a patient to use an incentive spirometer. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will breathe in slowly and deeply through the mouthpiece.”
B“I will use it several times every hour while awake.”
C“I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
D“I will try to hold my breath for a few seconds at the top.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A nurse sees a colleague put a vial of an opioid into their own pocket instead of returning it. What should the nurse do?
AReport it to the nurse manager according to policy
BTell the patients to watch the colleague carefully
CAsk the colleague to share the vial with them
DSay nothing, because it is not their business
7.臨床看護学ふつう
What is the recommended first aid for a thermal burn?
ASpread butter or oil over the burn
BApply ice directly to the burn until the pain stops completely
CCool it under cool running water for about 20 minutes
DBurst any blisters to release the fluid
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with a central venous catheter needs the line removed. Which position reduces the risk of air embolism during removal of a neck or chest line?
ALying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
BStanding up and walking
CSitting fully upright and taking a deep breath in as the line comes out
DLying on the right side with the legs raised
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with schizophrenia is starting clozapine. Which laboratory value must be monitored regularly?
AAbsolute neutrophil count
BSerum lithium level
CSerum amylase
DInternational normalized ratio
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient without diabetes in the ICU with sepsis has a glucose of 260 mg/dL (14.4 mmol/L) and an HbA1c of 5.2%. What is the best interpretation?
AStress hyperglycemia from acute illness
BLong-standing undiagnosed type 2 diabetes
CType 1 diabetes from autoimmune damage
DA meter error, because HbA1c is normal
11.薬理学ふつう
100 mL of an antibiotic is to be given over 30 minutes using a giving set of 20 drops/mL. What is the drip rate?
Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?
APericarditis
BPulmonary oedema
CAsthma
DPneumothorax
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient is listed for coronary angiography in the morning. Which pre-procedure result should the nurse report to the team?
AA haemoglobin in the normal range
BA blood glucose of 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
CA markedly reduced eGFR
DA normal platelet count
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?
AWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
BParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
CWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
DLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
急性虚血性脳卒中の患者のうち、静注血栓溶解療法の適応となる可能性が最も低いのはどれですか?
A5日前に大きな腹部手術を受けた患者
BCTで頭蓋内出血の所見がまったくない患者
C症状が90分前に始まった患者
D血圧が170/95 mmHgの患者
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
細胞毒性の化学療法を投与するとき、通常推奨される個人防護具(PPE)はどれですか?
A点滴バッグが密封されているので、PPEは不要
B手袋なしの、紙のサージカルマスク
C普通の綿の手袋と、ビニールのエプロン
D化学療法用に試験された手袋と、不浸透性のガウン
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A worker has a hydrofluoric acid burn on the hand and severe pain. After irrigation with water, which specific treatment is commonly applied?
AIce cubes wrapped in a cloth
BSodium bicarbonate paste
CSilver sulfadiazine cream
DCalcium gluconate gel
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
How does breast milk jaundice usually differ from early breastfeeding jaundice?
AIt appears in the first 24 hours in a sick baby
BIt appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
CIt always needs the baby to stop breastfeeding permanently
DIt is caused by too little milk intake
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 31 weeks with contractions has a negative fetal fibronectin test. What does this result mean?
AThe fetus has an infection
BThe membranes have ruptured
CBirth will certainly occur within 48 hours
DBirth within the next 1 to 2 weeks is unlikely
21.小児看護ふつう
An infant with heart failure is treated with furosemide. Which blood result is most important to monitor?
ASerum amylase and lipase
BSerum bilirubin
CPlatelet count
DSerum potassium
22.小児看護むずかしい
発熱、項部硬直、圧迫しても消えない発疹で入院した子どもがいます。優先すべき行動はどれですか?
A腰椎穿刺をするまでは、どんな治療も待つ
B他の子どもたちと同じ大部屋に入れ、4 時間後に発疹と体温を再確認する
C飛沫予防策を開始し、抗菌薬が遅れないよう至急医師の診察を受ける
D解熱薬を与え、4 時間後に再確認する
23.精神看護ふつう
An 80-year-old man often talks about his life and his achievements. According to Erikson, which task is he working on?
答え: B · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
これが答えになる理由
The WHO ladder starts with non-opioids, adds a weak opioid for moderate pain and a strong opioid for severe pain, with adjuvants at any step. It is still widely taught, although current WHO guidance stresses individual assessment over a strict step-by-step approach.
答え
B · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Arrange it where possible and record the preference in the care plan
これが答えになる理由
Respecting such preferences supports dignity and trust. The nurse arranges it whenever possible, records it and explains if it cannot be met in an emergency.
答え
B · Arrange it where possible and record the preference in the care plan
答え: C · “I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
これが答えになる理由
An incentive spirometer is used by breathing in slowly and deeply, then holding the breath briefly. Blowing into it does not expand the lungs.
答え
C · “I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Report it to the nurse manager according to policy
これが答えになる理由
Suspected drug diversion must be reported through the proper channel, usually the manager. It protects patients and allows the colleague to get help; staying silent is not acceptable.
答え
A · Report it to the nurse manager according to policy
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Cool it under cool running water for about 20 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Cooling with running water for around 20 minutes limits tissue damage and pain. Ice can cause further injury, and the patient should be kept warm while the burn is cooled.
答え
C · Cool it under cool running water for about 20 minutes
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Lying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
これが答えになる理由
A flat or head-down position and a Valsalva manoeuvre or breath-hold raise central venous pressure, reducing the risk of air being drawn in. An occlusive dressing is then applied.
答え
A · Lying flat or slightly head-down, holding the breath or breathing out
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Absolute neutrophil count
これが答えになる理由
Clozapine can cause severe neutropenia (agranulocytosis), so the ANC is checked before starting and regularly during treatment. A sore throat, fever or other sign of infection must be reported at once.
答え
A · Absolute neutrophil count
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Stress hyperglycemia from acute illness
これが答えになる理由
Stress hormones and inflammation raise glucose in acute illness, even without diabetes. A normal HbA1c shows that glucose was normal over the previous months. Stress hyperglycemia is still treated, usually with insulin, because it worsens outcomes.確認に用いた資料:Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Stress hyperglycemia from acute illness
11.薬理学
答え: C · About 67 drops per minute
これが答えになる理由
100 mL × 20 drops/mL ÷ 30 min = 66.7, so about 67 drops per minute. Gravity infusions are counted for a full minute and checked regularly.
Subclavian puncture can injure the pleura and cause a pneumothorax. A chest X-ray is usually taken after implantation. Other complications include haematoma, lead displacement and infection.
答え
D · Pneumothorax
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · A markedly reduced eGFR
これが答えになる理由
Contrast can worsen renal function, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes or dehydration. Reduced eGFR may change the plan, such as IV hydration, less contrast and review of nephrotoxic drugs. Allergy history, anticoagulants and bleeding risk are also checked.
答え
C · A markedly reduced eGFR
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Weakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
これが答えになる理由
Damage to one side of the spinal cord, often from a stab wound, causes motor loss and loss of proprioception on the same side, and loss of pain and temperature on the opposite side. The pain fibres cross soon after entering the cord.
答え
C · Weakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
Hydrofluoric acid penetrates deeply and binds calcium and magnesium, causing severe pain and possible life-threatening hypocalcaemia. Calcium gluconate gel binds fluoride; serum calcium and heart rhythm are monitored in larger exposures.
答え
D · Calcium gluconate gel
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · It appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
これが答えになる理由
Breast milk jaundice begins after the first week and can last several weeks in an otherwise healthy, well-fed baby. It is thought to be caused by substances in milk and rarely needs breastfeeding to stop.
答え
B · It appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Birth within the next 1 to 2 weeks is unlikely
これが答えになる理由
Fetal fibronectin is a protein that binds the membranes to the uterine lining. A negative result has a high negative predictive value, meaning birth within 7 to 14 days is unlikely; a positive result is less predictive.
答え
D · Birth within the next 1 to 2 weeks is unlikely
21.小児看護
答え: D · Serum potassium
これが答えになる理由
Furosemide causes loss of potassium in the urine. Low potassium can cause arrhythmias and increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, so potassium is checked regularly.
In later life, the task is to look back and find meaning in one's life. Reminiscence supports a sense of integrity; failure leads to regret and despair.
答え
B · Integrity versus despair
24.精神看護
答え: B · 気分が改善する前に活力が戻ることがあり、自殺念慮を実行に移すリスクが高まるおそれがあるため
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
14 oz/16 = 0.875 lb
5 + 0.875 = 5.875 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 5.875/2.2 = 2.67 kg
答え
m = 2.67 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 210 mL
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1 回あたりの容量
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
全投与期間
V = 15 mL × 2/日 × 7 = 210 mL
答え
V = 210 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 154.5 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 75·2.06 = 154.5 mg
答え
D = 154.5 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: D = 256 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面積
BSA = √(118·32/3600) = √1.049 = 1.024 m²
投与量
D = 250·1.024 = 256 mg
答え
D = 256 mg
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 30 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
30/60 = 0.5 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 0.5·60 = 30 gtt/min
答え
R = 30 gtt/min
微量用セット(60 滴/mL)では、滴/分は mL/h に等しくなります。
30.点滴速度
答え: D = 266.7 mcg/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 20/min → 0
SpO₂ 91% → 3
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 92 mmHg → 2
HR 88/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.5 °C → 0
足す
NEWS2 = 0 + 3 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 5
答え
NEWS2 = 5
34.臨床アセスメントスコア
答え: 高
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 10/min → 1
SpO₂ 88% → 3
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 102 mmHg → 1
HR 92/min → 1
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.2 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 1 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 = 8
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
高
答え
高
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。