Before starting a TNF-alpha inhibitor such as adalimumab, which test is required?
AA bone density scan
BA glucose tolerance test
CScreening for latent tuberculosis
DAn echocardiogram in every patient
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on disulfiram becomes flushed, nauseated and has palpitations after using a mouthwash. What is the most likely cause?
ADisulfiram toxicity from taking too many tablets by mistake
BAn allergy to mint flavouring in the mouthwash
CLow blood glucose from skipping breakfast
DAlcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?
AExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly
BExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
CExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all
DExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Three days after an MI, a patient faints on the commode while straining hard to open the bowels. The heart rate was 42/min at the time. What is the most likely mechanism?
A woman at 32 weeks has varicose veins in her legs. Which advice is most appropriate?
ARaise the legs when resting and avoid long standing
BSit with her legs crossed to support the veins
CWear tight elastic bands around the top of the thighs
DAvoid walking until after the birth
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A labouring woman has a temperature of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F), and the fetal baseline has risen from 140 to 170 bpm over the last hour. What is the most likely explanation?
AFetal head compression
BFetal tachycardia due to a maternal opioid
CFetal tachycardia due to maternal fever or infection
DReassuring fetal response to contractions
21.小児看護ふつう
Which injury in an infant is most suggestive of physical abuse?
APosterior rib fractures
BA greenstick fracture of the forearm after a fall from a slide
答え: A · Patients have a legal right to request access to their records
これが答えになる理由
Under data protection law, patients can request access to their health records. The nurse explains the local process for making a request.
答え
A · Patients have a legal right to request access to their records
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · A suspected deep tissue injury
これが答えになる理由
A purple or maroon area of intact skin, often firm or boggy, suggests deep tissue injury from pressure and shear. It can quickly become a deep open ulcer, so pressure must be removed at once.
答え
C · A suspected deep tissue injury
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Sterile technique, with a sterile catheter and sterile glove
これが答えになる理由
In hospital, tracheal suctioning uses sterile technique to avoid introducing organisms into the lower airway. Clean technique may be taught for long-term home care, according to policy.
答え
D · Sterile technique, with a sterile catheter and sterile glove
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Lying face down (prone)
これが答えになる理由
Restraining a person face down can restrict breathing and has caused deaths from positional asphyxia. Restrained patients are positioned to protect the airway and are watched closely.
答え
D · Lying face down (prone)
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Day 1 after an uncomplicated vaginal birth, stable vital signs
これが答えになる理由
A stable patient after an uncomplicated birth fits the LPN/LVN role. Heavy bleeding, magnesium infusions and new admissions with fever need RN assessment.
答え
C · Day 1 after an uncomplicated vaginal birth, stable vital signs
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
これが答えになる理由
A partial obstruction with a forceful cough is best cleared by the patient’s own coughing. The nurse stays and is ready to act if the cough becomes weak or the patient cannot speak or breathe.
答え
D · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · It does not need routine INR monitoring
これが答えになる理由
DOACs have predictable effects so INR monitoring is not needed. They still cause bleeding, have some interactions and need kidney function checked.
答え
B · It does not need routine INR monitoring
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Metastatic spinal cord compression
これが答えになる理由
Back pain with neurological symptoms in a patient with cancer suggests metastatic spinal cord compression. It is an oncological emergency needing urgent MRI and treatment to preserve function.
答え
C · Metastatic spinal cord compression
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Anti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
これが答えになる理由
An anti-HBs level of at least 10 mIU/mL after vaccination indicates protection. HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc indicate infection, not immunity. Health care workers are often tested after vaccination.確認に用いた資料:Hepatitis virus panel · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
TNF inhibitors can reactivate latent TB, so patients are screened with a TB blood test or skin test and chest X-ray. Hepatitis B is usually checked as well.
答え
C · Screening for latent tuberculosis
12.薬理学
答え: D · Alcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction
これが答えになる理由
Disulfiram reactions can occur with small amounts of alcohol in mouthwash, cough syrups, sauces or aftershave. Patients are taught to check labels and avoid all alcohol-containing products.
答え
D · Alcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Exercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
これが答えになる理由
Moderate-intensity exercise makes the patient slightly breathless but able to hold a conversation. Programmes start gently and progress. Patients stop and seek help if they get chest pain, severe breathlessness or dizziness.
答え
B · Exercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · A vagal response to straining
これが答えになる理由
Straining (the Valsalva manoeuvre) can cause a vagal bradycardia and a fall in cardiac output, leading to syncope. After an MI, stool softeners, adequate fluids and avoiding straining are advised. The event is still reported and the patient assessed for arrhythmia or ischaemia.
答え: B · Give IV antibiotics at once and start sepsis treatment
これが答えになる理由
Meningococcal septicaemia can kill within hours. Antibiotics must not be delayed for a lumbar puncture or scan. Fluids and other sepsis care are started, and a lumbar puncture is often unsafe in a shocked patient.
答え
B · Give IV antibiotics at once and start sepsis treatment
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · They can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
これが答えになる理由
Antacids can bind or change the absorption of drugs such as some antibiotics (tetracyclines, quinolones), iron and levothyroxine. Doses are usually separated by a couple of hours.
答え
C · They can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
答え: A · Raise the legs when resting and avoid long standing
これが答えになる理由
Leg elevation, regular walking, avoiding long standing and graduated compression stockings improve venous return. Crossing the legs and tight bands at the thigh restrict venous flow.
答え
A · Raise the legs when resting and avoid long standing
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Fetal tachycardia due to maternal fever or infection
これが答えになる理由
Maternal fever, often from intra-amniotic infection, is a common cause of fetal tachycardia. The provider is informed, and treatment of fever and infection is expected. Opioids reduce variability rather than raise the rate.
答え
C · Fetal tachycardia due to maternal fever or infection
21.小児看護
答え: A · Posterior rib fractures
これが答えになる理由
Posterior rib fractures in infants are highly suggestive of abuse because they usually result from forceful squeezing of the chest. Bruises on the shins and grazes are common in mobile children.
The period shortly after discharge carries a high risk of suicide. Early follow-up, a safety plan and clear crisis contacts help bridge the transition.
答え
B · In the first weeks after discharge
24.精神看護
答え: D · A 72-year-old widowed man with alcohol dependence who has a gun at home and a plan
これが答えになる理由
Older age, male sex, being widowed, substance misuse, access to lethal means and a specific plan all raise suicide risk. Having several factors together greatly increases the overall risk.
答え
D · A 72-year-old widowed man with alcohol dependence who has a gun at home and a plan
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 100.6 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
38.1·9/5 = 68.58
32を足す
T = 68.58 + 32 = 100.6 °F
答え
T = 100.6 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: Hb = 115 g/L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
Hb = 11.5 g/dL × 10 dL/L = 115 g/L
答え
Hb = 115 g/L
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 525 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
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