During airway suctioning, when should suction be applied?
AOnly while inserting the catheter
BBefore the catheter enters the airway
COnly while withdrawing the catheter
DContinuously for at least 30 seconds
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?
AHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is
BStopping all medicines, including inhalers
CEncouraging long walks to build fitness
DA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?
AThe bladder is not emptying properly
BThe patient has drunk too little fluid
CThe patient is passing urine normally
DThe kidneys are making too little urine
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with myasthenia gravis is admitted with pneumonia. Which newly prescribed antibiotic should the nurse question?
AGentamicin
BBenzylpenicillin
CAmoxicillin
DCeftriaxone
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which lung problem is a known toxicity of bleomycin?
APneumothorax from coughing
BPulmonary fibrosis
CLung cancer within weeks
DAsthma from pollen
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has a falling urine output and a rising creatinine. They have not received nephrotoxic drugs and are not dehydrated. Which complication is likely?
ANephrotic syndrome
BPolycystic kidney disease
CHepatorenal syndrome
DUrinary tract infection
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
B 群溶血性レンサ球菌(GBS)の 全例スクリーニングが行われている地域では、腟・直腸の擦過検体は通常いつ採取しますか?
A妊娠 36~37 週ごろ
B妊娠 20 週ごろ
C分娩中の破水後
D初回の妊婦健診
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman is treated with methotrexate for an unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will avoid alcohol while I am being treated."
B"I will go to the emergency department if I get sudden severe abdominal pain."
C"I will come back for blood tests until my hCG level is back to zero."
D"I will take a folic acid supplement to stay healthy while on this drug."
21.小児看護ふつう
口唇裂の修復手術後に、縫合部を守る看護行為はどれですか?
A赤ちゃんをうつぶせで寝かせる
B赤ちゃんをあおむけまたは横向きにし、口に物を入れないようにする
Cすぐにおしゃぶりを吸わせる
Dかさぶたを取るために、乾いた粗い布で縫合部を 1 日に何度も拭く
22.小児看護むずかしい
幼児が 30 分前にボタン電池を飲み込みましたが、元気そうに見えます。正しい対応はどれですか?
A画像検査と摘出のため、直ちに救急への搬送を手配する
B電池が自然に排出されるのを待ち、数日間おむつを確認する
C幼児を吐かせる
Dコップ 1 杯の牛乳を与え、自宅で様子を見る
23.精神看護ふつう
How should the nurse position herself when talking to an agitated patient?
ABehind the patient and close to him, so that the patient does not feel threatened by eye contact
BBetween the patient and the wall, so the patient can leave easily
CDirectly face to face, as close as possible, to show confidence
DAt a safe distance, slightly to the side, with a clear exit available
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient in DBT feels a strong urge to self-harm after a distressing phone call. Which DBT skill module is designed to help her get through this moment without making things worse?
ACognitive restructuring of core beliefs
BSystematic desensitisation
CInterpersonal effectiveness
DDistress tolerance
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 6 lb 3 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
6 lb 3 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴は 12 mcg/min を投与します。この投与速度 D を mg/h で表してください。
12 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 18 kg で、1 回量として 2 mg/kg が指示されています。投与量 D を mg で求めなさい。
18 kg2 mg/kg
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 4600 単位で、薬は 10000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
4600 units10000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
15 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1500 mL を 4 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
1500 mL4 h15 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
100 mg を 250 mL に含む輸液が 3 mL/h で投与されています。患者は 1 分あたり何マイクログラム D を受け取りますか?
100 mg/250 mL3 mL/h
D = mcg/min
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。
答え: C · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
これが答えになる理由
Taking cultures first gives the best chance of identifying the organism. They are collected with strict asepsis, but antibiotics must not be delayed in sepsis.
答え
C · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Increasing sedation usually comes before respiratory depression
これが答えになる理由
Patients usually become drowsy before their breathing slows dangerously. Checking sedation with a simple scale alongside respiratory rate allows early action.
答え
C · Increasing sedation usually comes before respiratory depression
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · A large toy with no small parts that can come off
これが答えになる理由
Small parts, marbles, magnets and uninflated or broken balloons are choking hazards for young children. Toys should be large, sturdy and suited to the child’s age.
答え
D · A large toy with no small parts that can come off
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Explain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
これが答えになる理由
Patients on airborne precautions stay in the negative-pressure room with the door closed, leaving only for essential tests while wearing a surgical mask. The nurse explains why and helps the patient cope with confinement.
答え
C · Explain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
Blood cultures taken before antibiotics are more likely to grow the organism, which allows targeted treatment later. Antibiotics should still be given promptly and must not be delayed.
答え
D · Blood cultures
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · 高く尖った T 波
これが答えになる理由
高カリウム血症では尖った T 波、次に QRS の幅の拡大、さらにサイン波様の波形や心停止が起こり得ます。低カリウム血症では平坦な T 波と U 波がみられます。
答え
A · 高く尖った T 波
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · A DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
これが答えになる理由
D-dimer is very sensitive, so a negative result in a patient with low clinical probability makes DVT or PE unlikely. A positive result is not specific, because surgery, infection, pregnancy and cancer also raise D-dimer; imaging is then needed.確認に用いた資料:D-Dimer Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · A DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
これが答えになる理由
Methimazole and propylthiouracil can cause agranulocytosis, often in the first months of therapy. Fever or sore throat must be reported at once; the drug is held and a CBC with differential is checked. Infection is treated urgently if neutrophils are low.
答え
C · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
11.薬理学
答え: C · 単純ヘルペスウイルスや水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルスなどのヘルペスウイルス
これが答えになる理由
アシクロビルは感染細胞の中でウイルスのチミジンキナーゼによってリン酸化され、ウイルスの DNA ポリメラーゼを遮断します。口唇ヘルペス、性器ヘルペス、水痘、帯状疱疹に使います。
答え
C · 単純ヘルペスウイルスや水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルスなどのヘルペスウイルス
12.薬理学
答え: D · Accidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
これが答えになる理由
Vincristine given intrathecally causes ascending paralysis and death. To prevent this, it is usually given in a small IV bag rather than a syringe and kept separate from intrathecal drugs.
答え
D · Accidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Only while withdrawing the catheter
これが答えになる理由
The catheter is inserted without suction and suction is applied as it is withdrawn, with each pass kept short. This limits mucosal trauma and hypoxaemia. The patient is monitored for desaturation and bradycardia.
答え
C · Only while withdrawing the catheter
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · A low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
これが答えになる理由
Low-dose oral opioids can ease refractory breathlessness in advanced disease. A fan blowing air across the face, upright positioning, breathing techniques and anxiety management also help. Oxygen is used only if it relieves symptoms or corrects hypoxaemia.
答え
D · A low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · The bladder is not emptying properly
これが答えになる理由
A large post-void residual means incomplete emptying, for example from obstruction or a weak detrusor. It raises the risk of infection and overflow incontinence and may need intermittent catheterisation or treatment of the cause.
答え
A · The bladder is not emptying properly
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Gentamicin
これが答えになる理由
Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin can impair neuromuscular transmission and trigger a myasthenic crisis. Fluoroquinolones, magnesium and some other drugs carry similar warnings. The nurse checks with the prescriber before giving it.
答え
A · Gentamicin
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Pulmonary fibrosis
これが答えになる理由
Bleomycin can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, especially at higher cumulative doses, in older patients and with high oxygen concentrations. Breathlessness or a new cough must be reported.
答え
B · Pulmonary fibrosis
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Hepatorenal syndrome
これが答えになる理由
In hepatorenal syndrome, severe vasodilation in advanced liver disease reduces kidney perfusion, causing kidney failure without another cause. It carries a poor prognosis and is managed by specialists, often with albumin and vasoconstrictors.
答え: D · "I will take a folic acid supplement to stay healthy while on this drug."
これが答えになる理由
Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist, so folate supplements reduce its effect and should be avoided during treatment. Serial hCG checks, avoiding alcohol and seeking help for signs of rupture are correct.
答え
D · "I will take a folic acid supplement to stay healthy while on this drug."
食道内のボタン電池は 2 時間以内に重い熱傷を起こすことがあります。元気そうに見える子どもでも、緊急の X 線検査が必要で、電池が食道にある場合は内視鏡による摘出が必要です。
答え
A · 画像検査と摘出のため、直ちに救急への搬送を手配する
23.精神看護
答え: D · At a safe distance, slightly to the side, with a clear exit available
これが答えになる理由
Standing at an angle and outside arm's reach is less confrontational and safer. The nurse makes sure neither she nor the patient is trapped, so both have an exit.
答え
D · At a safe distance, slightly to the side, with a clear exit available
24.精神看護
答え: D · Distress tolerance
これが答えになる理由
Distress tolerance skills help a person cope with intense emotion in a crisis without acting on harmful urges, for example through distraction, self-soothing or changing body temperature.
答え
D · Distress tolerance
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 2.81 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
3 oz/16 = 0.1875 lb
6 + 0.1875 = 6.188 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 6.188/2.2 = 2.812 ≈ 2.81 kg
答え
m = 2.81 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 0.72 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 12 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 12·60/1000 = 0.72 mg/h
答え
D = 0.72 mg/h
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 36 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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