Why do nurses often count the respiratory rate while still appearing to take the pulse?
APatients who know their breathing is watched tend to change it
BIt is not allowed to tell patients that breathing is measured
CCounting breaths is only accurate when the wrist is held
DThe pulse and breathing rates are always the same number
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
During a handover the nurse notices a colleague is sharing patient details loudly in a busy corridor. What should the nurse do?
ASuggest moving the handover to a private place
BReport the colleague to the police
CJoin in to finish the handover more quickly
DIgnore it, as handover is part of care
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
患者の識別リストバンドが外れています。与薬の時間になっています。看護師はどうすべきですか?
A昨日から知っている患者なので、与薬する
B部屋番号とベッド番号で本人確認をする
C2つの識別情報で本人確認を行い、先に新しいリストバンドを付ける
D翌日まで与薬を見送る
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During a power cut in a US hospital, a ventilator must stay powered. Where should it be plugged in?
AInto a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
BInto any white outlet in the room
CInto the outlet that is closest to the bed, whatever its color
DInto an extension cord from the corridor
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
看護助手への指示として、最も明確なものはどれですか?
A「部屋に入ったときに何か変だと感じたら、教えてください。」
B「今朝はリーさんに気をつけて、様子を教えてください。」
C「昼食までのどこかで、リーさんのバイタルサインを測って、私のために記録に書いておいてください。」
D「10 時にリーさんの血圧を測って、収縮期血圧が 100 未満なら、すぐに知らせてください。」
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An infant is choking and cannot cry or breathe. Which technique is correct?
ABack blows and chest thrusts
BAbdominal thrusts, as in adults
CA blind finger sweep of the mouth
DHolding the infant upside down by the feet
7.臨床看護学ふつう
WHO の除痛ラダーが勧めているのは?
Aすべての患者で強オピオイドから始めること
B痛みが強くなるにつれて、非オピオイドから弱オピオイド、さらに強オピオイドへ移ること
Cがんの痛みには薬以外の方法だけを使うこと
D痛みが強くなったときだけ鎮痛薬を与えること
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A conscious patient with hypoglycaemia was given fast-acting carbohydrate. On re-check 15 minutes later the blood glucose is 3.6 mmol/L (65 mg/dL). What should the nurse do next?
AGive a long-acting carbohydrate snack only and recheck tomorrow
BGive another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
CGive a dose of subcutaneous insulin
DTake no action because the level is rising
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?
AA fall in serum sodium
BA rise in blood glucose
CA rise in serum potassium
DA fall in the white cell count
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient receiving IV magnesium sulfate has a respiratory rate of 9/min and absent patellar reflexes. After stopping the infusion, which medication should the nurse expect to give?
APotassium chloride
BCalcium gluconate
CSodium bicarbonate
DProtamine sulfate
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient with a fentanyl patch is given home-care advice. Which instruction is correct?
AThrow used patches loose into the household bin with the packaging
BApply each new patch over the same skin area
CCut the patch in half if the pain is mild
DAvoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?
AConstipation; a laxative will solve the problem
BAcute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged
CExpected nausea; the patient should take the next dose with food
DHypoglycaemia; the patient should eat sweets and continue as usual
A 74-year-old falls forward and hits their chin. Their arms are much weaker than their legs, and they have burning pain in the hands. Which injury is most likely?
ABrown-Séquard syndrome
BCauda equina syndrome
CCentral cord syndrome
DA complete lumbar cord injury
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
細胞毒性の化学療法を投与するとき、通常推奨される個人防護具(PPE)はどれですか?
A点滴バッグが密封されているので、PPEは不要
B普通の綿の手袋と、ビニールのエプロン
C手袋なしの、紙のサージカルマスク
D化学療法用に試験された手袋と、不浸透性のガウン
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
During bowel preparation, an older patient becomes dizzy and confused. Blood tests show sodium 127 mmol/L. What should the nurse do?
AEncourage plain water only, as much as possible
BGive the rest of the preparation more quickly
CRecord it and continue as planned, as this is expected
DStop the preparation and escalate to the medical team
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
妊娠 32 週で子宮底長が 37 cm でした。どの説明を考えるべきですか?
A胎児が骨盤内に下降した
B多胎妊娠または羊水過多
C羊水過少
D胎児発育不全
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman has cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pregnancy. Which outcome in the baby is a major concern?
APhenylketonuria
BHearing loss and developmental delay
CClubfoot only
DOpen neural tube defects such as spina bifida
21.小児看護ふつう
A 3-day-old has a red, swollen eyelid with a heavy discharge of pus. What should the nurse do?
AClean the eye with breast milk and review in a week
BApply an over-the-counter steroid eye ointment
CArrange prompt medical review, as infection from the birth canal is possible
DReassure the parents that sticky eyes are always harmless in the first weeks of life
答え: A · Patients who know their breathing is watched tend to change it
これが答えになる理由
Breathing can be changed on purpose, so a patient who is aware of being watched may breathe differently. Counting unobtrusively for a full minute gives a more accurate rate.
答え
A · Patients who know their breathing is watched tend to change it
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Suggest moving the handover to a private place
これが答えになる理由
Information shared for care must still be protected from people who do not need it. Moving to a private area or speaking quietly at the bedside protects patient confidentiality.
答え
A · Suggest moving the handover to a private place
答え: A · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
これが答えになる理由
In US hospitals, red outlets are usually connected to the emergency generator. Life-support equipment is plugged into them, and battery backups are checked as part of emergency planning.
答え
A · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · 「10 時にリーさんの血圧を測って、収縮期血圧が 100 未満なら、すぐに知らせてください。」
D · 「10 時にリーさんの血圧を測って、収縮期血圧が 100 未満なら、すぐに知らせてください。」
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Back blows and chest thrusts
これが答えになる理由
For a choking infant, the nurse gives cycles of five back blows and five chest thrusts. Abdominal thrusts are not used in infants, and blind finger sweeps can push the object deeper.
答え: B · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
これが答えになる理由
If blood glucose remains below the threshold (4 mmol/L in UK guidance, 70 mg/dL in US guidance), the fast-acting treatment is repeated. Once it is above the threshold, a longer-acting carbohydrate such as a sandwich or the next meal helps prevent recurrence.
答え
B · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · A rise in blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
Glucocorticoids raise blood glucose by increasing glucose production and reducing insulin sensitivity. They also tend to lower potassium, retain sodium and raise the white cell count by releasing neutrophils into the blood.確認に用いた資料:Blood Glucose Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · A rise in blood glucose
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Calcium gluconate
これが答えになる理由
Absent reflexes and slow breathing indicate magnesium toxicity. The infusion is stopped, the provider is called, the airway and breathing are supported, and IV calcium gluconate is given as prescribed to counteract magnesium.
答え
B · Calcium gluconate
11.薬理学
答え: D · Avoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch
これが答えになる理由
Heat increases fentanyl absorption and can cause overdose. Sites are rotated, patches are never cut, and used patches are folded sticky sides together and disposed of safely, away from children and pets.
答え
D · Avoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch
12.薬理学
答え: B · Acute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged
これが答えになる理由
Mild nausea is common with GLP-1 agonists, but severe persistent abdominal pain radiating to the back suggests pancreatitis. The drug is stopped and the patient needs urgent assessment, including serum lipase or amylase.
答え
B · Acute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged
A low pH with raised PaCO₂ is respiratory acidosis. A normal bicarbonate (about 22–26 mmol/L) shows the kidneys have not yet compensated, so the problem is acute, as in opioid toxicity, exhaustion or an acute COPD exacerbation. Treatment targets ventilation.
Central cord syndrome often follows hyperextension of an arthritic neck. The central fibres, which serve the arms, are affected most, so the arms are weaker than the legs. It is the most common incomplete cord syndrome.
答え: D · Stop the preparation and escalate to the medical team
これが答えになる理由
Bowel preparation can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbance, including hyponatraemia, especially in older people. Confusion with low sodium needs prompt medical review, and further prep is withheld until assessed.
答え
D · Stop the preparation and escalate to the medical team
Congenital CMV is a leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss and can cause microcephaly and developmental delay. Hand hygiene after contact with young children's saliva and urine reduces the risk.
答え
B · Hearing loss and developmental delay
21.小児看護
答え: C · Arrange prompt medical review, as infection from the birth canal is possible
これが答えになる理由
Neonatal conjunctivitis with heavy pus and swelling may be caused by gonococcus or chlamydia acquired during birth. Gonococcal infection can damage the cornea rapidly, so swabs and prompt treatment are needed, and the parents are tested and treated too.
答え
C · Arrange prompt medical review, as infection from the birth canal is possible
Solitary, non-competitive physical activity helps release energy safely. Competitive games, large groups and tasks requiring long concentration can increase agitation and conflict.
答え
C · A walk with a staff member
24.精神看護
答え: C · Provide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
これが答えになる理由
Non-drug measures, such as clocks and calendars, sensory aids, a normal sleep-wake cycle, mobility, hydration and familiar people, help while the underlying cause is treated. Restraints and frequent moves worsen delirium.
答え
C · Provide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 4.32 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
8 oz/16 = 0.5 lb
9 + 0.5 = 9.5 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 9.5/2.2 = 4.318 ≈ 4.32 kg
答え
m = 4.32 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 3 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
189.2/2.2 = 86 kg
投与量
5·86 = 430 mg
体積
V = (430/40)·1 = 10.75 ≈ 10.8 mL
答え
V = 10.8 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 120 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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