A patient has taken prednisone (prednisolone in many countries) for several months. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
B“I will tell my dentist and other doctors that I take a steroid.”
C“I will take the tablets with food.”
D“I will report signs of infection early.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which nursing approach may raise intracranial pressure in a patient with a head injury?
ASpacing out care with rest periods in between activities
BDoing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
CKeeping the room calm and quiet
DKeeping the head in line with the body
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient says they are "allergic" to codeine because it made them constipated. How should this be recorded?
AIt should not be recorded at all
BAs a severe anaphylactic allergy to all opioids
CAs an allergy to all painkillers
DAs a side effect or intolerance, not a true allergy
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?
ADelirium is permanent, while dementia is reversible
BDelirium only affects people under 50, while dementia affects older people
CDementia always causes visual hallucinations
DDelirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient receives repeated nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for severe asthma. Which laboratory change should the nurse watch for?
AA fall in blood glucose
BA fall in serum potassium
CA rise in serum sodium
DA rise in serum calcium
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient about the HbA1c test. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"The test shows my average glucose over the past few months"
B"A lower result means less risk of damage to my eyes and kidneys"
C"My daily finger-stick readings still matter between the tests"
D"I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-1 blocker. What should the nurse advise about the first dose?
ATake it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
BExpect a short rise in blood pressure after the dose
CTake it in the morning with a cup of strong coffee to stay alert
DTake it only if the urine is darker than usual
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?
ASerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
BBleeding from vitamin K deficiency
CSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors
DA hypertensive crisis from tyramine
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?
AThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y12) receptor
BThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver
CThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma
DThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?
ATube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
BNormal variation that needs no action
CA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function
DA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient uses a continuous glucose monitor. Which statement is correct?
AIt works by giving small doses of insulin automatically
BIt makes finger-prick checks unnecessary in every situation
CIt reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
DIt measures glucose directly in the blood every second of the day
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3.5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?
ASeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
BStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
CWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
DDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which advice is appropriate for a patient with a very low platelet count?
AUse a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
BFloss hard every day to prevent gum disease
CTake aspirin regularly for headaches
DUse a razor blade for shaving every day
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 5 after a major burn, a patient is confused, with a temperature of 39.2 °C, tachycardia, and an offensive, discoloured wound. What should the nurse suspect?
ADelirium from boredom on the ward
BBurn wound infection with sepsis
CThe normal hypermetabolic response alone
DAn allergy to the dressing only
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
頭血腫と産瘤はどのように見分けますか?
A頭血腫は頭蓋骨の正中線を越える
B頭血腫は縫合線を越えない
C頭血腫は出生時にあり、数日で消える
D頭血腫は頭皮の皮膚だけの柔らかい腫れである
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A labouring woman has had an epidural for 3 hours. The fundus is displaced and a bulge is seen above the pubic bone. What should the nurse do?
AStart an oxytocin infusion
BCheck for bladder distension and empty the bladder
CPrepare her for an emergency caesarean
DIncrease the rate of the epidural
21.小児看護ふつう
Why is hearing screening done in the newborn period?
AEarly detection allows support that protects language development
BBecause hearing loss always causes balance problems
CTo diagnose ear infections before discharge
DTo check whether the baby will need glasses later in childhood
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Kawasaki disease is due her MMR vaccine next week. What should the nurse know?
AMMR should be given early, because IVIG weakens the immune system
BMMR can be given safely the same day as the next IVIG dose
CLive vaccines are usually delayed for several months after IVIG
DIVIG makes vaccines unnecessary, so MMR can be skipped
A patient in alcohol withdrawal had a CIWA-Ar score of 8 four hours ago. It is now 22, and he is sweating heavily and very anxious. What should the nurse do?
AReduce monitoring, because a higher score on this scale means that his withdrawal is improving
BEncourage him to drink a large glass of wine to settle the symptoms
CWait for the next routine score in four hours before deciding
DGive the prescribed symptom-triggered benzodiazepine, increase monitoring and inform the prescriber
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 6 ft 5 in です。1 ft = 12 in と 1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をセンチメートルで、cm の整数に丸めて求めてください。
6 ft 5 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 22:45 に始まり、翌朝の 08:25 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何分 t 続きましたか。
22:4508:25
t = min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 18 kg で、1 回量として 20 mg/kg が指示されています。投与量 D を mg で求めなさい。
18 kg20 mg/kg
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
20%(w/v)の原液から 0.5%(w/v)の溶液を 1000 mL 調製する必要があります。 原液に水を何 mL W 加える必要がありますか?
C₁ = 20%C₂ = 0.5%V₂ = 1000 mL
W = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
15 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1000 mL を 6 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
1000 mL6 h15 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 20 滴/mL のセットで 20 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 900 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか?
20 gtt/min20 gtt/mL900 mL
t = h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
答え: C · That they cannot promise secrecy if someone is at risk of harm
これが答えになる理由
Nurses must not promise secrecy when there is a risk of harm. They listen, stay calm, explain what will happen, record the disclosure and follow safeguarding procedures.
答え
C · That they cannot promise secrecy if someone is at risk of harm
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
これが答えになる理由
Routine help with care for a stable patient can be delegated. Assessment, teaching and evaluation need registered nurse judgement.
答え: A · “I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
これが答えになる理由
Stopping long-term corticosteroids suddenly can cause adrenal crisis, so they are tapered as prescribed. Taking them with food, telling other prescribers and reporting infection are correct.
答え
A · “I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Doing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
これが答えになる理由
Clustering several stimulating activities can cause a sustained rise in intracranial pressure. Spacing care, keeping the neck straight and a calm environment help keep it down.
答え
B · Doing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · As a side effect or intolerance, not a true allergy
これが答えになる理由
Constipation is a predictable side effect of opioids, not an immune response. Recording it accurately avoids withholding useful medicines while still noting the patient's experience.
答え
D · As a side effect or intolerance, not a true allergy
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
これが答えになる理由
Delirium develops over hours to days, with fluctuating attention and consciousness, and is often reversible when the cause is treated. Dementia is a gradual, progressive decline. Patients with dementia are at higher risk of delirium.
答え
D · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · A fall in serum potassium
これが答えになる理由
Beta-2 agonists push potassium into cells and can cause hypokalemia, especially at high doses; they also raise blood glucose. For this reason nebulized albuterol is sometimes used as an extra treatment for hyperkalemia.
答え
B · A fall in serum potassium
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
これが答えになる理由
HbA1c reflects glucose attached to hemoglobin over about 2–3 months, so fasting is not needed. Lower HbA1c values are linked to fewer microvascular complications, and home glucose monitoring is still useful for day-to-day decisions.確認に用いた資料:The A1C Test & Diabetes · NIDDK (NIH) (2018); Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
11.薬理学
答え: A · Take it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
これが答えになる理由
Alpha-1 blockers dilate blood vessels and can cause marked orthostatic hypotension after the first dose. Taking it at bedtime and rising slowly reduces the risk of falls.
答え
A · Take it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
12.薬理学
答え: A · Serotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
これが答えになる理由
St John's wort has serotonergic effects, so it can cause serotonin syndrome with SSRIs. It also induces liver enzymes and can reduce levels of drugs such as the combined pill, warfarin and ciclosporin.
答え
A · Serotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · They block the platelet ADP (P2Y12) receptor
これが答えになる理由
Clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor block the P2Y12 ADP receptor on platelets, reducing aggregation. With aspirin, they form dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndromes and stents. Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent factors; dabigatran inhibits thrombin.
答え
A · They block the platelet ADP (P2Y12) receptor
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Tube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
これが答えになる理由
A sudden loss of the capnography trace means no CO₂ is being detected: the tube may be dislodged, disconnected or blocked, or there may be cardiac arrest. The nurse checks the patient and circuit immediately, hand-ventilates if needed and calls for help.
答え
A · Tube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · It reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
CGM sensors measure interstitial glucose, which lags several minutes behind blood glucose, especially when levels change fast. A finger-prick check is advised when symptoms do not match the reading.
答え
C · It reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Seek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
これが答えになる理由
Blood ketones above 3 mmol/L, especially with vomiting, mean a high risk of DKA, even if the glucose is only moderately raised. The patient needs urgent assessment. Insulin should not be stopped.
答え
A · Seek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
これが答えになる理由
With thrombocytopenia, the nurse reduces bleeding risk: soft toothbrush, electric razor, no NSAIDs or aspirin, avoiding IM injections and rectal procedures, and reporting bleeding, bruising or blood in urine or stool.
答え
A · Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Burn wound infection with sepsis
これが答えになる理由
Burn patients are at high risk of infection. Wound changes with systemic deterioration suggest sepsis, needing urgent escalation, cultures, IV antibiotics and wound review. The hypermetabolic state causes mild fever, but not these wound changes.
答え: B · Check for bladder distension and empty the bladder
これが答えになる理由
Epidurals block bladder sensation, so the bladder can overfill. A full bladder can slow descent of the fetus and cause injury. The nurse should encourage voiding or catheterise per protocol.
答え
B · Check for bladder distension and empty the bladder
21.小児看護
答え: A · Early detection allows support that protects language development
これが答えになる理由
Permanent hearing loss is often not obvious in babies. Screening allows diagnosis and support, such as hearing aids, within the first months, which greatly improves speech and language outcomes.
答え
A · Early detection allows support that protects language development
22.小児看護
答え: C · Live vaccines are usually delayed for several months after IVIG
これが答えになる理由
Antibodies in IVIG can neutralise live vaccine viruses and stop the vaccine from working, so MMR and varicella are usually postponed for several months (often about 11 months) after high-dose IVIG. Inactivated vaccines are not affected in the same way.
答え
C · Live vaccines are usually delayed for several months after IVIG
答え: D · Give the prescribed symptom-triggered benzodiazepine, increase monitoring and inform the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
A rising CIWA-Ar score shows worsening withdrawal. Symptom-triggered benzodiazepine treatment, closer observation and medical review help prevent seizures and delirium tremens.
答え
D · Give the prescribed symptom-triggered benzodiazepine, increase monitoring and inform the prescriber
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 196 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
投与量
20·18 = 360 mg
答え
D = 360 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: W = 975 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。