A patient's blood pressure is much higher than in all previous readings. What is the best first step?
ARecheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
BIgnore it, as it must be a machine error
CRecord it and give an extra dose of the blood pressure tablet
DTell the patient they are having a stroke
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
コミュニケーションツール SBAR の「A」は何を表しますか?
AAssessment(評価)
B行動
C入院
Dアレルギー
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
An infant has had a cleft lip repair. Why are elbow restraints often used?
ATo keep the infant from rolling over in the crib
BTo stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
CTo prevent the infant from sucking a pacifier
DTo hold the IV line in place during feeds and stop it being pulled out
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During a power cut in a US hospital, a ventilator must stay powered. Where should it be plugged in?
AInto any white outlet in the room
BInto a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
CInto an extension cord from the corridor
DInto the outlet that is closest to the bed, whatever its color
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
バイタルサインが正常な安定した成人が、手の切り傷で縫合が必要ですが、ほかには何も必要ありません。どの ESI レベルが当てはまりますか?
Aレベル 4
Bレベル 3
Cレベル 5
Dレベル 2
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
During JumpSTART triage, a child who cannot walk is breathing 50 times a minute. Which category is the child given?
AYellow (delayed)
BGreen (minor)
CRed (immediate)
DBlack (expectant)
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which features suggest Cushing's syndrome?
ADark skin, low blood pressure, salt craving and a low blood sodium level
BCoarse facial features and very large hands and feet
CWeight loss, heat intolerance, tremor and protruding eyes
DWeight gain around the trunk, a rounded face and thin, easily bruised skin
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with a confirmed pulmonary embolism is started on anticoagulation. Which statement best explains its purpose?
AIt thins the blood so that the lungs absorb more oxygen
BIt dissolves the clot completely within minutes of the first dose being given
CIt stops the clot growing and prevents new clots while the body breaks it down
DIt is mainly given to lower the blood pressure
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with acute pancreatitis has muscle twitching and numbness around the mouth. Which laboratory value should the nurse check?
ASerum calcium
BSerum sodium
CSerum chloride
DSerum amylase
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?
AGive iron and do no further tests at all
BRepeat the blood count in one year
CStart vitamin B12 injections
DLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
11.薬理学ふつう
クロザピンを服用している患者に定期的な血球数の検査が必要なのはなぜですか?
A鉄欠乏性貧血をよく起こすから
B血小板数を危険なほど上げるから
C血液型を変えるから
D無顆粒球症を起こすことがあるから
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient receiving cisplatin is given large volumes of IV fluid before and after each dose. What is the main purpose?
ATo increase drug absorption from the gut
BTo prevent hair loss
CTo prevent bleeding
DTo reduce kidney damage
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
喘息の患者が、発作時用の吸入器を週に3回より多く使っています。これは何を示唆しますか?
A現在の計画で喘息はよくコントロールされている
B発作時用の薬がもう効かないので、中止すべきである
C予防吸入薬はもう必要ない
D喘息のコントロールが不良で、治療の見直しが必要である
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is due to start an anti-TNF biologic drug. Which screening is essential beforehand?
AScreening for latent tuberculosis
BA sweat chloride test
CAn exercise ECG test on a treadmill
DA peak flow diary for a month
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?
AGout
BSkin cancer
CHair loss
DKidney stones
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?
AA laxative and review in the clinic in a month
BA routine physiotherapy appointment next week
CUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons
DAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
細胞毒性の化学療法を投与するとき、通常推奨される個人防護具(PPE)はどれですか?
A普通の綿の手袋と、ビニールのエプロン
B化学療法用に試験された手袋と、不浸透性のガウン
C手袋なしの、紙のサージカルマスク
D点滴バッグが密封されているので、PPEは不要
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
An hour after a line flush, a patient receiving parenteral nutrition has rigors and a temperature of 39.1 °C. What should the nurse suspect and do?
AFluid overload; reduce the infusion rate only
BA normal reaction; give paracetamol and continue the infusion
CLine infection; escalate and take blood cultures
DLow blood glucose; give a sugary drink
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
子癇前症の女性が、激しい頭痛と、チカチカした光が見えると訴えています。何を示唆しますか?
A重症の特徴を伴う子癇前症で、子癇のリスクがある
B硫酸マグネシウムの正常な作用
C妊娠後期によくある無害な緊張型頭痛
D低血糖
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
After treatment for a molar pregnancy, what is the most important teaching point?
AAvoid all physical activity for 6 months
BTry to conceive again as soon as possible to reduce recurrence
CNo further follow-up is needed once the uterus is empty
DAttend serial hCG checks and use reliable contraception during follow-up
21.小児看護ふつう
Which advice about screen use reflects common paediatric guidance for children under about 18 months?
AAvoid screen media, apart from video calls with family
BBackground TV helps language development
CScreens are fine as long as the volume is low
DUp to 2 hours a day of educational TV programmes is beneficial for language
22.小児看護むずかしい
細気管支炎の生後 3 か月の乳児の所見のうち、直ちにフォローアップが必要なものはどれですか?
A哺乳量はいつもよりやや少ないが、おむつはまだ濡れている
B聴診で聞こえる喘鳴
C鼻水と軽い咳
D呼吸の休止(無呼吸)と酸素飽和度 88 %
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient intoxicated with phencyclidine (PCP) is agitated and has nystagmus and high blood pressure. Which nursing approach is best?
AProvide a quiet, low-stimulation environment and keep staff and patient safe
BTry to talk the patient down by discussing his feelings in detail
CPut him in a busy area so that staff can watch him more easily
DEncourage him to walk around the ward and join in activities to help burn off the drug
24.精神看護むずかしい
A man is found in a city far from home. He cannot remember who he is or how he got there, but his speech and thinking are otherwise normal. Tests show no head injury or intoxication. What is most likely?
ADissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
BDelirium
CAlzheimer's disease
DA manic episode with poor judgement and impulsive travel
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重の換算結果は 78.7284 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
78.7284 kg
x = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 2 tsp / 咳止めシロップ, 6 fl oz / ジュース, ¼ カップ / お茶 を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 tsp = 5 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
アドレナリン(エピネフリン)のプレフィルドシリンジに 1:10 000(0.1 mg/mL)と表示されています。指示は心停止に対する 1 mg の静注(IV)です。投与する量 V はいくらですか?
答え: B · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
これが答えになる理由
Elbow restraints keep the elbows straight so the infant cannot touch the suture line. They are removed regularly, one at a time, for skin checks and movement under supervision.
答え
B · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
これが答えになる理由
In US hospitals, red outlets are usually connected to the emergency generator. Life-support equipment is plugged into them, and battery backups are checked as part of emergency planning.
答え
B · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
In JumpSTART, a respiratory rate below 15 or above 45 per minute makes the child immediate (red). Children breathe faster than adults, so the adult cut-off of 30 is not used.
答え
C · Red (immediate)
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Weight gain around the trunk, a rounded face and thin, easily bruised skin
これが答えになる理由
Excess cortisol causes central obesity, a moon face, thin skin, purple striae, muscle weakness and high glucose. The other options describe hyperthyroidism, Addison's disease and acromegaly.
答え
D · Weight gain around the trunk, a rounded face and thin, easily bruised skin
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · It stops the clot growing and prevents new clots while the body breaks it down
これが答えになる理由
Anticoagulants prevent clot extension and new clots; the body's own fibrinolysis gradually breaks down the existing clot. Thrombolysis, which actively dissolves clots, is reserved for massive PE with shock.
答え
C · It stops the clot growing and prevents new clots while the body breaks it down
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Serum calcium
これが答えになる理由
In severe pancreatitis, fatty acids released from damaged fat bind calcium (saponification), causing hypocalcemia. Twitching and perioral numbness are signs of low calcium, which can progress to tetany and seizures.確認に用いた資料:Calcium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · Serum calcium
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Look for a source of blood loss in the gut
これが答えになる理由
Iron deficiency in an older man or a postmenopausal woman suggests chronic blood loss, often from the gastrointestinal tract, including colorectal cancer. Iron is started, but endoscopy or colonoscopy is needed to find the cause.
TNF-alpha is essential for containing TB in granulomas. Anti-TNF drugs can reactivate latent TB, sometimes as severe disseminated disease. Patients are screened (history, chest X-ray, IGRA) and treated for latent TB before starting.
答え
A · Screening for latent tuberculosis
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Skin cancer
これが答えになる理由
Transplant recipients have a much higher risk of skin cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma, because of immunosuppression. Sun protection and regular skin checks are important.
答え
B · Skin cancer
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Urgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons
これが答えになる理由
Saddle anaesthesia with urinary retention suggests cauda equina syndrome. Delay can lead to permanent bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction. The patient needs an emergency MRI and surgical decompression if confirmed.
答え
C · Urgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons
答え: C · Line infection; escalate and take blood cultures
これが答えになる理由
Fever and rigors after flushing a central line suggest a catheter-related bloodstream infection. The nurse escalates urgently, takes cultures from the line and peripherally per policy, and starts sepsis care.
答え
C · Line infection; escalate and take blood cultures
答え: D · Attend serial hCG checks and use reliable contraception during follow-up
これが答えになる理由
hCG is followed until it is undetectable because persistent trophoblastic disease or choriocarcinoma can develop. A new pregnancy would raise hCG and hide this, so reliable contraception is advised during follow-up.
答え
D · Attend serial hCG checks and use reliable contraception during follow-up
21.小児看護
答え: A · Avoid screen media, apart from video calls with family
これが答えになる理由
Young children learn through face-to-face interaction and play. Guidance such as the American Academy of Pediatrics advises avoiding screens other than video chatting under about 18–24 months, and limited, shared, high-quality viewing after that.
答え
A · Avoid screen media, apart from video calls with family
答え: A · Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment and keep staff and patient safe
これが答えになる理由
PCP can cause agitation, violence, psychosis, nystagmus and hypertension. Reducing stimulation and keeping enough staff present for safety are key; "talking down" is less effective than with other hallucinogens.
答え
A · Provide a quiet, low-stimulation environment and keep staff and patient safe
24.精神看護
答え: A · Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
これが答えになる理由
In dissociative fugue, the person travels away and cannot recall their identity or past, usually after a stressful event. Medical causes such as head injury, seizures and substances must be ruled out first.
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
6 fl oz = 6·30 = 180 mL
¼ カップ = 0.25·240 = 60 mL
足す
V = 10 + 180 + 60 = 250 mL
答え
V = 250 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 10 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面積
BSA = √(182·79/3600) = √3.994 = 1.998 m²
投与量
D = 60·1.998 = 119.9 mg
答え
D = 119.9 mg
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 480 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
40·60/60 = 40 mL/h
体積
V = 40·12 = 480 mL
答え
V = 480 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: R = 25 gtt/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 23/min → 2
SpO₂ 99% → 0
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 150 mmHg → 0
HR 88/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 39.6 °C → 2
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 2 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 = 6
3点のパラメータはありません。
リスク群
中
答え
中
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
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