The intact skin over a patient's heel is deep purple and feels boggy. What should be suspected?
AA normal bruise from a minor knock
BA suspected deep tissue injury
CA category 1 pressure ulcer that will heal by itself
DA fungal skin infection
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
空気予防策中の患者のケアを終えた後、N95マスクはいつ外しますか?
A外さない(勤務の間中ずっと着用する)
B部屋の中で手袋を外す前
C入室した直後
D部屋を出てドアを閉めた後
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has a needlestick from a patient known to have hepatitis C. Which statement about management is correct?
AThere is no preventive drug, so baseline and follow-up testing are done to detect infection early
BHepatitis C immune globulin is given within 24 hours, followed by a booster dose
CThe hepatitis C vaccine series is started at once, with a booster dose six months later
DNo follow-up is needed because hepatitis C does not spread by needles
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Which infant with gastroenteritis should the nurse see first?
AMild diaper rash, otherwise playful
BLethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
CTwo loose stools today, feeding well
DAlert, crying with tears, had a wet diaper an hour ago
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which patient with cirrhosis should the nurse see first?
ALong-standing jaundice and itchy skin, asking for cream
BWants to talk about stopping drinking alcohol for good
CVomiting bright red blood, heart rate 120/min
DLarge ascites that is unchanged from yesterday
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient says they are "allergic" to codeine because it made them constipated. How should this be recorded?
AIt should not be recorded at all
BAs a severe anaphylactic allergy to all opioids
CAs a side effect or intolerance, not a true allergy
DAs an allergy to all painkillers
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A drowsy patient in recovery is making snoring sounds and the SpO2 is falling. What is the first action?
ALie the patient face down
BGive sips of oral fluid to clear the throat and wake them
COpen the airway with a head tilt–chin lift or jaw thrust
DWait for the patient to wake up fully
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
In countries that screen all pregnant women (such as the US), a vaginal-rectal swab is taken at about 36–37 weeks. Which organism is it screening for?
ACandida albicans
BStaphylococcus aureus
CGroup B Streptococcus
DHepatitis B virus
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient's results: sodium 140 mEq/L, chloride 100 mEq/L, bicarbonate 12 mEq/L. What is the anion gap, and what does it suggest?
A52 mEq/L, a very high anion gap
B40 mEq/L, a high anion gap
C28 mEq/L, a high anion gap
D12 mEq/L, a normal anion gap
11.薬理学ふつう
スタチンの重大だがまれな副作用で、患者がすぐに報告すべきものはどれですか?
A足首のむくみ
B金属のような味
C空咳
D原因のわからない筋肉の痛みや脱力
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking carbimazole or methimazole (thiamazole) for Graves' disease reports a sore throat and fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?
AThyroid storm; double the next dose of the drug
BAgranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
CA common cold; advise rest and fluids and continue the drug as usual
DHypothyroidism; add levothyroxine at once
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?
ABrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
BPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
CA cold, white foot with no pulse
DA sharply defined red patch with fever
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Ten days after cardiac surgery, a patient has a fever, a red sternal wound with discharge and a clicking feeling in the chest when coughing. What should the nurse suspect?
APericarditis from the operation
BSternal wound infection with an unstable sternum
CCostochondritis caused by forceful coughing
DNormal wound healing with some expected discharge
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?
ARestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
BDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
CGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
DGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?
AContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
BLower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
CStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
DGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
How should a patient use an incentive spirometer after surgery?
ABlow out as hard and as fast as possible
BBreathe quickly in and out ten times in a row
CUse it once a day, just before going to sleep at night
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 78 kg、身長は 155 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
78 kg155 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · ベッドの頭側を約 30~45 度上げる
これが答えになる理由
注入中と注入後にベッドの頭側を上げると、逆流と肺への誤嚥を防ぐのに役立ちます。
答え
B · ベッドの頭側を約 30~45 度上げる
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · A suspected deep tissue injury
これが答えになる理由
A purple or maroon area of intact skin, often firm or boggy, suggests deep tissue injury from pressure and shear. It can quickly become a deep open ulcer, so pressure must be removed at once.
答え: A · There is no preventive drug, so baseline and follow-up testing are done to detect infection early
これが答えになる理由
There is no vaccine or post-exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis C. The exposure is reported, baseline tests are taken and follow-up testing identifies infection early, because effective treatment is available.
答え
A · There is no preventive drug, so baseline and follow-up testing are done to detect infection early
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Lethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
これが答えになる理由
Lethargy, a sunken fontanel and no urine for hours suggest severe dehydration, which can lead to shock in infants. The other infants are well hydrated.
答え
B · Lethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Vomiting bright red blood, heart rate 120/min
これが答えになる理由
Vomiting blood with a fast pulse suggests bleeding esophageal varices, which can quickly be fatal. The other findings are chronic or stable.
答え
C · Vomiting bright red blood, heart rate 120/min
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · As a side effect or intolerance, not a true allergy
これが答えになる理由
Constipation is a predictable side effect of opioids, not an immune response. Recording it accurately avoids withholding useful medicines while still noting the patient's experience.
答え
C · As a side effect or intolerance, not a true allergy
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Open the airway with a head tilt–chin lift or jaw thrust
これが答えになる理由
In a drowsy patient the tongue can fall back and obstruct the airway, causing snoring. Simple airway manoeuvres, oxygen and, if needed, an airway adjunct are used while help is called.
答え
C · Open the airway with a head tilt–chin lift or jaw thrust
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Group B Streptococcus
これが答えになる理由
Group B streptococci can colonize the vagina and rectum and can cause severe infection in newborns. Women who test positive receive IV antibiotics during labor to reduce transmission to the baby. The UK does not screen all women routinely; it uses a risk-based approach instead.
答え
C · Group B Streptococcus
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · 28 mEq/L, a high anion gap
これが答えになる理由
The anion gap is 140 − (100 + 12) = 28 mEq/L; a typical normal value is about 8–12 mEq/L when potassium is not included. A high anion gap metabolic acidosis suggests unmeasured acids, for example ketones in DKA or lactate in shock.
答え: B · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
これが答えになる理由
Thionamides can cause agranulocytosis, which leaves the patient unable to fight infection. Sore throat, fever or mouth ulcers need an urgent full blood count, and the drug is stopped while waiting.
答え
B · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Brown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
これが答えになる理由
High venous pressure causes oedema and leakage of red cells, depositing haemosiderin (brown staining), with venous eczema and lipodermatosclerosis. Pale, shiny, hairless skin suggests arterial disease. Venous ulcers often form above the medial malleolus.
答え
A · Brown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Sternal wound infection with an unstable sternum
これが答えになる理由
Deep sternal wound infection and sternal dehiscence are serious complications, more common with diabetes, obesity and COPD. Signs include fever, wound discharge, redness and an unstable or clicking sternum. Urgent surgical review, wound swabs, blood cultures and antibiotics are needed.
答え
B · Sternal wound infection with an unstable sternum
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Good hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
これが答えになる理由
Iodinated contrast can contribute to AKI in at-risk patients. Good hydration, using the lowest dose needed, avoiding nephrotoxic drugs and checking kidney function afterwards help reduce the risk.
答え
D · Good hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
これが答えになる理由
Loss of sympathetic tone causes orthostatic hypotension after high spinal injuries. The patient is reclined, and later raised gradually, often with compression stockings, an abdominal binder and sometimes medicines.
答え
B · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Breathe in slowly and deeply, then hold briefly
これが答えになる理由
Slow, deep inspiration with a short hold expands the alveoli and helps prevent atelectasis. It is repeated regularly while awake, together with coughing and good pain control.
答え
D · Breathe in slowly and deeply, then hold briefly
答え: A · Help her sit, then stand slowly with support
これが答えになる理由
Orthostatic hypotension is common after birth. The nurse helps her sit at the edge of the bed, dangle her legs, then stand slowly with assistance and stays close in case she feels faint.
答え
A · Help her sit, then stand slowly with support
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Hearing loss and developmental delay
これが答えになる理由
Congenital CMV is a leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss and can cause microcephaly and developmental delay. Hand hygiene after contact with young children's saliva and urine reduces the risk.
答え
C · Hearing loss and developmental delay
21.小児看護
答え: A · A written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
これが答えになる理由
Schools need an individual action plan describing symptoms and steps, staff trained to recognise anaphylaxis and give adrenaline, and auto-injectors that are always quickly available. Avoiding the allergen and not sharing food also help.
答え
A · A written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
22.小児看護
答え: A · About 6 or more wet nappies a day, regular yellow stools and steady weight gain
これが答えになる理由
After the first few days, signs of good intake include at least about 6 heavy wet nappies a day, frequent yellow stools, contented behaviour after feeds and weight gain. Most babies regain their birth weight by about 2 weeks.
答え
A · About 6 or more wet nappies a day, regular yellow stools and steady weight gain
23.精神看護
答え: B · State the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently
これが答えになる理由
Effective limit setting is clear, calm and consistent across the whole team. The behaviour expected and the consequence are stated in advance and applied without anger or punishment.
答え
B · State the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
98.2 − 32 = 66.2
5/9を掛ける
T = 66.2·5/9 = 36.78 ≈ 36.8 °C
答え
T = 36.8 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 315 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
1½ tbsp = 1.5·15 = 22.5 mL
1 カップ = 1·240 = 240 mL
1½ fl oz = 1.5·30 = 45 mL
1½ tsp = 1.5·5 = 7.5 mL
足す
V = 22.5 + 240 + 45 + 7.5 = 315 mL
答え
V = 315 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 453.8 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。