During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO2, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?
AAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction
BMalignant hyperthermia
CHypoglycemia from fasting
DHypovolemic shock
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-1 blocker. What should the nurse advise about the first dose?
ATake it only if the urine is darker than usual
BExpect a short rise in blood pressure after the dose
CTake it in the morning with a cup of strong coffee to stay alert
DTake it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
12.薬理学むずかしい
結核のイソニアジドと一緒に、ピリドキシン(ビタミン B6)がよく投与されるのはなぜですか?
A末梢神経障害を防ぐため
Bイソニアジドによる肝障害を防ぐため
C細菌の耐性を減らすため
Dイソニアジドの吸収を高めるため
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
胸腔ドレーンの液面が、動かなくなりました。何が考えられますか?
A肺が再膨張したか、チューブが折れ曲がっているか閉塞している
Bドレナージユニットが腹部の排液を始めた
C反対側に新たな気胸が起きた
D室内の水位が高すぎて動けなくなった
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Shortly after a thoracentesis, a patient becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and reduced breath sounds on the same side. What complication is most likely?
APulmonary embolism from the leg
BPneumothorax
CInfection at the puncture site
DRe-accumulation of the effusion
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A conscious patient with a glucose of 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?
AA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich
BGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
CA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk
DA glass of milk and two plain biscuits
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
The nurse has four urology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?
AA patient with stress incontinence asking about pelvic floor exercises
BA patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
CA patient with a suprapubic catheter due for a routine change
DA patient after TURP with light pink drainage and mild discomfort
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which early symptoms suggest local anaesthetic systemic toxicity?
ATingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
BIncreased hunger and thirst over several hours, with a dry mouth
CA red rash only at the injection site, with no other symptoms
DMild itching of the feet the next day
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Using the adult rule of nines, what is the total burn area of the whole right arm plus the whole front of the trunk (both with partial-thickness burns)?
A45%
B36%
C18%
D27%
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman at 32 weeks has varicose veins in her legs. Which advice is most appropriate?
ARaise the legs when resting and avoid long standing
BSit with her legs crossed to support the veins
CAvoid walking until after the birth
DWear tight elastic bands around the top of the thighs
A child is sent home after a minor head injury. Which sign should parents report straight away?
AMild soreness at the site
BA small bump on the forehead
CRepeated vomiting
DWanting a nap at the usual time
22.小児看護むずかしい
A newborn becomes deeply cyanotic within hours of birth and does not improve with oxygen. A prostaglandin infusion is started. What is its purpose?
ATo close the ductus arteriosus and send all blood through the lungs
BTo keep the ductus arteriosus open so that the two circulations can mix
CTo dilate the airways so that oxygen can reach the alveoli
DTo strengthen heart muscle contraction and raise blood pressure
23.精神看護ふつう
Shortly after a sexual assault, a woman in the emergency department is calm, quiet and answers questions in a flat voice. How should the nurse interpret this?
AShe is probably exaggerating the seriousness of what happened, because she does not seem upset
BA controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
CShe is not distressed and does not need any support
DHer calmness shows that the assault did not happen
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient in acute mania has slept for 2 hours in 3 nights, is losing weight and is pacing constantly. Which nursing concern is the priority?
ALow self-esteem
BLack of knowledge about the illness
CDisturbed relationships with her family
DRisk of physical exhaustion and injury
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 注射の投与量の計算結果は 9.5385 mL です。 この練習問題のルールは「1 mL以上の容量は、mLの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
9.5385 mL
x = mL
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 1日4回 を ½ tsp、10 日間と書かれています。1 tsp = 5 mL を用いて、全期間に必要な mL V はいくつですか。
½ tsp1日4回10 日1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 8 kg の子どもに、20 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
8 kg20 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 3350 単位で、薬は 5000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
3350 units5000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
60 滴/mL の輸液セットで 500 mL を 10 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
500 mL10 h60 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 500 mL 中に薬を 1000 mg 含み、8 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
1000 mg/500 mL8 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
Because opioid-induced constipation is so common, a regular laxative is usually prescribed with regular opioids, and bowel movements are monitored.
答え
A · A laxative
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Give the first IV antibiotic dose to a patient with suspected sepsis
これが答えになる理由
In sepsis antibiotics are time-critical, and every hour of delay increases the risk of death. Routine tasks are done afterwards.
答え
C · Give the first IV antibiotic dose to a patient with suspected sepsis
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
これが答えになる理由
“QD” and “QOD” can be confused with each other and with “QID”, leading to serious dosing errors. The word “daily” or “every other day” is written in full instead.
答え
C · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
Diphenhydramine is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion, urinary retention and falls in older adults. It is on lists of drugs to avoid in this group.
答え
A · Diphenhydramine
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Rejection of the transplant
これが答えになる理由
Fever, falling urine output and graft tenderness are signs of possible rejection. The nurse reports promptly, because early treatment can save the kidney.
Malignant hyperthermia is a genetic hypermetabolic reaction to volatile anesthetics or succinylcholine. Muscle cells release calcium, producing CO2, heat, rigidity, hyperkalemia and very high CK. It is treated with dantrolene and stopping the trigger.
答え
B · Malignant hyperthermia
11.薬理学
答え: D · Take it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
これが答えになる理由
Alpha-1 blockers dilate blood vessels and can cause marked orthostatic hypotension after the first dose. Taking it at bedtime and rising slowly reduces the risk of falls.
答え
D · Take it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
Pneumothorax is a common complication of thoracentesis, caused by the needle puncturing the lung or air entering the chest. The nurse assesses the patient, gives oxygen and informs the team, who will arrange a chest X-ray. An effusion re-accumulates over days, and infection appears later.
答え
B · Pneumothorax
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Glucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
これが答えになる理由
About 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets or juice, raises glucose quickly. Chocolate and milk contain fat, which slows absorption. Glucose is rechecked after about 15 minutes.
答え
B · Glucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · A patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
これが答えになる理由
Rigors and hypotension in a patient with a nephrostomy suggest urosepsis, which needs immediate assessment and treatment. Light pink drainage after TURP is expected. The other patients are stable.
答え
B · A patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Tingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
これが答えになる理由
High blood levels of local anaesthetic first cause CNS symptoms such as perioral tingling, metallic taste, tinnitus, light-headedness and confusion, then seizures and arrhythmias. The injection is stopped and help is called at once.
答え
A · Tingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · 27%
これが答えになる理由
The whole arm is 9% and the front of the trunk 18%, giving 27% total body surface area. Superficial (redness only) areas would not be counted.
答え
D · 27%
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Raise the legs when resting and avoid long standing
これが答えになる理由
Leg elevation, regular walking, avoiding long standing and graduated compression stockings improve venous return. Crossing the legs and tight bands at the thigh restrict venous flow.
答え
A · Raise the legs when resting and avoid long standing
Parents should seek urgent help for repeated vomiting, increasing drowsiness or difficulty waking, worsening headache, confusion, seizures, unequal pupils or weakness. A small bump and mild local pain are common.
答え
C · Repeated vomiting
22.小児看護
答え: B · To keep the ductus arteriosus open so that the two circulations can mix
これが答えになる理由
In duct-dependent lesions such as transposition of the great arteries, the open ductus lets blood mix between the circulations until surgery. Prostaglandin E1 keeps the duct open; the baby is monitored for apnoea.
答え
B · To keep the ductus arteriosus open so that the two circulations can mix
23.精神看護
答え: B · A controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
これが答えになる理由
In the acute phase of rape trauma syndrome, survivors may show an expressive reaction, such as crying or anger, or a controlled one, appearing calm or numb. Both are normal responses and need the same support.
答え
B · A controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
24.精神看護
答え: D · Risk of physical exhaustion and injury
これが答えになる理由
Severe mania can lead to dehydration, exhaustion, injury and even death if not managed. Physical safety, sleep, fluids and nutrition come before education or psychosocial issues.
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