A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position is oxygenation usually best?
ALying on the left side
BLying on the right side
CLying face down
DLying flat on the back
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
An 86-year-old has new confusion and a temperature of 37.1 °C. Why should infection still be considered?
AA temperature of 37.1 °C is a fever in older adults
BConfusion is always caused by infection in older adults
COlder adults often have a weaker fever response to infection
DOlder adults normally have a higher body temperature
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Why must visible dirt be removed from equipment before it is disinfected?
AOrganic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
BDisinfectants only work on wet surfaces
CCleaning first is only needed for metal items
DDirt makes the disinfectant react and work too strongly on the surface
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
転倒予防策が最も必要な患者はどれですか?
A退院を待っていて、自力で歩ける患者
B最近混乱が出現し、鎮静薬を使用していて、歩行が不安定な高齢患者
C指示に従える、意識清明で安静臥床中の患者
D指を骨折したが、介助なしで安定して安全に歩ける若年成人
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
看護助手への指示として、最も明確なものはどれですか?
A「部屋に入ったときに何か変だと感じたら、教えてください。」
B「昼食までのどこかで、リーさんのバイタルサインを測って、私のために記録に書いておいてください。」
C「10 時にリーさんの血圧を測って、収縮期血圧が 100 未満なら、すぐに知らせてください。」
D「今朝はリーさんに気をつけて、様子を教えてください。」
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A toddler with tetralogy of Fallot becomes very blue and breathless while crying. What should the nurse do first?
APlace the child in a knee-to-chest position
BLay the child flat on their back
CGive a large drink of water to calm the child
DEncourage the child to keep crying to open the lungs
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Long-term amiodarone treatment can affect which of the following?
AHair colour and nail growth only, with no effect on organs
BThyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
CThe sense of smell and taste only, with no other effects
DBlood glucose and cholesterol only
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient who has had a kidney stone is taught about prevention. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will drink less water so I don't need to pass urine as often."
B"I will try to pass pale urine."
C"I will follow the diet advice for my stone type."
D"I will aim to drink plenty of fluids spread through every day."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?
After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?
AWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
BAfter a full 24 hours without food
COnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
DImmediately after the scope is removed
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?
AA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea
BA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
CA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
DA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?
AExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day
BStop it if the urine stream improves
CStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
DTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has a BP of 190/115 mmHg, a severe headache and blurred vision. Which is the priority?
AGive extra oral fluids to correct the low urine output
BUrgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks
CRecheck the BP at the next routine round
DEncourage a walk to relieve the headache
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?
APeak flow before and after each meal
BBlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight
CReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
DPupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 3 after surgery, a patient has a temperature of 38.6 °C, respiratory rate 24/min, pulse 118/min, BP 92/58 mmHg and new confusion. What should the nurse do?
AEscalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
BRecord the observations and continue routine care
CEncourage oral fluids and wait for the doctor's round
DGive paracetamol and recheck in four hours
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman in late pregnancy has numbness and tingling in her thumb and first fingers, worse at night. What is the most likely cause?
AVitamin K deficiency
BLow blood calcium
CA stroke caused by pre-eclampsia
DCarpal tunnel syndrome
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 16 weeks says she drinks four cups of strong coffee a day. Which response is most appropriate?
ATell her to switch to strong tea, which has no caffeine
BTell her coffee has no effect on pregnancy and she can continue
CAdvise limiting caffeine to about 200 mg a day, roughly two cups of coffee
DAdvise switching to energy drinks, which contain less caffeine
21.小児看護ふつう
Why should a child with diabetes rotate insulin injection sites?
ABecause the same site causes an allergy to insulin
BTo prevent lumpy fatty areas that absorb insulin unpredictably
CTo stop the insulin from becoming less effective over the years
DTo make sure each part of the body gets the same amount of insulin
22.小児看護むずかしい
A baby born to a mother who used opioids in pregnancy has a high-pitched cry, tremors, sneezing and poor feeding. Which plan is best?
AKeep the baby in a bright, busy area of the unit and stimulate them often to keep them awake
BGive naloxone to reverse the effects of the opioid
CDelay all feeds until the tremors and sneezing have settled
DLow-stimulation care, swaddling, small frequent feeds and a withdrawal scoring tool
23.精神看護ふつう
What is the key difference between factitious disorder and malingering?
AIn factitious disorder, the aim is to be seen as ill; in malingering, the aim is an external reward
BIn factitious disorder, the symptoms are not produced on purpose at all
CThere is no real difference between them, and both terms mean exactly the same thing
DMalingering is a severe mental disorder, while factitious disorder is not classed as a mental disorder at all
24.精神看護むずかしい
A 15-year-old tells the school nurse she has been cutting herself and asks her not to tell her parents. What is the best response?
APromise never to tell anyone about it, so that she keeps trusting the school nurse
BExplain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
CTell her that cutting is a phase that many teenagers go through and it needs no help
DPhone her parents at once without telling her
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 5 lb 4 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
5 lb 4 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 2 カップ / お茶, 3 tsp / 咳止めシロップ, 3 fl oz / ジュース, 4 tbsp / 液体サプリメント を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 8 kg の子どもに、7.5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
8 kg7.5 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
体重 12 kg の子どもに、5 mL 中に 120 mg を含む経口懸濁液が一回 5 mg/kg で処方されています。与える量 V はいくらですか?
12 kg5 mg/kg120 mg/5 mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
200 mL/h での輸液が指示されていますが、ポンプがありません。15 滴/mL の輸液セットを使って自然落下で投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
200 mL/h15 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 60 滴/mL のセットで 30 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 600 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか?
30 gtt/min60 gtt/mL600 mL
t = h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。
Gravity sends more blood to the lower lung. Placing the healthy lung down matches more blood flow to the lung that is ventilating well, improving oxygenation.
答え
A · Lying on the left side
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Older adults often have a weaker fever response to infection
これが答えになる理由
Older adults may not mount a fever, and infection can show up as confusion, falls or reduced eating instead. A normal temperature does not rule out infection in this group.
答え
C · Older adults often have a weaker fever response to infection
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
これが答えになる理由
Blood, secretions and soil protect organisms and can inactivate disinfectants. Cleaning is always done first, followed by disinfection or sterilization as required.
答え
A · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
C · 「10 時にリーさんの血圧を測って、収縮期血圧が 100 未満なら、すぐに知らせてください。」
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Place the child in a knee-to-chest position
これが答えになる理由
In a hypercyanotic (“tet”) spell, the knee-chest position raises systemic vascular resistance and sends more blood to the lungs. Oxygen and prescribed medication follow.
答え
A · Place the child in a knee-to-chest position
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Thyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone can cause hypo- or hyperthyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis, liver problems and photosensitivity. Regular monitoring of thyroid and liver function is needed.
答え
B · Thyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · "I will drink less water so I don't need to pass urine as often."
これが答えになる理由
A high fluid intake dilutes urine and is the most important general measure to prevent stones. Dietary advice depends on the stone's composition.
答え
A · "I will drink less water so I don't need to pass urine as often."
いくつかの抗菌薬は、ワルファリンの分解を減らすか、ビタミン K を作る腸内細菌を変えることで、ワルファリンの作用を増強します。そのような薬を開始するときは、INR をより頻回にモニタリングします。食事のビタミン K が増えれば、INR は低下します。確認に用いた資料:Taking warfarin · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · ワルファリンの作用を増強する薬物相互作用
11.薬理学
答え: A · Check cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol
これが答えになる理由
Many combination products contain paracetamol, so a patient can take too much without realising. Regular alcohol use and liver disease also increase the risk of liver damage.
答え
A · Check cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol
答え: A · When the gag and cough reflexes have returned
これが答えになる理由
Local anaesthetic sprayed on the throat abolishes the gag and cough reflexes for a time, so food or fluid could be aspirated. The nurse checks that the reflexes have returned (often after about one to two hours) before giving sips of water and then food.
答え
A · When the gag and cough reflexes have returned
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · A patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
これが答えになる理由
New confusion with hypoxaemia suggests acute deterioration and needs immediate assessment. A COPD patient within their usual target range, a request for tea and an improving DVT are not urgent. Delegated observations must be reported and acted on promptly.
答え
B · A patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Stand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
これが答えになる理由
Tamsulosin relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow within days. It can cause postural hypotension and dizziness, especially after the first dose, so patients rise slowly.
答え
C · Stand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Urgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks
これが答えになる理由
Severe hypertension with headache and visual change suggests hypertensive encephalopathy. This needs urgent medical treatment and neurological monitoring. Seizures can occur.
答え
B · Urgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Return of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
これが答えになる理由
The nurse monitors the level of the block, recovery of leg movement and sensation, BP and bladder function. Urinary retention is common, and early mobilisation is only safe once motor function returns.
答え
C · Return of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Escalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
これが答えになる理由
These findings suggest sepsis with poor perfusion. Urgent medical review and a sepsis bundle, including blood cultures, antibiotics within an hour, lactate, fluids and urine output monitoring, improve survival.
答え
A · Escalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Carpal tunnel syndrome
これが答えになる理由
Fluid retention in pregnancy can compress the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. A wrist splint at night often helps, and symptoms usually resolve after birth.
答え
D · Carpal tunnel syndrome
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Advise limiting caffeine to about 200 mg a day, roughly two cups of coffee
これが答えになる理由
Guidelines advise limiting caffeine to about 200 mg a day in pregnancy because higher intakes are linked to low birth weight and miscarriage. Energy drinks and some teas also contain caffeine.
答え
C · Advise limiting caffeine to about 200 mg a day, roughly two cups of coffee
21.小児看護
答え: B · To prevent lumpy fatty areas that absorb insulin unpredictably
これが答えになる理由
Injecting repeatedly into the same spot causes lipohypertrophy, thickened fatty lumps where insulin absorption is erratic. Rotating within and between sites keeps absorption more predictable.
答え
B · To prevent lumpy fatty areas that absorb insulin unpredictably
22.小児看護
答え: D · Low-stimulation care, swaddling, small frequent feeds and a withdrawal scoring tool
これが答えになる理由
Neonatal abstinence (withdrawal) is managed first with calm, low-stimulation care, swaddling, frequent feeds and support for parents, with regular scoring to guide any drug treatment. Naloxone is avoided because it can trigger acute withdrawal and seizures.
答え
D · Low-stimulation care, swaddling, small frequent feeds and a withdrawal scoring tool
23.精神看護
答え: A · In factitious disorder, the aim is to be seen as ill; in malingering, the aim is an external reward
これが答えになる理由
In both, symptoms are produced or exaggerated on purpose. In factitious disorder the motivation is internal, the sick role; in malingering it is external, such as money, drugs or avoiding duties.
答え
A · In factitious disorder, the aim is to be seen as ill; in malingering, the aim is an external reward
24.精神看護
答え: B · Explain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
これが答えになる理由
Confidentiality has limits when there is risk of harm. The nurse explains this honestly, assesses risk and works with the young person on how and with whom information is shared, in line with safeguarding policy.
答え
B · Explain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 2.39 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
4 oz/16 = 0.25 lb
5 + 0.25 = 5.25 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 5.25/2.2 = 2.386 ≈ 2.39 kg
答え
m = 2.39 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 645 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
5·12 = 60 mg
体積
V = (60/120)·5 = 2.5 mL
答え
V = 2.5 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 50 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。