A patient is on an IV insulin infusion protocol in the ICU. How often is the blood glucose usually checked?
AOnce every 12 hours
BAbout every hour
COnce a day before breakfast
DOnly if symptoms occur
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
In the first 24 hours after a major burn, which laboratory pattern is most expected?
ALow potassium and low hematocrit
BHigh potassium and high hematocrit
CLow sodium and low hematocrit
DHigh calcium and high albumin
11.薬理学ふつう
Which lab tests are monitored in a patient taking carbamazepine?
ASerum amylase and lipase
BINR and aPTT
CThyroid antibodies and cortisol
DFull blood count and serum sodium
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is adenosine used with caution in patients with asthma?
AIt is broken down too slowly in asthma
BIt causes severe hypertension in asthma
CIt reduces the effect of inhaled steroids
DIt can cause bronchospasm
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
恒久型ペースメーカーの植込み後、最初の数週間に一般的に与えられる指示はどれですか?
A1日2回、創をしっかりマッサージする
B6か月以上、三角巾で腕を完全に動かさない
Cその側の腕を肩の高さより上に上げない
D6週間はシャワーも洗身もしない
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
橈骨動脈経由の心臓カテーテル検査の後、最も重要なアセスメントはどれですか?
A15分ごとの瞳孔の大きさと対光反応
B手の循環、感覚、動きと、穿刺部位
C検査後1時間ごとの腸蠕動音と腹囲
D4時間ごとの尿比重
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?
AShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
BThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
CHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
DThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?
A5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
B20% human albumin
C8.4% sodium bicarbonate
D3% saline
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which medicine commonly delays wound healing?
AParacetamol
BVitamin C supplements
CSaline eye drops
DLong-term corticosteroids
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient's long-standing groin hernia has become tender, red and irreducible, and they are vomiting. What should the nurse do?
AAdvise the patient to wear a tight truss and rest
BKeep them nil by mouth and arrange urgent surgical review
CApply a hot water bottle and give a laxative
DPush the hernia firmly back in, then discharge home
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Why is mild anaemia common in the second trimester even in healthy women?
APlasma volume rises more than red cell mass
BThe fetus breaks down maternal red blood cells
CIron is lost in the urine because kidney filtration rises
DThe bone marrow stops producing red cells during pregnancy
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A labouring woman refuses a recommended caesarean for fetal distress after a full explanation. She has decision-making capacity. What should the nurse do?
AStop caring for her because she refused advice
BPrepare her for surgery anyway because the baby is at risk
CRespect her decision, document it and inform the team
DAsk her partner to consent instead
21.小児看護ふつう
A 20-month-old drinks about 1.5 litres of cow's milk a day and eats little solid food. He is pale and tired. What is the most likely problem?
AIron-deficiency anaemia
BSickle cell disease
CLactose intolerance
DVitamin B12 deficiency
22.小児看護むずかしい
6 歳児が、扁桃摘出術後の痛みに対してコデインを処方されました。看護師はどうすべきですか?
Aコデインはすべての子どもで安全なので、投与する
B誰にも言わずに、粉砕して子どものミルクに混ぜる
C投与する前に、処方者に指示への疑義を確認する
D弱いオピオイドなので、2 倍量を投与する
23.精神看護ふつう
Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine sedation. Why is it used with caution in patients who take benzodiazepines long-term?
AIt causes permanent memory loss after a single dose
BIt causes a dangerous rise in blood sugar
CIt can cause sudden withdrawal and seizures
DIt makes the benzodiazepine effect much stronger
24.精神看護むずかしい
A woman who takes lithium for bipolar disorder tells the nurse she would like to become pregnant. What is the best response?
A"Stop the lithium today so that it is out of your body before you get pregnant."
B"Lithium is completely safe in pregnancy, so there is no need to change anything at all."
C"You'll need to choose between treating your bipolar disorder and having a baby."
D"Please don't stop your lithium on your own. Let's arrange for you to plan this with your prescriber before you conceive."
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 5 ft 3 in です。1 ft = 12 in と 1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をセンチメートルで、cm の整数に丸めて求めてください。
答え: C · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
これが答えになる理由
An adult with capacity can discharge themselves. The nurse explains the risks, involves the doctor, offers follow-up and documents the decision; detaining them would be unlawful.
答え
C · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · The red cells present are saturated, but the blood carries little oxygen
これが答えになる理由
SpO₂ shows the percentage of haemoglobin that carries oxygen, not how much haemoglobin there is. With very little haemoglobin the oxygen content of the blood can be low despite a normal saturation.
答え
A · The red cells present are saturated, but the blood carries little oxygen
答え: A · Yes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
これが答えになる理由
Near misses show where errors can slip through and are reported in the same way as errors that reach the patient. Learning from them prevents future harm.
答え
A · Yes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “I would like you to see him within 15 minutes and consider a fluid bolus.”
これが答えになる理由
A good recommendation is specific about the request and the time frame. Vague statements leave the provider unsure how urgent the problem is.
答え
C · “I would like you to see him within 15 minutes and consider a fluid bolus.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · 点滴が予期せず止まったあとの、発汗、ふるえ、血糖 62 mg/dL(3.4 mmol/L)
答え: A · Offload the heels so they do not touch the mattress
これが答えになる理由
Heels are a common pressure ulcer site. Offloading devices or pillows under the calves keep the heels free of the mattress; massage over bony prominences can damage tissue.
答え
A · Offload the heels so they do not touch the mattress
IV insulin acts quickly and has a short half-life, so glucose is usually checked hourly (or as the protocol specifies) and the rate adjusted. This reduces the risk of hypoglycemia and keeps glucose in the target range.
答え
B · About every hour
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · High potassium and high hematocrit
これが答えになる理由
Early after a burn, damaged cells release potassium, and plasma shifts into the tissues, which concentrates the blood and raises the hematocrit. Later, as fluid returns and the kidneys excrete potassium, hypokalemia can develop.確認に用いた資料:High potassium level · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · High potassium and high hematocrit
11.薬理学
答え: D · Full blood count and serum sodium
これが答えになる理由
Carbamazepine can rarely cause bone marrow suppression and commonly lowers serum sodium. Blood counts, sodium and liver tests are checked, especially early in treatment.
答え
D · Full blood count and serum sodium
12.薬理学
答え: D · It can cause bronchospasm
これが答えになる理由
Adenosine can trigger bronchospasm in people with asthma or COPD. Other treatment options, such as verapamil, may be chosen.
答え: A · Shared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
これが答えになる理由
Haemodialysis involves repeated vascular access in a shared unit, which raises the risk of blood-borne infection. Vaccination, screening and strict infection control protect patients and staff.
答え
A · Shared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · 5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
これが答えになる理由
5% glucose (5% dextrose, D5W) provides free water once the glucose is metabolised. In SIADH, this water is kept, so sodium falls further. Hypotonic fluids are avoided. Hypertonic saline is used for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia.
答え
A · 5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Long-term corticosteroids
これが答えになる理由
Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory phase, collagen formation and immunity, delaying healing and raising infection risk. Other factors include diabetes, smoking, malnutrition, poor perfusion and chemotherapy.
答え
D · Long-term corticosteroids
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Keep them nil by mouth and arrange urgent surgical review
これが答えになる理由
A tender, red, irreducible hernia with vomiting suggests strangulation and bowel obstruction. It needs emergency surgery; the nurse keeps the patient nil by mouth, gives analgesia, and starts IV access and fluids as prescribed.
答え
B · Keep them nil by mouth and arrange urgent surgical review
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Plasma volume rises more than red cell mass
これが答えになる理由
Plasma volume increases more than red cell mass, so haemoglobin concentration falls (physiological or dilutional anaemia). Iron deficiency can add to this and should still be checked.
答え
A · Plasma volume rises more than red cell mass
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Respect her decision, document it and inform the team
これが答えになる理由
A woman with capacity has the right to refuse treatment, even if this may harm the fetus. The nurse ensures she has understood, documents the discussion, continues care and informs the team.
答え
C · Respect her decision, document it and inform the team
21.小児看護
答え: A · Iron-deficiency anaemia
これが答えになる理由
Large volumes of cow's milk are low in iron, reduce appetite for iron-rich foods and can cause small losses of blood from the gut. Toddlers who drink too much milk are a classic group for iron-deficiency anaemia; milk is usually limited to about 500 mL a day.
答え: C · It can cause sudden withdrawal and seizures
これが答えになる理由
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. In dependent patients, or in mixed overdoses with drugs that lower the seizure threshold, it can trigger acute withdrawal and seizures.
答え
C · It can cause sudden withdrawal and seizures
24.精神看護
答え: D · "Please don't stop your lithium on your own. Let's arrange for you to plan this with your prescriber before you conceive."
これが答えになる理由
Lithium in early pregnancy is linked to cardiac malformations, but stopping it abruptly greatly raises the risk of relapse. Pre-conception planning with the prescriber balances these risks.
答え
D · "Please don't stop your lithium on your own. Let's arrange for you to plan this with your prescriber before you conceive."
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 160 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
インチでの身長
5·12 + 3 = 63 in
インチからセンチメートルへ
h = 63·2.54 = 160 cm
答え
h = 160 cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: c = 301 mg/dL
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
c = 16.7·18 = 300.6 ≈ 301 mg/dL
答え
c = 301 mg/dL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 27.8 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 20·1.39 = 27.8 mg
答え
D = 27.8 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 8 mL
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
10·20 = 200 mg
体積
V = (200/125)·5 = 8 mL
答え
V = 8 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 73.33 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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