A 62-year-old with known reflux reports burning central chest pain with sweating and breathlessness that began while walking. What should the nurse do first?
ABook a routine endoscopy for later in the week
BAdvise the patient to avoid spicy food at future meals
CGive an antacid and reassess the pain in an hour
DRecord a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman on day 3 after a caesarean has calf pain, swelling and warmth in one leg. What should the nurse do?
AApply a heating pad and reassess tomorrow
BReport it promptly and avoid massaging the leg
CEncourage her to do vigorous leg exercises
DMassage the calf to relieve the cramp
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman on day 2 after a caesarean suddenly has chest pain, breathlessness, a heart rate of 120/min and an oxygen saturation of 90%. What is the priority?
AAsk her to walk to the bathroom
BTell her to rest and recheck in 4 hours
CCall for help, sit her up and give oxygen
DGive her a laxative for abdominal pressure
21.小児看護ふつう
Which is the main modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes in adolescents?
ABeing of a particular ethnic background
BObesity with low physical activity
CA viral infection in early childhood
DA family history of diabetes
22.小児看護むずかしい
The nurse has taught the family of a 7-year-old with coeliac disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"We will check food labels for wheat, barley and rye."
B"Plain rice and potatoes are fine for him."
C"He can eat normal bread at weekends if he's strict in the week."
D"We will use a separate toaster for his gluten-free bread."
23.精神看護ふつう
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need should a nurse on a mental health ward address first?
AA patient who wants to find a new hobby
BA patient who feels lonely and wants more visitors
CA patient who has not eaten or drunk anything for two days
DA patient who wants to improve her self-esteem
24.精神看護むずかしい
After a serious bus accident, the nurse is helping uninjured survivors. Which action reflects psychological first aid?
AGive every survivor a benzodiazepine at the scene to prevent long-term psychological problems from developing
BAsk each survivor to describe the accident in full detail straight away
CProvide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
DTell survivors that they will definitely develop PTSD
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 少量の注射の投与量の計算結果は 0.80631 mL です。 この練習問題のルールは「1 mL未満の容量は、mLの小数第2位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
0.80631 mL
x = mL
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 21:00 に始まり、翌朝の 01:35 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何時間 t 続きましたか。答えは時間の小数で、小数第2位に丸めてください。
21:0001:35
t = h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 36 kg の子どもに、10 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 40 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
36 kg10 mg/kg40 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
点滴は 1000 mL 中に薬を 25000 単位含みます。指示は 1 時間あたり 1000 単位です。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか?
25000 個/1000 mL1000 個/h
R = mL/h
29.点滴速度ふつう
90 mL/h での輸液が指示されていますが、ポンプがありません。20 滴/mL の輸液セットを使って自然落下で投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
90 mL/h20 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 15 滴/mL のセットで 20 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 450 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
20 gtt/min15 gtt/mL450 mL
t = h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 58 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
Intramuscular injections are given at 90 degrees so the needle passes through the skin and fat into the muscle. Intradermal injections use about 10–15 degrees.
答え
B · 90 degrees
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · An infection or significant inflammation
これが答えになる理由
A raised white cell count with fever usually means the body is fighting an infection or major inflammation. The nurse reports it and looks for the source, including sepsis.
答え
D · An infection or significant inflammation
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · When it is damp, loose or visibly soiled
これが答えになる理由
A dressing that is wet, loose or dirty no longer protects the insertion site and is changed using aseptic technique. Otherwise, it is changed according to policy.
答え
B · When it is damp, loose or visibly soiled
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Discard the syringe and prepare the dose again with new equipment
これが答えになる理由
In aseptic non-touch technique, key parts such as syringe tips and IV hubs must not touch any non-sterile surface. A contaminated key part is not cleaned and reused. It is replaced.
答え
A · Discard the syringe and prepare the dose again with new equipment
Neisseria meningitidis spreads by respiratory droplets, so a surgical mask is worn within close range. Droplet precautions continue until the patient has received effective antibiotics for about 24 hours.
答え
C · Droplet precautions
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Genital fungal infections
これが答えになる理由
SGLT2 inhibitors cause glycosuria, which increases the risk of genital thrush and urinary infections. They can also rarely cause DKA with only modestly raised glucose.
答え
D · Genital fungal infections
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Bleeding from ruptured oesophageal varices
これが答えになる理由
Portal hypertension in cirrhosis causes oesophageal varices, which can bleed massively. This needs resuscitation, urgent endoscopy and specific drug treatment.
答え
B · Bleeding from ruptured oesophageal varices
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · ワルファリンの投与を保留し、処方者に知らせる
これが答えになる理由
INR 5.2 は目標を大きく上回り、出血のリスクを高めます。看護師は投与を保留し、出血の徴候を確認し、処方者に知らせます。処方者は、減量またはビタミン K を処方することがあります。確認に用いた資料:Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Warfarin · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · ワルファリンの投与を保留し、処方者に知らせる
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
これが答えになる理由
Hemophilia A is an X-linked lack of factor VIII, which belongs to the intrinsic pathway, so only the aPTT is prolonged. Bleeding into joints and muscles is typical. Vitamin K deficiency and DIC prolong the PT as well, and ITP lowers the platelets.確認に用いた資料:Hemophilia A · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH)
答え
A · Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
11.薬理学
答え: D · Deep intramuscular only
これが答えになる理由
Benzathine penicillin is a depot suspension given deep IM. Accidental intravenous injection can cause cardiorespiratory arrest and death.
Firm, direct pressure with clean gauze or a dressing is applied to the site. A tourniquet could clot the fistula. If bleeding does not stop, the patient calls emergency services, because fistula bleeding can be heavy.
Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory phase, collagen formation and immunity, delaying healing and raising infection risk. Other factors include diabetes, smoking, malnutrition, poor perfusion and chemotherapy.
答え
B · Long-term corticosteroids
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Record a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
これが答えになる理由
Cardiac pain can feel like heartburn. Exertional pain with sweating and breathlessness must be treated as possible acute coronary syndrome until excluded, so an ECG and urgent review come first.
答え
D · Record a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Report it promptly and avoid massaging the leg
これが答えになる理由
One-sided calf pain, swelling and warmth suggest deep vein thrombosis, and the postnatal period is a high-risk time. The leg should not be massaged, and the provider should be informed for urgent assessment.
答え
B · Report it promptly and avoid massaging the leg
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Call for help, sit her up and give oxygen
これが答えになる理由
Sudden breathlessness, chest pain, tachycardia and hypoxia suggest pulmonary embolism, a leading cause of maternal death. The nurse calls for urgent help, positions her upright, gives oxygen and prepares for investigations and anticoagulation.
答え
C · Call for help, sit her up and give oxygen
21.小児看護
答え: B · Obesity with low physical activity
これが答えになる理由
Obesity and inactivity are the main modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes in young people. Family history and ethnicity also raise risk but cannot be changed. Healthy eating and activity are the basis of prevention and treatment.
答え
B · Obesity with low physical activity
22.小児看護
答え: C · "He can eat normal bread at weekends if he's strict in the week."
これが答えになる理由
Even small amounts of gluten damage the gut lining in coeliac disease, so the diet must be strict and lifelong. Avoiding cross-contamination, reading labels and using naturally gluten-free foods are correct.
答え
C · "He can eat normal bread at weekends if he's strict in the week."
23.精神看護
答え: C · A patient who has not eaten or drunk anything for two days
これが答えになる理由
Maslow places physiological needs, such as food and fluids, before safety, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualisation. A patient who is not eating or drinking has the most basic unmet need.
答え
C · A patient who has not eaten or drunk anything for two days
24.精神看護
答え: C · Provide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
これが答えになる理由
Psychological first aid focuses on safety, calming, practical needs, connection with others and information about support. Forcing people to describe the trauma in detail early on is not recommended.
答え
C · Provide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
25000/1000 = 25 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 1000/25 = 40 mL/h
答え
R = 40 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 30 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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