A patient on peritoneal dialysis has cloudy fluid draining out and abdominal pain. What does this most likely mean?
AA normal finding at the end of each exchange
BToo much fluid left in the abdomen after the drain
CPeritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
DConstipation that will settle with a laxative later today or tomorrow
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which factor is most likely to slow wound healing?
AGood blood glucose control
BAdequate fluid intake
CSmoking
DA diet rich in protein
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with type 1 diabetes is nil by mouth before surgery. Why must their insulin not simply be stopped?
AStopping insulin causes immediate hypoglycaemia during the operation
BInsulin prevents wound infection on its own
CInsulin is needed for the anaesthetic to work
DWithout any insulin they can develop diabetic ketoacidosis
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient who is breathless during a transfusion has hypotension, fever and bilateral lung infiltrates, with no signs of fluid overload. Which complication is most likely?
ATransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
BA mild febrile nonhemolytic reaction
CTransfusion-associated circulatory overload
DA simple allergic reaction with hives
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
An RN cares for a patient on a 24-hour urine collection. Which task can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP), such as a nursing or healthcare assistant?
ADeciding whether to restart the collection after a missed sample
BInterpreting the creatinine clearance result when it comes back
CSaving all urine in the collection container as instructed
DTeaching the patient why the 24-hour collection is needed
What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?
ATo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min
BTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
CTo replace a damaged heart valve
DTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?
AEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing
BLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows
CGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation
DSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
An older patient with a long-term catheter has bacteria in the urine but no symptoms. What is usually appropriate?
AAntibiotics for life to keep the urine sterile
BNo antibiotics, as long as there are no symptoms
CA full course of antibiotics straight away
DRemove the catheter permanently at once
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a carer to give buccal midazolam for prolonged seizures. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will call an ambulance if the care plan tells me to."
B"I will give it into the space between his gum and cheek."
C"I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
D"I will write down the time the seizure started and the time I gave the dose."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What does "neoadjuvant" treatment mean?
ATreatment given only for pain relief
BTreatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
CTreatment that is given instead of any surgery
DTreatment that is given only after the cancer has already spread
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
急性膵炎の最初の数時間に、一般に推奨される輸液戦略はどれですか?
A反応に基づく、目標指向型の平衡晶質液
B患者の反応にかかわらず、非常に大量
C静注輸液はまったく行わず、少量の経口の水を飲むだけ
D晶質液の代わりに、静注アルブミンのみ
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman at 24 weeks says she craves eating ice and clay. What should the nurse assess for?
A rapid weight change over a day reflects fluid, not fat; 1 kg is roughly 1 litre. Daily weights taken at the same time on the same scales are a sensitive measure of fluid retention.
答え
C · About 2 litres of fluid has been retained
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · The front from chest to the level of the sterile field, and the sleeves
これが答えになる理由
Only the front of the gown from chest to the level of the sterile field and the sleeves from above the elbow to the cuffs are sterile. The back, the neckline and anything below the sterile field are non-sterile.
答え
D · The front from chest to the level of the sterile field, and the sleeves
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · The nurse is assessed and kept from patient contact during the incubation period per policy
これが答えになる理由
A non-immune worker exposed to varicella may become infectious before the rash appears, so they are usually excluded from patient contact for the incubation period, and post-exposure vaccination or other measures may be offered.
答え
A · The nurse is assessed and kept from patient contact during the incubation period per policy
答え: C · Peritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
これが答えになる理由
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain is a classic sign of peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. The nurse reports it and sends a sample as prescribed so antibiotics can start.
答え
C · Peritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Smoking
これが答えになる理由
Smoking causes vasoconstriction and reduces tissue oxygen, slowing healing and increasing infection risk. Poor nutrition, diabetes, infection and steroids also impair healing.
答え
C · Smoking
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Without any insulin they can develop diabetic ketoacidosis
これが答えになる理由
People with type 1 diabetes make no insulin, so stopping it causes ketosis and DKA. Basal insulin is usually continued, often with a variable-rate insulin infusion and glucose monitoring.
答え
D · Without any insulin they can develop diabetic ketoacidosis
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
これが答えになる理由
TRALI is acute lung injury within 6 hours of transfusion, caused by donor antibodies activating neutrophils in the lungs. It causes hypoxia, bilateral infiltrates and often hypotension and fever. TACO, in contrast, causes hypertension and signs of fluid overload.
答え
A · Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Saving all urine in the collection container as instructed
これが答えになる理由
UAP can help with routine, standard tasks such as saving urine and keeping the container cool as instructed. Teaching, clinical decisions and interpreting results require nursing judgment and stay with the RN.確認に用いた資料:24-Hour Urine Collection and Analysis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024)
答え
C · Saving all urine in the collection container as instructed
答え: D · To make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
これが答えになる理由
In heart failure with a wide QRS (often left bundle branch block), the ventricles contract out of step. Pacing both ventricles restores coordinated contraction, improving symptoms and survival. Many devices also include a defibrillator.
答え
D · To make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Sit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
これが答えになる理由
This is acute pulmonary oedema. Sitting upright with the legs dependent reduces venous return and eases breathing, and oxygen is titrated to target. IV diuretics, and sometimes nitrates or CPAP, are expected. Lying flat or giving fluids would worsen the congestion.
答え
D · Sit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · No antibiotics, as long as there are no symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Nearly all long-term catheters become colonised. Treating asymptomatic bacteriuria does not improve outcomes and promotes resistance. Antibiotics are reserved for symptomatic infection.
答え
B · No antibiotics, as long as there are no symptoms
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · "I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
これが答えになる理由
Nothing should ever be put between the teeth during a seizure. Buccal midazolam is given between the gum and cheek, so the mouth does not need to be forced open. Timing the seizure and following the emergency care plan are correct.
答え
C · "I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
これが答えになる理由
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is given before surgery to shrink the tumour, which may make surgery easier or allow less extensive surgery. Adjuvant therapy follows surgery.
答え
B · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
Pica, the craving for non-food substances, is associated with iron deficiency. Eating clay or soil can also expose the mother to toxins and parasites. Haemoglobin and ferritin should be checked.
答え: C · They can be introduced from around 6 months as part of solids, and delaying them does not prevent allergy
これが答えになる理由
Delaying common allergens does not prevent allergy, and early introduction may reduce the risk of peanut allergy. Peanut is given as smooth butter or powder, never whole nuts; infants with severe eczema or known food allergy may need specialist advice first.
答え
C · They can be introduced from around 6 months as part of solids, and delaying them does not prevent allergy
答え: D · It would be inappropriate, because seclusion is only a last resort for serious risk of harm
これが答えになる理由
Seclusion is a restrictive intervention used only to contain severe behaviour likely to cause harm to others, as a last resort, for the shortest time. Using it for convenience or punishment breaches patients' rights.
答え
D · It would be inappropriate, because seclusion is only a last resort for serious risk of harm
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 61 in
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
センチメートルからインチへ
h = 155/2.54 = 61.02 ≈ 61 in
答え
h = 61 in
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 2.4 L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1日の容量
100 mL/h × 24 h = 2400 mL
リットルで
V = 2400/1000 = 2.4 L
答え
V = 2.4 L
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 146.7 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
20·22 = 440 mg
1 回あたり
D = 440/3 = 146.7 mg
答え
D = 146.7 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: R = 10 mL/h
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
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