How should an unconscious patient be positioned for mouth care?
AOn their side with the head turned, with suction ready
BProne with the face in the pillow
CSitting fully upright with the head bent forwards
DFlat on their back with the head tilted back
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Which nursing diagnosis is written in the problem–aetiology–signs (PES) format?
APneumonia related to a bacterial infection in the right lung
BTurn the patient every two hours to protect the skin
CPain related to pain, as shown by the patient saying that it hurts a lot
DImpaired skin integrity related to immobility, as shown by a sacral wound
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
手首の抑制具は、どのくらいの強さで固定しますか?
A抑制具と皮膚の間に指が2本入る程度のゆるさ
B患者の手が抜けるほどゆるく
C手首の脈が遅くなるほどきつく
D患者が腕を動かせないよう、できるだけきつく
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient who has had a splenectomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will tell all of my health care providers that I have no spleen.”
B“I will get medical help quickly if I get a high temperature.”
C“I will keep my vaccinations up to date.”
D“Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Before accessing a central venous catheter, what should the nurse do to prevent infection?
ARinse the hub with tap water and dry it
BScrub the hub with an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine and let it dry
CBlow on the hub to remove any dust before connecting the syringe or line
DTouch the hub to check it is clean
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護助手に委任せず、RN が自ら行うのが最も適切な業務はどれですか?
A手術後 3 日目の安定した患者を、廊下で歩かせること
B心不全の患者の体重を毎朝測定すること
C手術後、初めて患者をベッドから起こすこと
D患者の口腔ケアを手伝うこと
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which equipment must always be kept at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy?
AA blood glucose meter and a spare urinary catheter of the same size
BA peak flow meter and a nebuliser
CSpare tracheostomy tubes, including one a size smaller, and working suction
DA blood pressure cuff and a spare nasal cannula and oxygen mask only
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with a possible neck injury after a fall needs their airway opened. Which manoeuvre is preferred?
AHead tilt with chin lift
BJaw thrust
CHyperextending the neck
DTurning the head to one side
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
When do the blood counts usually reach their lowest point (nadir) after many standard chemotherapy regimens?
AWithin 1–2 hours of treatment
BOn the same day as treatment
CAbout 7–14 days after treatment
DAbout 6 months after treatment
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?
APoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly
BMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
CMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
DMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
11.薬理学ふつう
血漿中の薬のうち、受容体に届いて効果を生めるのはどの分画ですか?
A結合していない(遊離)分画
Bグロブリンに結合した分画
Cアルブミンに結合した分画
D赤血球に貯蔵された分画
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on lisinopril for hypertension starts taking ibuprofen every day for knee pain. What is the main concern?
AA large fall in blood pressure, with fainting and falls on standing up
BFaster liver metabolism of lisinopril, so it stops working
CA higher risk of a dry cough than with lisinopril alone
DWeaker blood pressure control, kidney injury and high potassium
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
AA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly
BA leaking aortic valve
CA blocked pulmonary artery
DA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Which task for a stable patient with heart failure can the registered nurse most appropriately delegate to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?
ATeaching the patient about a low-salt diet
BDeciding whether to give the furosemide dose
CMeasuring and recording the morning weight
DAssessing lung sounds for new crackles
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?
ATo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
BTo measure the urine volume more accurately
CTo catch the stone so it can be analysed
DTo remove blood clots before testing
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?
AA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
BAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine
CAn NSAID such as diclofenac
DOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which rule about the sterile field is correct?
AThe area below a gowned person's waist is sterile
BIf sterility is in doubt, the item is treated as contaminated
CA sterile pack stays sterile even when it is wet
DSterile items can be passed across a non-sterile area freely
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?
AMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin
BLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
CSit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
DOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
「リアクティブ」なノンストレステストとは何ですか?
A40 分以内に胎児心拍数の一過性頻脈がない
Bすべての陣痛に遅発一過性徐脈を伴う
C基線心拍数が 160 bpm を超える
D20 分以内に胎児心拍数の一過性頻脈が 2 回以上ある
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with a previous caesarean is having a trial of labour. Which induction agent should the nurse question?
AAmniotomy
BMisoprostol
CA balloon catheter
DOxytocin used per protocol
21.小児看護ふつう
Which instruction about using an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector is correct?
AInject it into the buttock muscle and then let the child walk it off at home
BInject into the upper arm muscle, but only after removing all the clothing first
CUse it only after an antihistamine has failed to work
DInject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
答え: A · On their side with the head turned, with suction ready
これが答えになる理由
Side-lying lets fluid drain from the mouth instead of into the airway. Only small amounts of fluid are used, and suction is kept at hand to reduce the risk of aspiration.
答え
A · On their side with the head turned, with suction ready
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Impaired skin integrity related to immobility, as shown by a sacral wound
これが答えになる理由
A PES statement gives the nursing problem, the related cause and the defining signs. Pneumonia is a medical diagnosis, turning is an intervention, and a cause cannot repeat the problem.
答え
D · Impaired skin integrity related to immobility, as shown by a sacral wound
答え: D · “Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
これが答えになる理由
People without a spleen are at risk of overwhelming infection, especially from encapsulated bacteria. Fever needs prompt medical assessment, and vaccines are kept up to date.
答え
D · “Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Scrub the hub with an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine and let it dry
これが答えになる理由
Scrubbing the needleless connector with an antiseptic, such as chlorhexidine or alcohol, and letting it dry reduces central line infections. Aseptic technique is used for every access.
答え
B · Scrub the hub with an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine and let it dry
答え: C · Spare tracheostomy tubes, including one a size smaller, and working suction
これが答えになる理由
Emergency equipment such as spare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction, oxygen and tracheal dilators must be at the bedside. This allows rapid management of a blocked or displaced tube.
答え
C · Spare tracheostomy tubes, including one a size smaller, and working suction
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Jaw thrust
これが答えになる理由
A jaw thrust opens the airway with minimal neck movement. The cervical spine is protected with manual in-line stabilisation, although opening the airway still takes priority if it remains obstructed.
答え
B · Jaw thrust
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · About 7–14 days after treatment
これが答えになる理由
Chemotherapy damages dividing marrow cells, but mature neutrophils and platelets already in the blood survive for a while, so counts usually fall to a nadir about 7–14 days later, depending on the drug. Infection and bleeding risks are highest then.
答え
C · About 7–14 days after treatment
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
これが答えになる理由
Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so falling urine output and rising creatinine raise the risk of toxicity. The nurse checks deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate and level of consciousness, reports the findings and keeps calcium gluconate available as the antidote.確認に用いた資料:Magnesium Toxicity (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答え
B · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
答え: D · Weaker blood pressure control, kidney injury and high potassium
これが答えになる理由
NSAIDs block prostaglandins that dilate the afferent arteriole and promote sodium loss. With an ACE inhibitor this can reduce blood pressure control and cause kidney injury and hyperkalaemia, especially if a diuretic is also used.
答え
D · Weaker blood pressure control, kidney injury and high potassium
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · A stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
これが答えになる理由
In HFpEF, the left ventricle is stiff and relaxes poorly, so filling pressures rise and cause congestion even though the ejection fraction is normal. It is common in older people with hypertension, diabetes and obesity. HFrEF is mainly a problem of contraction.
答え
D · A stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Measuring and recording the morning weight
これが答えになる理由
Weighing a stable patient is a routine, measurable task that can be delegated, with the result reported to the nurse. Assessment, patient teaching and clinical decisions about medicines require the registered nurse's judgement and cannot be delegated.
答え
C · Measuring and recording the morning weight
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · To catch the stone so it can be analysed
これが答えになる理由
A passed stone can be sent for analysis. Its composition guides diet and drug advice to prevent recurrence. Straining also confirms that the stone has passed.
答え
C · To catch the stone so it can be analysed
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · An NSAID such as diclofenac
これが答えになる理由
NSAIDs are recommended first line for renal colic in suitable patients because they reduce prostaglandin-driven pain and ureteric spasm. Opioids are added if needed. NSAIDs are avoided in kidney impairment.
答え
C · An NSAID such as diclofenac
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · If sterility is in doubt, the item is treated as contaminated
これが答えになる理由
Sterile technique treats any doubtful item as contaminated. A gown is sterile only from chest to waist in front, and wet packaging can let microorganisms through.
答え
B · If sterility is in doubt, the item is treated as contaminated
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Offload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
これが答えになる理由
Offloading the sacrum, keeping the skin clean and dry, ensuring adequate protein and calories, and choosing a dressing that keeps a moist healing environment all support healing. Long periods sitting increase sacral pressure.
答え
D · Offload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
Misoprostol is avoided in women with a uterine scar because of a high risk of uterine rupture. Mechanical methods, amniotomy and carefully monitored oxytocin may be used.
答え
B · Misoprostol
21.小児看護
答え: D · Inject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
これが答えになる理由
Auto-injectors are given into the outer mid-thigh and can go through clothing. Emergency services are called after every use, as symptoms can recur, and a second dose may be needed.
答え
D · Inject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
答え: B · Its anticholinergic effects can cause confusion, urine retention and falls
これが答えになる理由
Diphenhydramine is strongly anticholinergic and sedating. In older adults, it can cause delirium, constipation, urinary retention and falls, and is generally avoided.
答え
B · Its anticholinergic effects can cause confusion, urine retention and falls
24.精神看護
答え: D · Provide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
これが答えになる理由
Non-drug measures, such as clocks and calendars, sensory aids, a normal sleep-wake cycle, mobility, hydration and familiar people, help while the underlying cause is treated. Restraints and frequent moves worsen delirium.
答え
D · Provide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 39.9 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
103.8 − 32 = 71.8
5/9を掛ける
T = 71.8·5/9 = 39.89 ≈ 39.9 °C
答え
T = 39.9 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 660 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
4 tbsp = 4·15 = 60 mL
1½ カップ = 1.5·240 = 360 mL
8 fl oz = 8·30 = 240 mL
足す
V = 60 + 360 + 240 = 660 mL
答え
V = 660 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 307.5 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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