練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 1000 mL のバッグをポンプで 100 mL/h で投与しています。15:30 の時点で 650 mL がすでに投与されています。バッグが空になるまであと何時間 t ですか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
1000 mL650 mL 投与済み100 mL/h
t = h
33.臨床アセスメントスコアふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用のチャートに GCS 9、E2、V4 と記録されています。記録された運動反応のスコア M はいくつで、どの反応を表していますか。数字で答えてください。
GCS 9E2V4
M =
34.臨床アセスメントスコアむずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 53 kg、身長は 180 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
53 kg180 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Recheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
これが答えになる理由
Unexpected findings are validated before action. If the repeat reading is still high, the nurse assesses for symptoms and reports it.
答え
B · Recheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · They may have neutropenic sepsis, which can quickly become fatal
これが答えになる理由
Patients with a low neutrophil count may have few signs of infection apart from fever and can deteriorate fast. Urgent assessment and IV antibiotics, usually within an hour, are needed.
答え
A · They may have neutropenic sepsis, which can quickly become fatal
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Only in an urgent situation where delay would harm the patient, per policy
これが答えになる理由
Pharmacist review checks for allergies, interactions and dosing errors. Overrides are limited to true emergencies and drugs on an approved list, because bypassing review has led to serious errors.
答え
A · Only in an urgent situation where delay would harm the patient, per policy
答え: A · Matching each patient’s needs to staff competence
これが答えになる理由
Assignments are based mainly on patient acuity and needs and on each staff member’s skills and scope. Geography and continuity of care help, but they come after safety.
答え
A · Matching each patient’s needs to staff competence
答え: B · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
これが答えになる理由
An irreducible, painful, tender hernia, especially with vomiting, suggests incarceration or strangulation. This is a surgical emergency because the trapped bowel can become ischaemic.
答え
B · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
PN contains concentrated dextrose, so hyperglycemia is common, especially at the start; glucose is checked frequently and insulin may be needed. Electrolytes, including phosphate, magnesium and potassium, are also monitored for refeeding syndrome.
答え
B · Blood glucose
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
これが答えになる理由
Hemophilia A is an X-linked lack of factor VIII, which belongs to the intrinsic pathway, so only the aPTT is prolonged. Bleeding into joints and muscles is typical. Vitamin K deficiency and DIC prolong the PT as well, and ITP lowers the platelets.
答え
C · Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
11.薬理学
答え: A · Dry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
これが答えになる理由
Anticholinergic drugs block muscarinic receptors, so parasympathetic effects are reduced. This gives dry mouth, tachycardia, dilated pupils, constipation and urinary retention.
答え
A · Dry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
12.薬理学
答え: A · Keep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly
これが答えになる理由
Aciclovir can crystallise in the tubules and cause acute kidney injury. Good hydration, slow infusion and monitoring of kidney function reduce this risk.
答え
A · Keep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Raised above the level of the heart when resting
これが答えになる理由
Elevating the legs above heart level reduces venous pressure and oedema. Compression therapy, walking and avoiding long periods of standing also help. By contrast, patients with arterial disease often find that lowering the legs eases pain.
答え
B · Raised above the level of the heart when resting
Calcium stabilises the cardiac cell membrane and reduces the risk of arrhythmias within minutes. It does not change the potassium level, so other treatments are needed to shift and remove potassium.
答え
A · It protects the heart from arrhythmias
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Monitor glucose closely and tell the prescriber about the hypo risk
これが答えになる理由
The insulin will lower glucose without the carbohydrate it was meant to cover, so a hypo is likely. The nurse checks glucose often, offers carbohydrate the patient can keep down and escalates; IV glucose may be needed.
答え
A · Monitor glucose closely and tell the prescriber about the hypo risk
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Return of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
これが答えになる理由
The nurse monitors the level of the block, recovery of leg movement and sensation, BP and bladder function. Urinary retention is common, and early mobilisation is only safe once motor function returns.
答え
C · Return of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Calcium gluconate gel
これが答えになる理由
Hydrofluoric acid penetrates deeply and binds calcium and magnesium, causing severe pain and possible life-threatening hypocalcaemia. Calcium gluconate gel binds fluoride; serum calcium and heart rhythm are monitored in larger exposures.
By about 9–10 years most children understand that death is irreversible, universal and has a biological cause. Younger children may see it as temporary or as a punishment.
答え
C · About 9 to 10 years
22.小児看護
答え: C · Stop feeds and report at once
これが答えになる理由
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is suspected. Feeds are stopped, the stomach is decompressed, the baby is monitored closely and the medical team is informed urgently for X-ray, antibiotics and possible surgery.
答え
C · Stop feeds and report at once
23.精神看護
答え: A · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
これが答えになる理由
Short, frequent, predictable contacts show acceptance and help build trust. Forcing conversation increases anxiety, while leaving the patient alone can reinforce withdrawal.
答え
A · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
24.精神看護
答え: B · Treatment without consent is lawful only under the conditions and procedures set by the law
これが答えになる理由
Mental health laws allow some treatments for mental disorder without consent in defined circumstances, with safeguards such as second opinions and time limits. Staff must follow these procedures and record them, and should continue to seek the patient's agreement.
答え
B · Treatment without consent is lawful only under the conditions and procedures set by the law
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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