APress over a bony area such as the shin for a few seconds and look for a dent
BMeasure the width of both calves with a tape measure once a week and compare them
CPress on the nail bed and time the return of colour
DPinch the skin on the back of the hand and see how fast it falls back
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses a blood transfusion that the team believes is needed. Which two ethical principles are in conflict?
AFidelity and justice
BVeracity and non-maleficence
CJustice and veracity
DAutonomy and beneficence
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has a non-violent restraint. In most nursing policies, how often at minimum is it released for range of motion, toileting and skin care?
AOnce every 12-hour shift
BOnly when the patient asks for it
CAt least every 2 hours
DOnce a day, during the bath
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches the daughter of a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease about home safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“We put locks high up on the outside doors.”
B“She wears an ID bracelet in case she gets lost.”
C“I keep her medicines locked away and give each dose to her myself.”
D“I let Mom cook alone on the gas stove because she enjoys it.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient has a new plaster cast that is still drying. How should the nurse handle it?
ABy covering it tightly with a plastic sheet
BWith the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
CWith the fingertips, pressing firmly to test it
DBy resting it directly on a hard surface
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which assignment by the charge nurse should be changed?
AA nursing assistant is assigned to help several stable patients with their meals
BAn LPN/LVN is assigned to admit a new patient from the emergency department
CAn RN is assigned to a patient receiving a blood transfusion
DAn LPN/LVN is assigned to give oral medications to stable patients
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with sickle cell disease is admitted with a painful crisis. What is a key early nursing priority?
AApplying cold packs to the painful areas
BGiving prompt, effective analgesia
CRestricting oral fluids
DDelaying pain relief until a diagnosis is confirmed
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
During a general anaesthetic, a patient develops a rapidly rising temperature, muscle rigidity and rising carbon dioxide levels. What should be suspected?
APostoperative infection
BNeuroleptic malignant syndrome from antipsychotics
A patient has fever, chills, flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. Urinalysis shows many white cells and white cell casts. Which condition is most likely?
ANephrotic syndrome
BSimple cystitis
CGlomerulonephritis
DAcute pyelonephritis
11.薬理学ふつう
ACE 阻害薬に特徴的なよくある副作用は?
A低血糖
B血管拡張による足首のむくみ
C空咳
D徐脈
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient receiving a phenylephrine infusion has a rise in blood pressure and a fall in heart rate. What is the best explanation?
APhenylephrine stimulates muscarinic receptors
BThe fall in heart rate shows phenylephrine toxicity of the AV node
CPhenylephrine directly blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart's conduction system
DAlpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?
ATroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
BThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
CTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?
ACheck the weight once a week
BGive large amounts of IV fluid
CEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids
DMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?
AAn allergic reaction to the needles
BFluid is being removed too quickly
CNot enough fluid is being removed
DThe dialysate is too cold
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?
ALemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
BBrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day
CNo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient
DFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Which preoperative blood result should the nurse report to the team before elective surgery?
AFasting glucose 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
BSodium 139 mmol/L
CHaemoglobin 138 g/L (13.8 g/dL) in a man
DPotassium 2.9 mmol/L
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Misoprostol is given for postpartum haemorrhage. Which side effect is common?
AShivering and fever
BBronchospasm in all patients
CBradycardia and hypoglycaemia
DSevere hypertension
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman in labour has a breech presentation and her membranes rupture. What should the nurse check first?
AHer blood glucose level
BThe fetal heart rate and for cord prolapse
CThe baby's sex on ultrasound
DThe colour of her urine
21.小児看護ふつう
Which finding is expected in a healthy 4-month-old?
APulls to stand while holding on to furniture
BHolds the head steady when held upright, with little or no head lag
CSays two or three clear words with meaning
DSits steadily without support for several minutes while playing with toys
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child with cyanotic heart disease and polycythaemia has a fever and vomiting. Why is dehydration especially dangerous?
AIt makes the blood even thicker and raises the risk of stroke and thrombosis
BIt lowers the red cell count and causes severe anaemia
CIt causes the heart defect to close on its own
DIt leads to fluid overload and pulmonary oedema as the kidneys hold on to water
23.精神看護ふつう
リチウムを服用している患者に、塩分と水分についてどのような助言をすべきですか?
A厳格な減塩食を守り、特に暑い天候のときは、できるだけ水分を控える
B毎日塩の錠剤を服用する
C塩分摂取を一定の正常な量に保ち、特に暑い天候のときや病気のときは、十分に水分をとる
Dできるだけ水を飲まない
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient says, "My boss didn't say hello this morning, so she must think I'm useless." Which cognitive distortion is shown, and what is a helpful nursing response?
APersonalisation; advise the patient to ask for a new manager
BCatastrophising; tell the patient that she will definitely not be fired
CAll-or-nothing thinking; agree that the boss is being unfair
DMind reading; ask what other reasons there might be for the boss's behaviour
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重の換算結果は 146.7159 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
146.7159 kg
x = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 1 tsp / 咳止めシロップ, 1 fl oz / ジュース, 1 tbsp / 液体サプリメント, 1 カップ / お茶 を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 tsp = 5 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 25 kg です。指示量は 1 日 7.5 mg/kg で、4 回に等分して投与します。1 回あたり何 mg D 投与しますか?
25 kg7.5 mg/kg/日4× 1 日あたり
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 2900 単位で、薬は 10000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
2900 units10000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
20 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1000 mL を 6 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
1000 mL6 h20 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
500 mL を 8 時間で投与するよう指示されています。6 時間後、バッグにまだ 160 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 元のポンプ速度を何パーセント Δ 上げる必要がありますか?
500 mL / 8 h経過時間 6 h: 160 mL
Δ = %
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 63 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
63 kg12 h尿: 475 mL尿: 325 mL尿: 150 mL
U = mL/kg/h
32.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 1000 mL のバッグをポンプで 150 mL/h で投与しています。11:00 の時点で 500 mL がすでに投与されています。バッグが空になるまであと何時間 t ですか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
答え: A · Press over a bony area such as the shin for a few seconds and look for a dent
これが答えになる理由
Pressing over a bony surface pushes fluid out of the tissue; a dent that stays shows pitting oedema. Its depth and how long it lasts are recorded.
答え
A · Press over a bony area such as the shin for a few seconds and look for a dent
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Autonomy and beneficence
これが答えになる理由
The patient's right to decide (autonomy) conflicts with the team's wish to do good (beneficence). A valid refusal by a competent adult is respected, and alternatives to blood are explored.
答え
D · Autonomy and beneficence
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · At least every 2 hours
これが答えになる理由
Restrained patients are checked often for circulation, skin and comfort, and the restraint is released at least every 2 hours for movement, toileting, fluids and skin care. Exact intervals follow the facility’s policy.
答え
C · At least every 2 hours
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · “I let Mom cook alone on the gas stove because she enjoys it.”
これが答えになる理由
People with moderate dementia may forget a lit stove, causing fires or burns. Cooking should be supervised, or stove knobs removed or controls disabled. The other statements show good safety planning.
答え
D · “I let Mom cook alone on the gas stove because she enjoys it.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
これが答えになる理由
A wet plaster cast can be dented by fingertips, causing pressure points under the cast. It is handled with the palms, supported on pillows and left uncovered to dry.
答え
B · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · An LPN/LVN is assigned to admit a new patient from the emergency department
これが答えになる理由
Admitting a new patient includes the initial assessment and plan of care, which belong to the RN. The other assignments match each staff member’s role.
答え
B · An LPN/LVN is assigned to admit a new patient from the emergency department
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Giving prompt, effective analgesia
これが答えになる理由
A sickle cell crisis needs rapid analgesia, often opioids, within a short target time, plus hydration, oxygen if hypoxic, warmth and monitoring for complications. Cold can trigger more sickling.
答え
B · Giving prompt, effective analgesia
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Malignant hyperthermia
これが答えになる理由
Malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic reaction triggered by volatile anaesthetics or suxamethonium (succinylcholine) in susceptible people. It is treated urgently with dantrolene, cooling and stopping the trigger.
White cell casts show that the inflammation is in the kidney itself, not just the bladder. With fever and flank pain this indicates pyelonephritis. Glomerulonephritis typically causes red cell casts, and nephrotic syndrome causes heavy protein loss.確認に用いた資料:Urinary casts · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Glomerulonephritis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え: D · Alpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
これが答えになる理由
Phenylephrine is a pure alpha-1 agonist with little direct cardiac action. The higher blood pressure activates baroreceptors, which increase vagal tone and slow the heart.
答え
D · Alpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Troponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
これが答えになる理由
Troponin starts to rise within hours of myocardial injury, so a very early result can be normal. Protocols use serial measurements at set intervals, with the ECG and clinical picture, to diagnose or exclude MI. A rising pattern supports acute injury.
答え
C · Troponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
答え: D · Monitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
これが答えになる理由
In acute glomerulonephritis, salt and water retention cause oedema and hypertension. Close monitoring of BP, input and output and daily weights is needed, often with salt and fluid restriction and antihypertensives.
答え
D · Monitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Fluid is being removed too quickly
これが答えになる理由
Muscle cramps and hypotension during dialysis are often due to rapid or excessive fluid removal. Staff may reduce the ultrafiltration rate and give saline per protocol. The dry weight may need to be reviewed.
答え
B · Fluid is being removed too quickly
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Frequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
これが答えになる理由
Regular gentle mouth care with water or saliva substitutes and lip balm relieves dryness and discomfort. Lemon and glycerine swabs can dry the mouth further. Families can be involved if they wish.
答え
D · Frequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Potassium 2.9 mmol/L
これが答えになる理由
Normal potassium is about 3.5–5.0 mmol/L. Hypokalaemia increases the risk of arrhythmias during anaesthesia and needs correction before elective surgery. The other results are within normal ranges.
答え
D · Potassium 2.9 mmol/L
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Shivering and fever
これが答えになる理由
Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, commonly causes shivering and a raised temperature, as well as nausea and diarrhoea. It is useful where other uterotonics are not available.
答え
A · Shivering and fever
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · The fetal heart rate and for cord prolapse
これが答えになる理由
In breech presentations, the presenting part fits the pelvis less snugly, so cord prolapse is more likely after rupture of the membranes. The fetal heart rate is checked immediately and a vaginal examination done if indicated.
答え
B · The fetal heart rate and for cord prolapse
21.小児看護
答え: B · Holds the head steady when held upright, with little or no head lag
これが答えになる理由
By about 4 months most infants have good head control with little head lag when pulled to sit. Sitting without support comes at about 6–8 months, pulling to stand at about 9 months and first words at about 12 months.
答え
B · Holds the head steady when held upright, with little or no head lag
22.小児看護
答え: A · It makes the blood even thicker and raises the risk of stroke and thrombosis
これが答えになる理由
Polycythaemic blood is already viscous; dehydration concentrates it further and increases the risk of cerebral thrombosis and stroke. Fluid intake is monitored closely and IV fluids may be needed during illness.
答え
A · It makes the blood even thicker and raises the risk of stroke and thrombosis
答え: D · Mind reading; ask what other reasons there might be for the boss's behaviour
これが答えになる理由
Mind reading is assuming others' thoughts without evidence. Exploring alternative explanations, such as the boss being busy, helps the patient test the thought and reduce distress.
答え
D · Mind reading; ask what other reasons there might be for the boss's behaviour
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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