A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum has vomited for 3 days. Which urine finding would the nurse expect?
ABilirubin
BRed cell casts
CKetones
DNitrites
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has a sodium of 150 mEq/L, a glucose of 180 mg/dL and a BUN of 28 mg/dL. Using the formula 2 × Na + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8, what is the calculated serum osmolality?
AAbout 300 mOsm/kg, which is normal
BAbout 285 mOsm/kg, which is normal
CAbout 358 mOsm/kg, which is high
DAbout 320 mOsm/kg, which is high
11.薬理学ふつう
ニトログリセリン(GTN)はどのように狭心症を和らげますか?
A冠動脈の血栓を溶かす
B一酸化窒素を放出し、主に静脈を拡張して心臓の仕事量を減らす
C収縮力を高めて、心臓がより効率よく血液を送り出せるようにする
Dβ1 受容体を遮断して心拍を遅くする
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on methadone is also prescribed diazepam for anxiety. What is the main safety concern?
AMethadone causes diazepam to be excreted very quickly
BSevere hypertension from the combination
CDiazepam blocks the effect of methadone completely
DAdditive sedation and respiratory depression
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Septic shock belongs to which category of shock?
ADistributive shock
BCardiogenic shock
CHypovolaemic shock
DObstructive shock
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?
AVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth
BVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
CVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min
DVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?
AHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
BThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
CThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work
DShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?
AGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
BStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
CContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
DLower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why should metoclopramide not be used for nausea in mechanical bowel obstruction?
答え: A · Decline it, to keep a professional boundary
これが答えになる理由
Nursing codes advise keeping clear professional boundaries, and social media contact with patients can blur them. The nurse politely declines and does not share patient information online.
答え
A · Decline it, to keep a professional boundary
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · To find carriers so precautions or decolonization can be used
これが答えになる理由
Screening identifies people who are colonized with MRSA, often in the nose. Precautions and, in some cases, decolonization reduce spread and the risk of the patient’s own infection after surgery.
答え
D · To find carriers so precautions or decolonization can be used
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Small currents can travel along the wires straight to the heart and cause arrhythmias
これが答えになる理由
Wires that lead directly to the heart allow tiny currents (microshock) to reach the myocardium and cause ventricular fibrillation. Staff wear gloves when handling them, cover exposed ends and use properly grounded equipment.
答え
B · Small currents can travel along the wires straight to the heart and cause arrhythmias
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Sitting upright with the chin tucked down while swallowing
これが答えになる理由
Sitting upright and tucking the chin narrows the airway entrance and helps food pass into the esophagus. The nurse follows the speech therapist’s plan, which may include thickened fluids.
答え
C · Sitting upright with the chin tucked down while swallowing
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Keep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
これが答えになる理由
Hallucinations and delusions after birth suggest postpartum psychosis, a psychiatric emergency with risk to mother and baby. Safety and urgent specialist care are the priorities.
答え
D · Keep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
Prolonged vomiting and poor intake lead to fat breakdown and ketonuria, along with dehydration and electrolyte loss such as hypokalemia. Urine ketones help assess severity and response to IV fluids and antiemetics.確認に用いた資料:Ketones urine test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Ketones
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · About 320 mOsm/kg, which is high
これが答えになる理由
Osmolality = 300 + 10 + 10 = 320 mOsm/kg, above the typical range of about 275–295 mOsm/kg. The high sodium is the main cause, which points to water loss or too little water intake.確認に用いた資料:Osmolality blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え: D · Additive sedation and respiratory depression
これが答えになる理由
Combining opioids with benzodiazepines greatly increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression and death. If both are needed, the lowest doses are used and the patient is monitored closely.
答え
D · Additive sedation and respiratory depression
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Distributive shock
これが答えになる理由
In distributive shock (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic), vessels dilate and leak, so blood is maldistributed and pressure falls. Obstructive shock includes PE, tamponade and tension pneumothorax; cardiogenic shock is pump failure; hypovolaemic shock is volume loss.
答え
A · Distributive shock
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Via a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
これが答えになる理由
A total laryngectomy separates the trachea from the upper airway, so the patient breathes only through the neck stoma. Oxygen and any rescue breaths must be given via the stoma. These patients are "neck breathers" and often carry an alert card.
答え
B · Via a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Shared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
これが答えになる理由
Haemodialysis involves repeated vascular access in a shared unit, which raises the risk of blood-borne infection. Vaccination, screening and strict infection control protect patients and staff.
答え
D · Shared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
これが答えになる理由
Loss of sympathetic tone causes orthostatic hypotension after high spinal injuries. The patient is reclined, and later raised gradually, often with compression stockings, an abdominal binder and sometimes medicines.
答え
D · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · It increases gut movement against the blockage
これが答えになる理由
Metoclopramide stimulates gastric and intestinal motility, which can worsen pain and risk perforation in complete mechanical obstruction. Other antiemetics are chosen.
答え
A · It increases gut movement against the blockage
Stork bites on the neck or eyelids are flat pink capillary marks that usually fade. A port-wine stain is a permanent vascular malformation; on the face it may be linked with Sturge–Weber syndrome.
答え
C · A port-wine stain does not fade with time
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Sexual intercourse
これが答えになる理由
Women with placenta praevia are advised to avoid intercourse and anything inserted into the vagina because it may cause bleeding. They should report any bleeding or contractions straight away.
答え: B · Poor weight gain, refusing feeds and blood in the vomit
これが答えになる理由
Many babies regurgitate small amounts and grow well; this needs only reassurance. Faltering growth, feed refusal, blood in the vomit, bilious vomiting or breathing problems suggest complications or another diagnosis.
答え
B · Poor weight gain, refusing feeds and blood in the vomit
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。