Which advice is important for a patient on long-term oral corticosteroids?
ADo not stop them suddenly
BTake them only when symptoms flare
CDouble the dose if a dose is missed
DTake them on an empty stomach at night
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse realises she has given a patient a medicine prescribed for another patient. What should she do first?
ACheck the patient's condition and inform the doctor
BWait to see whether any side effects develop
CGive the patient's own medicine as well to balance it
DAsk a colleague not to mention it
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
高カルシウム血症に合致する所見の組み合わせはどれですか?
A便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
Bテタニー、筋肉のこむら返り、陽性のクボステック徴候
C唯一のサインとしての、非常に薄い尿を伴う口渇
D尖った T 波と筋力低下のみ
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with C. difficile diarrhea has a white cell count of 24 × 10³/µL and a creatinine that has risen to 2.1 mg/dL (186 µmol/L). What does this indicate?
AUnrelated chronic kidney disease
BMild infection needing no treatment
CSevere C. difficile infection
DSuccessful response to treatment
11.薬理学ふつう
Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?
ARapid rise in cholesterol
BPericarditis caused by infection
CCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
DSevere hypertension during the infusion itself
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient took a doxycycline tablet with a sip of water just before lying down. Now swallowing is very painful. What is the most likely cause?
AOral candidiasis from the antibiotic
BAn allergic reaction to the tablet coating
CPill-induced oesophagitis
DGastric ulcer caused by doxycycline
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?
答え: A · Patients have a legal right to request access to their records
これが答えになる理由
Under data protection law, patients can request access to their health records. The nurse explains the local process for making a request.
答え
A · Patients have a legal right to request access to their records
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Protect the head, move objects away, time it and do not restrain
これが答えになる理由
During a seizure the nurse keeps the patient safe, notes the time and the features, and never puts anything in the mouth. Afterwards the patient is placed in the recovery position and the airway checked.
答え
C · Protect the head, move objects away, time it and do not restrain
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Goggles or a face shield worn over the glasses
これが答えになる理由
Prescription glasses do not protect against splashes from the sides, top or bottom. Goggles or a face shield that fit over them are worn when splashes are likely.
答え
D · Goggles or a face shield worn over the glasses
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Avoid direct patient care and handling of equipment until it heals, and see occupational health
これが答えになる理由
Weeping skin lesions increase the risk of passing organisms to patients and of the nurse picking up bloodborne pathogens. The nurse should avoid direct patient contact and handling of patient equipment until the condition is assessed and resolved.
答え
B · Avoid direct patient care and handling of equipment until it heals, and see occupational health
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
これが答えになる理由
A fever in an infant under about 3 months old needs urgent assessment, because serious bacterial infection is more likely and signs can be subtle. The other calls are routine.
答え
B · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
Long-term steroids suppress the adrenal glands, so stopping suddenly can cause adrenal crisis. Patients should carry a steroid alert card or medical ID and follow sick-day guidance.
答え
A · Do not stop them suddenly
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Check the patient's condition and inform the doctor
これが答えになる理由
The first priority is the patient: assess them and inform the prescriber so that any treatment can be given. The error must then be documented, reported and discussed openly with the patient (open disclosure; in the UK, the statutory duty of candour).
答え
A · Check the patient's condition and inform the doctor
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · 便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
これが答えになる理由
高カルシウムは神経と筋の興奮性を低下させ、疲労、便秘、錯乱、骨の痛み、腎結石を起こします。テタニーとクボステック徴候は、低カルシウムのサインです。確認に用いた資料:Calcium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · 便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Severe C. difficile infection
これが答えになる理由
A white count of 15 × 10³/µL or more or a creatinine above 1.5 mg/dL marks severe C. difficile infection. These patients need prompt treatment, fluid replacement and close monitoring for complications such as toxic megacolon. Contact precautions with soap-and-water hand hygiene are used.
答え
C · Severe C. difficile infection
11.薬理学
答え: C · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin can damage heart muscle, and the risk increases with cumulative dose. Heart function is assessed before and during treatment; the drug can also turn urine red.
答え
C · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
12.薬理学
答え: C · Pill-induced oesophagitis
これが答えになる理由
Doxycycline can cause oesophageal ulceration if it stays in the oesophagus. It is taken with a full glass of water while upright, and the patient stays upright for at least 30 minutes.
答え
C · Pill-induced oesophagitis
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · A nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
これが答えになる理由
Continuous nitrate use leads to tolerance within days. A daily nitrate-free period (often overnight, when angina is least likely) keeps the drug effective. Patients are taught to rotate patch sites.
答え: D · "I can stop the tablets once I feel back to normal."
これが答えになる理由
In Hashimoto's thyroiditis the gland is permanently damaged, so levothyroxine is usually lifelong. Feeling well shows that the dose is right, not that the disease is cured. Stopping causes symptoms to return.
答え
D · "I can stop the tablets once I feel back to normal."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Tingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
これが答えになる理由
High blood levels of local anaesthetic first cause CNS symptoms such as perioral tingling, metallic taste, tinnitus, light-headedness and confusion, then seizures and arrhythmias. The injection is stopped and help is called at once.
答え
A · Tingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Itching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
これが答えになる理由
Latex–fruit syndrome links latex allergy with foods such as banana, avocado, kiwi and chestnut. Repeated exposure, for example through many operations or catheters, also increases risk.
答え
C · Itching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Walking and upright positions can help progress
これが答えになる理由
Upright positions and mobility in the first stage can shorten labour and reduce the need for epidurals. She can choose positions that feel comfortable.
答え
A · Walking and upright positions can help progress
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · It is a screening test, so a diagnostic test is offered to confirm it
これが答えになる理由
Cell-free DNA testing analyses placental DNA in the mother's blood. It is very accurate but remains a screening test, so a high-chance result is confirmed by chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis.
答え
C · It is a screening test, so a diagnostic test is offered to confirm it
21.小児看護
答え: A · Yes; asking directly does not increase the risk and helps find those who need help
これが答えになる理由
Asking clearly and calmly about suicidal thoughts does not increase risk and often brings relief. It allows the nurse to assess risk, keep the young person safe and refer for mental health support.
答え
A · Yes; asking directly does not increase the risk and helps find those who need help
Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist used in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It may be combined with a cholinesterase inhibitor.
答え
A · It blocks NMDA glutamate receptors
24.精神看護
答え: A · Stay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
これが答えになる理由
A voluntary patient who shows immediate serious risk may need urgent assessment under mental health legislation, which often includes short-term holding powers for nurses. The nurse acts quickly to keep him safe.
答え
A · Stay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
15·14 = 210 mg
体積
V = (210/200)·5 = 5.25 ≈ 5.3 mL
答え
V = 5.3 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 10 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
30/60 = 0.5 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 0.5·20 = 10 gtt/min
答え
R = 10 gtt/min
30.点滴速度
答え: R = 7.5 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 14/min → 0
SpO₂ 99% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 130 mmHg → 0
HR 64/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 38.4 °C → 1
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 1
3点のパラメータはありません。
リスク群
低
答え
低
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