A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position is oxygenation usually best?
ALying on the left side
BLying face down
CLying on the right side
DLying flat on the back
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting and not eating. Which advice is correct?
ADrink only sugar-free fluids and stop testing for ketones until better
BHalve every dose and stop testing the glucose
CKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
DStop all insulin until eating normally again
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse has just given an intramuscular injection with a safety needle. What should the nurse do next with the needle?
AActivate the safety device and drop it into a sharps container at once
BLay it on the medication tray and discard it later
CBend the needle to make it unusable, then discard it
DRecap it carefully with both hands and dispose of it after the drug round
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse caring for a patient with influenza on droplet precautions will assist with an aerosol-generating procedure, such as bronchoscopy. What change in PPE is needed?
AWear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
BWear gloves only, because the procedure is short
CWear two surgical masks, one on top of the other, for the length of the procedure
DNo change, because influenza only needs droplet precautions
A woman is convinced that a famous actor she has never met is secretly in love with her and sends her signals through his films. Which type of delusion is this?
ANihilistic
BSomatic
CErotomanic
DGrandiose
24.精神看護むずかしい
ECT の直後、患者は回復室で眠そうにしています。看護の優先事項は何ですか?
A永続的な障害がないか確かめるため、長期記憶を詳しくテストする
B気道を確保し、患者を横向きにして、バイタルサインをモニタリングする
C患者に 1 人で病棟まで歩いて戻るよう頼む
Dすぐにたっぷり朝食を与える
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の体温は 35.9 °C です。°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 を使って華氏 T に換算してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
35.9 °C
T = °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴は 4 mcg/min を投与します。この投与速度 D を mg/h で表してください。
4 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 14 kg の子どもに、7.5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
14 kg7.5 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 6800 単位で、薬は 10000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
6800 units10000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
10 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1500 mL を 5 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
1500 mL5 h10 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 20 滴/mL のセットで 50 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 600 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか?
50 gtt/min20 gtt/mL600 mL
t = h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。
Gravity sends more blood to the lower lung. Placing the healthy lung down matches more blood flow to the lung that is ventilating well, improving oxygenation.
答え
A · Lying on the left side
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Keep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
これが答えになる理由
Sick-day rules say people with type 1 diabetes should never stop their insulin, as illness increases glucose and the risk of ketoacidosis. Frequent testing and early advice are needed.
答え
C · Keep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Activate the safety device and drop it into a sharps container at once
これが答えになる理由
Used needles are never recapped with two hands, bent or left lying around. The safety feature is activated straight away and the needle goes into a puncture-resistant sharps container at the point of use.
答え
A · Activate the safety device and drop it into a sharps container at once
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
これが答えになる理由
Aerosol-generating procedures can spread influenza in small particles that a surgical mask does not filter well. Staff wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 in the US, FFP3 in the UK), eye protection, gown and gloves, and the number of people in the room is kept low.
答え
A · Wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
In sepsis, falling platelets (coagulation), a rising creatinine (kidney) and a raised bilirubin (liver) show organ dysfunction, which indicates severe disease. The other sets are normal or near normal.確認に用いた資料:Bacterial Sepsis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023); Laboratory Evaluation of Sepsis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
D · Platelets 70 × 10³/µL, creatinine doubled, bilirubin raised
11.薬理学
答え: C · Involuntary movements of the lips, tongue and face after long-term antipsychotic use
これが答えになる理由
Tardive dyskinesia develops after months or years of dopamine-blocking drugs and may be permanent. Patients are screened regularly so that treatment can be changed early.
答え
C · Involuntary movements of the lips, tongue and face after long-term antipsychotic use
12.薬理学
答え: D · Donepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
これが答えになる理由
Donepezil raises acetylcholine levels, while memantine reduces excitotoxic glutamate activity at NMDA receptors. Both give symptomatic benefit only.
答え
D · Donepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
答え: B · Call for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
これが答えになる理由
In the first days after a tracheostomy, the tract is immature and the tube can easily be misplaced into the tissues. Emergency guidance is to call for an airway expert, apply oxygen to face and stoma and assess breathing. Reinsertion is done only by trained staff.
答え
B · Call for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Receptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
これが答えになる理由
Receptive aphasia comes from damage to Wernicke's area in the dominant temporal lobe. Speech is fluent but often meaningless, and comprehension is impaired. Patients are often unaware of their errors.
答え
A · Receptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · The eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
これが答えになる理由
Tamsulosin blocks alpha-1A receptors in the iris dilator muscle as well as in the prostate, which can cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome during cataract surgery. The effect can persist after the drug is stopped, so the surgeon must know in advance to plan the operation. Whether to pause it is a decision for the team.
答え
A · The eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Emptying the pouch and measuring the output
これが答えになる理由
Emptying and measuring output is a routine task. Assessment of the stoma, teaching and decisions about treatment remain with the registered nurse, who reviews the recorded output.
Pressure from forceps blades on the facial nerve can cause temporary facial palsy, with asymmetry when the baby cries. It usually resolves within weeks.
食道内のボタン電池は 2 時間以内に重い熱傷を起こすことがあります。元気そうに見える子どもでも、緊急の X 線検査が必要で、電池が食道にある場合は内視鏡による摘出が必要です。
答え
A · 画像検査と摘出のため、直ちに救急への搬送を手配する
23.精神看護
答え: C · Erotomanic
これが答えになる理由
Erotomanic delusions are the false belief that another person, often of higher status, is in love with the patient. They can lead to stalking or unwanted contact.
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