Before fitting anti-embolism stockings, what should the nurse do?
AFit the tightest size available so the stockings give the best effect
BMeasure the legs to get the right size and check for arterial disease
CChoose a size by looking at the patient's shoe size and weight
DFit them over existing bandages or wounds
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Which statement by a visitor shows a need for further teaching about contact precautions?
A"I'll take off the gown and gloves before I leave the room."
B"I'll clean my hands as I leave the room."
C"I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."
D"I'll put on the gown and gloves before I go in."
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with difficulty swallowing is prescribed an extended-release tablet. What should the nurse do?
AAsk the prescriber or pharmacist for another form and not crush the tablet
BCrush the tablet finely and mix it into a spoonful of applesauce or yogurt
CDissolve the tablet in a glass of hot water
DCut the tablet in half so it is easier to swallow
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient’s cardiac monitor alarms often because of artifact, and a colleague suggests turning the alarm off. What is the best response?
ATurn the alarm volume down as low as it will go
BDisconnect the monitor overnight so the patient can sleep
CTurn the alarm off and check the monitor screen at the nurses’ station every hour instead
DKeep the alarm on, fix the cause such as electrode placement, and adjust limits only per policy
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Before giving a medication to a child, which check is especially important?
AThat the medicine cup is the child’s favorite color
BThat the parent agrees with the time it is given
CThat the child likes the taste of the drug
DThat the dose is correct for the child’s weight
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient is admitted with inhalational anthrax. Which precautions are needed?
AAirborne precautions in a negative-pressure room for the whole of the hospital stay
BStandard precautions, because it does not usually spread from person to person
CDroplet precautions with a surgical mask for everyone who enters
DFull contact and droplet precautions for all staff and visitors on the unit
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which group of features is typical of nephrotic syndrome?
ASevere loin pain and fever
BPolyuria, thirst and weight loss
CBlood in the urine, high blood pressure and reduced urine output only
DHeavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
After a viral illness, a patient has sharp chest pain that is worse lying flat and eased by sitting forward. What is the most likely cause?
AStable angina
BPulmonary oedema
CAortic dissection
DPericarditis
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?
AVitamin B12
BFolate (folic acid)
CIron (low ferritin)
DVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on stable digoxin starts amiodarone. A week later, the patient has nausea and visual changes, and the digoxin level is above the range. What is the most likely explanation?
AAmiodarone has raised the digoxin level
BDigoxin has raised the amiodarone level
CThe patient has started a viral illness
DAmiodarone has lowered potassium only
11.薬理学ふつう
ACE 阻害薬はどのように血圧を下げますか?
A血管平滑筋細胞の L 型カルシウムチャネルを遮断する
Bアンジオテンシン I からアンジオテンシン II への変換を阻害する
C心臓の β1 受容体を遮断する
D腎臓でのナトリウム再吸収を増やす
12.薬理学むずかしい
ある薬の分布容積が非常に大きい(例:成人で 500 L)。これは何を意味しますか?
A薬が組織に多く取り込まれている
B薬が腎臓から速く排泄される
C薬を静脈内投与できない
D薬がほぼすべて血漿区画にとどまっている
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which position is usually best for the legs of a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and ankle swelling?
ACrossed at the knees while sitting
BHanging down over the side of the bed
CKept still in a standing position for long periods
DRaised above the level of the heart when resting
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A nurse finds a patient collapsed in bed and unresponsive. What should the nurse do first?
ALeave the patient to fetch a defibrillator before calling anyone
BGive two rescue breaths, then check the blood glucose before calling anyone
CTake a full set of observations, including temperature and blood glucose
DShout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which blood gas pattern is typical of acute kidney injury?
AHigh pH and low carbon dioxide
BLow pH and low bicarbonate
CHigh pH and high bicarbonate
DLow pH and high carbon dioxide only
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on a variable rate IV insulin infusion is nil by mouth. Why is a glucose-containing IV fluid usually given alongside it?
ATo speed up the action of the insulin in the muscles
BTo stop the insulin sticking to the IV tubing
CTo prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
Which measure helps prevent venous thromboembolism after a caesarean?
ABed rest for several days
BEarly mobilisation
CKeeping the knees bent on pillows
DRestricting fluids
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
子宮底マッサージのあとも子宮が柔らかいままで、出血が多量です。優先すべき次の行動はどれですか?
A経口で水分を勧め、1 時間後にもう一度確認する
B応援を呼び、プロトコルに従ってオキシトシンなど指示された子宮収縮薬を投与する
Cチームを呼ぶ前に、自分で 30 分間、子宮底を強くマッサージし続ける
D女性をファウラー位に起こす
21.小児看護ふつう
Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant) on a children's ward?
ACarrying out the admission assessment of a new patient
BTeaching a parent how to give insulin injections
CMeasuring and recording the vital signs of a stable child
DAssessing pain after surgery and choosing the analgesia
22.小児看護むずかしい
On day 5 of chickenpox, a child has a fever again, and one area of skin around some spots has become red, hot, swollen and very painful. What should the nurse suspect?
AA second attack of chickenpox caused by a different strain
答え: B · Measure the legs to get the right size and check for arterial disease
これが答えになる理由
Wrong-sized stockings can cause skin damage or a tourniquet effect. They are not used in significant peripheral arterial disease, and the skin is checked daily.
答え
B · Measure the legs to get the right size and check for arterial disease
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · "I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."
これが答えになる理由
PPE is removed in or at the door of the patient's room and disposed of there, followed by hand hygiene. Wearing it out of the room spreads the organism.
答え
C · "I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Ask the prescriber or pharmacist for another form and not crush the tablet
これが答えになる理由
Crushing or splitting an extended-release product can release the whole dose at once and cause toxicity. The nurse asks for a suitable alternative, such as a liquid or immediate-release form.
答え
A · Ask the prescriber or pharmacist for another form and not crush the tablet
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Keep the alarm on, fix the cause such as electrode placement, and adjust limits only per policy
これが答えになる理由
Disabling alarms is a known cause of missed deterioration. Alarm fatigue is reduced by fixing causes such as poor skin preparation or old electrodes and by setting individual limits according to orders and policy.
答え
D · Keep the alarm on, fix the cause such as electrode placement, and adjust limits only per policy
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · That the dose is correct for the child’s weight
これが答えになる理由
Pediatric doses are usually calculated by weight, and errors can cause serious harm. The nurse checks the dose against the child’s weight and the safe range before giving it.
答え
D · That the dose is correct for the child’s weight
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Standard precautions, because it does not usually spread from person to person
これが答えになる理由
Inhalational anthrax is not spread from person to person, so standard precautions are used. Contact precautions may be added for skin (cutaneous) anthrax with draining lesions.
答え
B · Standard precautions, because it does not usually spread from person to person
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
これが答えになる理由
In nephrotic syndrome, damaged glomeruli leak protein, so albumin falls and fluid moves into tissues, causing oedema. Cholesterol is often raised too.
答え
D · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Pericarditis
これが答えになる理由
Pericarditis typically causes sharp, positional chest pain relieved by sitting forward, sometimes with a pericardial rub. Viral infection is a common cause.
答え
D · Pericarditis
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Vitamin B12
これが答えになる理由
B12 and folate deficiencies both cause macrocytic anemia, but B12 deficiency also damages the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, causing numbness, tingling and poor balance. Neurological damage can become permanent if treatment is delayed.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Vitamin B12 level - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Vitamin B12
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Amiodarone has raised the digoxin level
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone reduces digoxin clearance, so the level can rise significantly, and the digoxin dose is often reduced when amiodarone is started. Nausea and visual changes are classic signs of digoxin toxicity.
答え
A · Amiodarone has raised the digoxin level
11.薬理学
答え: B · アンジオテンシン I からアンジオテンシン II への変換を阻害する
これが答えになる理由
ACE 阻害薬(ラミプリルなど)はアンジオテンシン II を減らし、血管が広がりアルドステロンが減ります。ブラジキニンの分解も減らすため、空咳が起こります。
答え: D · Raised above the level of the heart when resting
これが答えになる理由
Elevating the legs above heart level reduces venous pressure and oedema. Compression therapy, walking and avoiding long periods of standing also help. By contrast, patients with arterial disease often find that lowering the legs eases pain.
答え
D · Raised above the level of the heart when resting
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Shout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
これが答えになる理由
In hospital, the nurse shouts for help, opens the airway and looks for normal breathing (and a pulse if trained) for up to 10 seconds. If the patient is not breathing normally, the arrest team is called and CPR started, with a defibrillator brought as soon as possible.
答え
D · Shout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Low pH and low bicarbonate
これが答えになる理由
Failing kidneys cannot excrete acid or regenerate bicarbonate, causing a metabolic acidosis with low pH and low bicarbonate. The patient may breathe faster to blow off CO2 as compensation.
答え
B · Low pH and low bicarbonate
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · To prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
これが答えになる理由
Without food, an insulin infusion can push glucose too low. A substrate fluid containing glucose is run with the insulin, and glucose is checked hourly so the rate can be adjusted.
答え
C · To prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
Early walking, adequate hydration, compression stockings or devices and anticoagulant prophylaxis for women at risk reduce VTE after caesarean. Pillows under the knees can restrict venous return.
答え: C · Measuring and recording the vital signs of a stable child
これが答えになる理由
Routine tasks with predictable outcomes for stable patients, such as recording vital signs, can be delegated. Assessment, care planning, teaching and evaluation remain the responsibility of the registered nurse, who also reviews the results.
答え
C · Measuring and recording the vital signs of a stable child
22.小児看護
答え: C · A secondary bacterial skin infection
これが答えになる理由
A new fever and spreading redness, heat, swelling and pain around chickenpox lesions suggest secondary bacterial infection, such as with group A streptococcus, which can become serious. The child needs prompt medical review.
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
¾ カップ = 0.75·240 = 180 mL
4 tbsp = 4·15 = 60 mL
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
1½ fl oz = 1.5·30 = 45 mL
足す
V = 180 + 60 + 12.5 + 45 = 297.5 mL
答え
V = 297.5 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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