ALeaving written notes only, without a chance for questions
BGiving handoff in a busy corridor so that the outgoing nurse can leave on time
CUsing a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
DGiving handoff from memory without any structure
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
看護師のどの行動が、手指衛生の5つのタイミングが守られていることを示していますか?
Aベッド柵に触れた後に手指を清潔にする
B2人の患者の間で同じ手袋を着け続ける
C手が汚れて見えるときにだけ手指を清潔にする
D勤務の開始時と終了時にだけ手指を清潔にする
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient with a spinal cord injury at T4 suddenly has a severe headache, flushing above the injury and a blood pressure of 200/110 mmHg. What does the nurse do first?
ALay the patient flat with the legs raised
BApply extra blankets to keep the patient warm and calm
CSit the patient upright with the legs lowered
DGive a warm drink and recheck the blood pressure in an hour
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
During birth, the baby’s head delivers but the shoulders do not follow. What should the nurse do first?
AAsk the mother to stop pushing and wait an hour
BHelp with the McRoberts position and give suprapubic pressure as directed
CPull hard on the baby’s head and neck to free the trapped shoulders quickly
DPush firmly on the top of the uterus (fundal pressure)
A hypotensive postoperative patient is given a fluid bolus. Which findings suggest a good response?
AThe heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
BThe capillary refill time becomes longer
CThe respiratory rate rises and new lung crackles appear
DThe heart rate rises further and the patient becomes more confused
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?
ASave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
BSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
CHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
DCollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A trauma patient receives many units of blood quickly and then develops muscle twitching and low blood pressure. Which laboratory value is most likely to explain this?
AA high serum sodium
BA low serum glucose
CA high serum magnesium
DA low ionized calcium
11.薬理学ふつう
Which assessment is most important during IV mannitol therapy?
ABlood glucose before meals and signs of hypoglycaemia
BPlatelet count and signs of bleeding
CLiver enzymes and signs of jaundice
DUrine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient receiving cisplatin is given large volumes of IV fluid before and after each dose. What is the main purpose?
ATo prevent bleeding
BTo reduce kidney damage
CTo increase drug absorption from the gut
DTo prevent hair loss
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?
Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?
AKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
BDisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
CChange the catheter for a new one every day
DRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A 74-year-old falls forward and hits their chin. Their arms are much weaker than their legs, and they have burning pain in the hands. Which injury is most likely?
ACentral cord syndrome
BA complete lumbar cord injury
CCauda equina syndrome
DBrown-Séquard syndrome
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?
ASteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
BThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
CSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
DSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
D · 助けを呼び、プロトコルに従ってブドウ糖の静注やグルカゴンの筋注など、別の経路でブドウ糖を与える
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Using a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
これが答えになる理由
Many errors happen at transitions of care. A structured handoff with an opportunity to ask questions, ideally at the bedside, reduces missed information.
答え
C · Using a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
答え: C · Sit the patient upright with the legs lowered
これが答えになる理由
Autonomic dysreflexia is an emergency in injuries at T6 or above. Sitting the patient up lowers the blood pressure; the nurse then looks for the trigger, most often a full bladder or constipation.
答え
C · Sit the patient upright with the legs lowered
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Help with the McRoberts position and give suprapubic pressure as directed
これが答えになる理由
In shoulder dystocia, the McRoberts maneuver (flexing the mother’s thighs onto her abdomen) and suprapubic pressure help free the shoulder. Fundal pressure and pulling on the head can worsen the injury.
答え
B · Help with the McRoberts position and give suprapubic pressure as directed
答え: A · The heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
これが答えになる理由
After a fluid challenge, a falling heart rate, rising blood pressure, better capillary refill, improving consciousness and urine output suggest fluid responsiveness. New crackles or breathlessness suggest fluid overload.
答え
A · The heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Have the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
これが答えになる理由
The collection starts with an empty bladder, so the first void is discarded and the time recorded. All urine for the next 24 hours is saved, including a final void at the end time. If urine is discarded by mistake, the collection usually has to restart.
答え
C · Have the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · A low ionized calcium
これが答えになる理由
Stored blood contains citrate, which binds calcium. During massive transfusion, citrate can lower ionized calcium, causing tetany, hypotension and arrhythmias. Ionized calcium is monitored and replaced as prescribed.
答え
D · A low ionized calcium
11.薬理学
答え: D · Urine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
これが答えになる理由
Mannitol draws fluid into the circulation before it is excreted, which can cause heart failure and pulmonary oedema. The large diuresis can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, so output and electrolytes are monitored.
答え
D · Urine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
12.薬理学
答え: B · To reduce kidney damage
これが答えになる理由
Cisplatin is nephrotoxic, and hydration helps protect the kidneys. It also causes ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, severe nausea and low magnesium.
答え
B · To reduce kidney damage
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Within about 10 minutes of arrival
これが答えになる理由
A 12-lead ECG should be recorded and interpreted within about 10 minutes of first contact, because STEMI needs immediate reperfusion. Repeat ECGs are taken if the pain changes or continues. Troponin results take longer and should not delay the ECG.
答え: D · Remove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
これが答えになる理由
The risk of CAUTI rises with each day a catheter is in place. Avoiding unnecessary catheters and removing them early are the most effective measures. A closed system and keeping the bag below bladder level also help.
答え
D · Remove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Central cord syndrome
これが答えになる理由
Central cord syndrome often follows hyperextension of an arthritic neck. The central fibres, which serve the arms, are affected most, so the arms are weaker than the legs. It is the most common incomplete cord syndrome.
答え
A · Central cord syndrome
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · They may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
これが答えになる理由
Long-term steroids suppress the adrenal glands, so they cannot raise cortisol in response to surgical stress. Extra steroid cover may be prescribed, and steroids are not stopped suddenly. Healing may also be slower.
答え
B · They may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
答え: A · Plantar creases only on the front of the sole
これが答えになる理由
Preterm babies have few plantar creases, abundant lanugo, flat areolae, soft ears, prominent labia minora and an extended posture. Creases over the whole sole suggest a term baby.
答え
A · Plantar creases only on the front of the sole
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · "I can use tampons for the bleeding as soon as I get home."
これが答えになる理由
Tampons are avoided until lochia has stopped and the postnatal check is done, because they increase the risk of infection. The other statements are correct.
答え
A · "I can use tampons for the bleeding as soon as I get home."
21.小児看護
答え: C · It increases fetal haemoglobin, which reduces sickling
これが答えになる理由
Hydroxyurea raises the level of fetal haemoglobin (HbF), which does not sickle, reducing pain crises and acute chest syndrome. Regular blood counts are needed because it can lower white cells and platelets.
答え
C · It increases fetal haemoglobin, which reduces sickling
答え: B · Respect her decision, give information about support services and help her make a safety plan
これが答えになる理由
Adults have the right to make their own decisions. Many survivors leave and return several times. The nurse documents carefully, provides resources and a safety plan, and keeps the door open for future help.
答え
B · Respect her decision, give information about support services and help her make a safety plan
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).