In families of people with schizophrenia, which pattern of "high expressed emotion" is linked to a higher rate of relapse?
AFrequent criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement
BCalm, supportive and warm communication
CRegular contact with the care team and other families
DEncouraging the patient to take part in activities
24.精神看護むずかしい
On the day after hip surgery, a 58-year-old patient has a new tremor, sweating, anxiety and a fast pulse. He did not report any alcohol use on admission. What should the nurse do?
AAsk him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
BWait until the next day to see if the symptoms go away on their own once his pain is better controlled
CAssume he has post-operative pain and give extra analgesia only
DTell him that his symptoms are normal after hip surgery
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 投与が 9:25 AM と記録されています。24時間表記で同じ時刻の記載はどれですか。クリックしてください。
9:25 AM
121:25
209:25
308:25
410:25
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 1½ カップ / お茶, 1½ fl oz / ジュース, ½ tbsp / 液体サプリメント を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 15 kg の子どもに、3 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
15 kg3 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 1050 単位で、薬は 5000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
1050 units5000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
15 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1500 mL を 4 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
1500 mL4 h15 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
1500 mL を 10 時間で投与するよう指示されています。3 時間後、バッグにまだ 1320 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 元のポンプ速度を何パーセント Δ 上げる必要がありますか?
1500 mL / 10 h経過時間 3 h: 1320 mL
Δ = %
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 56 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
56 kg8 h尿: 150 mL尿: 325 mL尿: 300 mL
U = mL/kg/h
32.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 1000 mL の輸液を 08:00 に 75 mL/h で開始します。3 時間後に流量を 60 mL/h に変更し、その後は変更しません。開始から何時間後 t にバッグは空になりますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
答え: D · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
これが答えになる理由
When an airborne-precaution patient must leave the room, they wear a surgical mask to contain respiratory secretions. Staff in close contact still wear respirators as per policy, and the receiving department is informed.
答え
D · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
答え: D · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
これが答えになる理由
Eosinophils rise in allergic conditions such as asthma and drug reactions and in parasitic infections. Acute bacterial infection mainly raises neutrophils, and viral infection often raises lymphocytes.
答え
D · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Contact the prescriber to clarify the order before giving the drug
これが答えになる理由
An unclear order must be clarified with the prescriber before the medication is given. Guessing or ignoring the order can harm the patient.
答え
B · Contact the prescriber to clarify the order before giving the drug
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Decontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
これが答えになる理由
A stable, contaminated victim is decontaminated before entering the department, to protect staff, other patients and the victim. Life-saving care may come first only if the victim is unstable.
答え
B · Decontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Offload the heels so they do not touch the mattress
これが答えになる理由
Heels are a common pressure ulcer site. Offloading devices or pillows under the calves keep the heels free of the mattress; massage over bony prominences can damage tissue.
答え
D · Offload the heels so they do not touch the mattress
答え: D · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
これが答えになる理由
When red cells break down early, hemoglobin is turned into unconjugated bilirubin and LDH is released, while the marrow increases reticulocytes. Option B fits iron deficiency, C fits B12 deficiency and D fits marrow failure.確認に用いた資料:Hemolytic anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Reticulocyte Count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Bilirubin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
D · Low hemoglobin, high reticulocytes, high unconjugated bilirubin, high LDH
11.薬理学
答え: C · Deep intramuscular only
これが答えになる理由
Benzathine penicillin is a depot suspension given deep IM. Accidental intravenous injection can cause cardiorespiratory arrest and death.
答え
C · Deep intramuscular only
12.薬理学
答え: B · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
これが答えになる理由
Aripiprazole is a D2 partial agonist, reducing dopamine activity where it is high and providing some where it is low. It causes less weight gain and prolactin rise than many antipsychotics, but akathisia is common.
答え
B · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Vagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
これが答えになる理由
In stable supraventricular tachycardia, vagal manoeuvres slow AV node conduction and can stop the rhythm. If they fail, IV adenosine is usually next. Electrical cardioversion is for patients with adverse features such as shock or chest pain.
答え: D · Start sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
これが答えになる理由
These findings suggest sepsis from a urinary source. Blood cultures, lactate, IV antibiotics within the hour, IV fluids and close monitoring of urine output are started, and senior review is requested.
答え
D · Start sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Constipation
これが答えになる理由
Common side effects of ondansetron include constipation and headache. It can also prolong the QT interval, so caution is needed with other QT-prolonging drugs and electrolyte imbalance.
答え
D · Constipation
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Post-ERCP pancreatitis
これが答えになる理由
Pancreatitis is the most common serious complication of ERCP. Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back with raised amylase or lipase suggests it; management includes analgesia, IV fluids and close monitoring.
答え
C · Post-ERCP pancreatitis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Labetalol
これが答えになる理由
Labetalol is a beta and alpha blocker and can cause bronchospasm, so it is avoided in asthma. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, is often used instead.
答え
D · Labetalol
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · "Holding her on my bare chest keeps her warm."
これが答えになる理由
Kangaroo care places the baby in a nappy against the parent's bare chest. It stabilises temperature, heart rate and breathing, supports breastfeeding and bonding, and is beneficial for preterm babies.
答え
A · "Holding her on my bare chest keeps her warm."
21.小児看護
答え: A · Jaundice, because the breakdown of the trapped blood adds to bilirubin
これが答えになる理由
A cephalohaematoma is a collection of blood under the periosteum. As the red cells break down, bilirubin rises, so these babies have a higher risk of jaundice. The swelling itself usually resolves over weeks without treatment.
答え
A · Jaundice, because the breakdown of the trapped blood adds to bilirubin
答え: A · Frequent criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement
これが答えになる理由
High expressed emotion, including criticism, hostility and over-involvement, is associated with relapse. Family psychoeducation and support can reduce it.
答え
A · Frequent criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement
24.精神看護
答え: A · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
これが答えになる理由
Unexpected alcohol withdrawal is common in surgical patients. Asking about drinking, using a withdrawal scale and reporting early allows treatment before seizures or delirium tremens develop.
答え
A · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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