A patient with a leg injury is climbing stairs with crutches. Which leg should go up first?
AThe unaffected leg
BThe injured leg
CBoth legs together
DThe crutches always go first
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A healthcare assistant (nursing assistant) has recorded a blood pressure of 82/50 mmHg during routine observations but did not report it. What should the registered nurse do first?
ATalk to the healthcare assistant about reporting
BAssess the patient straight away
CRepeat the observations at the next routine time
DComplete an incident report
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient is booked for an MRI scan. What must the nurse check beforehand?
AWhether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
BWhether the patient’s blood glucose has been in the normal range today
CWhether the patient has eaten a large meal recently
DWhether the patient has had a hearing test this year
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
An IV bag from the pharmacy holds the correct drug, but the label shows another patient’s name. What should the nurse do?
ACross out the name and write in the correct patient’s name
BHang it, because the drug and dose are correct
CNot hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
DAsk the patient whether it is fine to use the bag
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will take my water tablet in the morning.”
B“I will call if my weight goes up quickly over a day or two.”
C“I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
D“I will weigh myself every morning after I use the toilet.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An older adult with type 2 diabetes is confused and very dehydrated. The glucose is 900 mg/dL (50 mmol/L), and blood and urine show no significant ketones. What is the most likely problem?
ADiabetic ketoacidosis
BHypoglycemia with rebound
CHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
DStress-induced mild hyperglycemia
7.臨床看護学ふつう
新しく造設した結腸ストーマが術後 2 日目に暗紫色から黒色に見えます。これは何を示していますか?
A便秘
Bストーマの虚血の可能性があり、至急の評価が必要
C対応不要の、ストーマの術後の正常な内出血
D正常で健康なストーマ
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with asthma about a new inhaled steroid "preventer". Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will use it every day even when I feel well."
B"I will only use it when I'm wheezy."
C"I will rinse my mouth after using it."
D"I'll keep my reliever inhaler with me."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
Apart from the lithium level, which tests are monitored regularly in long-term lithium therapy?
ALiver enzymes and serum amylase
BTroponin and creatine kinase (CK)
CKidney function and thyroid function
DINR and the platelet count
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has eaten very little for 2 weeks and has received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The INR is now 2.3 without warfarin, and the platelets are normal. What is the most likely cause?
AImmune thrombocytopenia
BHemophilia A
CVitamin K deficiency
DIron-deficiency anemia
11.薬理学ふつう
A child weighing 20 kg is prescribed a drug at 15 mg/kg per dose. What is the dose?
A300 mg
B3000 mg
C150 mg
D35 mg
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking hydralazine for several months develops joint pain, fever and a rash. Anti-histone antibodies are positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
AGout
BAn acute viral infection
CRheumatoid arthritis
DDrug-induced lupus
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How is the jugular venous pressure usually assessed?
APatient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
BPatient standing with the neck flexed forward
CPatient lying completely flat with the head turned to the right
DPatient sitting upright with the arms raised above the head
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with life-threatening asthma has not responded to repeated nebulised salbutamol (albuterol), ipratropium and steroids. Which drug is commonly given intravenously next?
AMetoprolol
BMorphine
CIntravenous furosemide
DMagnesium sulfate
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?
AA patient with asthma
BA patient with an allergy to latex
CA patient with hypothyroidism
DA patient with heart failure
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Two days after a spinal cord injury, a patient has a swollen abdomen, no bowel sounds and is vomiting. What is most likely, and what is the nursing action?
AParalytic ileus, so keep nil by mouth and prepare for an NG tube
BA full bladder, so encourage oral fluids
CAn allergic reaction to food, so give an antihistamine
DNormal constipation, so give a large meal to stimulate the bowel
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?
AAn ileal conduit draining urine
BA new ileostomy in the first week
CAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
DAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Which history should most alert the nurse to a possible latex allergy before surgery?
AA rash after taking amoxicillin as a child, with a family history of asthma
BItching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
CFeeling sick after eating shellfish once
DHay fever every spring since childhood
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
略語 HELLP は何の頭字語ですか?
A出血、子癇、低血圧
B溶血、肝酵素の上昇、血小板の減少
C高血糖、乳酸の上昇、カリウムの低下
D高血圧、脂質の上昇、蛋白の低下
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A fetus has severe oligohydramnios from the second trimester. Which complication is a major concern for the newborn?
Going up, the strong leg steps first and lifts the body, followed by the crutches and the injured leg. Going down, the crutches and injured leg go first.
答え
A · The unaffected leg
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Assess the patient straight away
これが答えになる理由
A low blood pressure may mean deterioration, so the nurse assesses the patient at once and escalates if needed. Feedback to the assistant and reporting follow afterwards.
答え
B · Assess the patient straight away
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Whether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
これが答えになる理由
The MRI magnet can move or heat metal objects and can stop some implanted devices from working. Patients are screened for implants, pacemakers, metal fragments and metal items such as jewelry before entering the scanner room.
答え
A · Whether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Not hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
これが答えになる理由
A label with another patient’s name means the bag may be meant for someone else or may differ in other ways. The nurse does not use it, returns it and reports the issue so the error can be investigated.
答え
C · Not hang it, and get a correctly labeled bag from the pharmacy
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
これが答えになる理由
Salt causes fluid retention and can worsen heart failure. Daily weights, reporting rapid weight gain and taking diuretics in the morning are all correct.
答え
C · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
これが答えになる理由
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state occurs mainly in type 2 diabetes, with extreme glucose, severe dehydration and little or no ketosis. Treatment starts with IV fluids, as in DKA.
Inhaled corticosteroids must be used regularly to reduce airway inflammation and prevent attacks. The short-acting reliever is used for symptoms.
答え
B · "I will only use it when I'm wheezy."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Kidney function and thyroid function
これが答えになる理由
Long-term lithium can cause hypothyroidism and impair kidney function, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Creatinine/eGFR and TSH are therefore checked regularly, together with sodium and the lithium level.確認に用いた資料:Hypothyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · Kidney function and thyroid function
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Vitamin K deficiency
これが答えになる理由
Vitamin K comes from the diet and from gut bacteria. Poor intake plus antibiotics can cause vitamin K deficiency, which lowers factors II, VII, IX and X and prolongs the PT/INR. Vitamin K replacement corrects it.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin K Deficiency in Neonates and Adults (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Prothrombin time (PT) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Vitamin K deficiency
11.薬理学
答え: A · 300 mg
これが答えになる理由
20 kg × 15 mg/kg = 300 mg. The result is also checked against the safe dose range and the adult maximum.
答え
A · 300 mg
12.薬理学
答え: D · Drug-induced lupus
これが答えになる理由
Hydralazine and procainamide are classic causes of drug-induced lupus, especially in slow acetylators. Symptoms usually resolve after the drug is stopped.
答え
D · Drug-induced lupus
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Patient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
これが答えになる理由
With the patient at 45°, the vertical height of the pulsation in the right internal jugular vein above the sternal angle is estimated. A height above about 3–4 cm suggests raised right-sided pressure, as in right heart failure or fluid overload.
答え
A · Patient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Magnesium sulfate
これが答えになる理由
A single dose of IV magnesium sulfate is recommended in acute severe or life-threatening asthma that does not respond to initial treatment. Senior and critical care help is called early. Sedatives and beta-blockers are dangerous in acute asthma.
答え
D · Magnesium sulfate
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · A patient with heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Pioglitazone can cause fluid retention and oedema, which can worsen heart failure. It is contraindicated in patients with heart failure. Weight gain and an increased fracture risk are other effects.
答え
D · A patient with heart failure
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Paralytic ileus, so keep nil by mouth and prepare for an NG tube
これが答えになる理由
Paralytic ileus is common in the first days after a spinal cord injury. The patient is kept nil by mouth, and a nasogastric tube decompresses the stomach to prevent vomiting and aspiration until bowel sounds return.
答え
A · Paralytic ileus, so keep nil by mouth and prepare for an NG tube
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · An established descending or sigmoid colostomy
これが答えになる理由
Irrigation instils water into a sigmoid or descending colostomy to empty the bowel at set times. It is not used for ileostomies or urostomies and needs specialist teaching.
答え
C · An established descending or sigmoid colostomy
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Itching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
これが答えになる理由
Latex–fruit syndrome links latex allergy with foods such as banana, avocado, kiwi and chestnut. Repeated exposure, for example through many operations or catheters, also increases risk.
答え
B · Itching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
Amniotic fluid is breathed in and out by the fetus and is needed for lung growth. Prolonged severe oligohydramnios causes pulmonary hypoplasia and limb contractures from compression.
答え: C · Possible deliberate immersion; follow the safeguarding procedure
これが答えになる理由
Symmetrical burns with clear edges on the feet, hands or buttocks, without splash marks, suggest forced immersion in hot water. The nurse documents the findings accurately and follows local safeguarding procedures.
答え
C · Possible deliberate immersion; follow the safeguarding procedure
答え: A · Family-based treatment, in which the parents take an active role in restoring the child's eating
これが答えになる理由
Family-based treatment, which developed from the Maudsley approach, is a first-line treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Parents are supported to take charge of meals at first, before control is gradually handed back.
答え
A · Family-based treatment, in which the parents take an active role in restoring the child's eating
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 4.03 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
混合後の濃度
2000 mg/10 mL = 200 mg/mL
体積
V = 480/200 = 2.4 mL
答え
V = 2.4 mL
28.投与量の計算
答え: R = 25 mL/h
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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