ANeeding a higher dose to get the same pain relief
BFeeling no side effects at all from the drug
CAn allergic reaction to the drug
DA craving to take the drug for its mental effects
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
According to current European (ERC) and 2025 American Heart Association guidelines, what is the first action for a conscious adult who is choking and cannot cough effectively?
AGive a glass of water
BGive 5 rescue breaths
CStart chest compressions at once
DGive up to 5 back blows
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A peripheral IV site is red, warm and tender along the vein. What should the nurse do?
AApply a warm pack and keep using the same site
BIncrease the infusion rate to finish the bag sooner
CRemove the catheter and insert a new one at another site if still needed
DFlush the catheter harder to clear the vein and keep using the same site
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
微生物と感染経路別予防策の組み合わせで、正しいのはどれですか?
A麻疹-接触のみ
BC. difficile -空気
Cムンプス(流行性耳下腺炎)-飛沫
Dインフルエンザ-空気のみ
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
看護助手への指示として、最も明確なものはどれですか?
A「10 時にリーさんの血圧を測って、収縮期血圧が 100 未満なら、すぐに知らせてください。」
B「今朝はリーさんに気をつけて、様子を教えてください。」
C「部屋に入ったときに何か変だと感じたら、教えてください。」
D「昼食までのどこかで、リーさんのバイタルサインを測って、私のために記録に書いておいてください。」
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護師が、予定されている退院に疑問を呈すべき患者はどれですか?
A安定したギプスをつけ、松葉杖で安全に歩けている患者
B肺炎で、経口抗菌薬により 48 時間熱が出ていない患者
Cヘルニア修復術の後で、排尿でき、食事をとっている患者
D手術の 2 日後で、新たに心拍数が 112 回/分、体温が 38.4 °C の患者
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which is a recognised risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting?
AUse of opioids after surgery
BBeing a smoker
CBeing male
DA short operation under local anaesthetic
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Which patient should the nurse assess first?
AA patient with COPD whose SpO2 is 89% and within their target range
BA patient with diabetes whose glucose is 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL) before lunch
CA patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
DA postoperative patient who rates their pain as 6/10
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on hemodialysis has an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Where should the nurse draw routine blood samples?
AFrom the fistula
BFrom the left wrist
CFrom the left hand
DFrom the right arm
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with thalassemia major has received regular red cell transfusions for years. The ferritin is now very high. What does this most likely show, and what treatment is used?
AAcute infection, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
BIron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
CLiver failure, treated with a liver transplant at once
DIron deficiency, treated with IV iron supplements
11.薬理学ふつう
Which antihypertensive class can raise blood glucose and uric acid levels, sometimes triggering gout?
AACE inhibitors
BThiazide diuretics
CAngiotensin II receptor blockers
DAlpha-1 blockers
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?
AIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
BIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
CIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor
DIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient's blood pressure is 120/60 mmHg. What is the approximate mean arterial pressure?
A80 mmHg
B60 mmHg
C90 mmHg
D100 mmHg
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Hours after surgery to restore blood flow to an ischaemic leg, the patient has severe calf pain that is worse when the toes are moved passively, and the calf feels tense. What should the nurse suspect?
AA superficial thrombophlebitis of the long saphenous vein
BCramp from lying still in bed
CCompartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
DExpected postoperative pain from the leg wound
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
When the nurse squeezes the trapezius muscle, the patient brings a hand up above the collarbone towards the stimulus. Which GCS motor score is this?
A3, abnormal flexion
B4, withdraws from pain
C5, localises to pain
D6, obeys commands
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
An 84-year-old man became more confused a week after starting oxybutynin. Infection has been ruled out. What should the nurse suspect?
AAnticholinergic side effects of the drug
BNormal ageing that needs no review
CA sign that the drug dose is too low
DA symptom of a high potassium from the drug
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
麻痺性イレウスとは何ですか?
A血液供給を絶つ大腸のねじれ
B物理的な閉塞を伴わない腸の動きの消失
C腫瘍による腸管内腔の閉塞
D発熱を伴う腸壁の感染症
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
乳がんの患者が、錯乱、口渇、便秘、多尿を起こしました。どの腫瘍学的緊急事態を考えるべきですか?
A腫瘍崩壊症候群
B低血糖
C上大静脈閉塞
D悪性腫瘍に伴う高カルシウム血症
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A newborn's blood glucose is low but the baby is well and able to feed. What is the usual first step?
AGive IV insulin immediately
BFeed the baby and recheck the glucose
CWithhold feeds and observe for 6 hours
DGive the baby plain water by bottle
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
子宮底マッサージのあとも子宮が柔らかいままで、出血が多量です。優先すべき次の行動はどれですか?
Aチームを呼ぶ前に、自分で 30 分間、子宮底を強くマッサージし続ける
B経口で水分を勧め、1 時間後にもう一度確認する
C女性をファウラー位に起こす
D応援を呼び、プロトコルに従ってオキシトシンなど指示された子宮収縮薬を投与する
21.小児看護ふつう
Which instruction about using an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector is correct?
AInject it into the buttock muscle and then let the child walk it off at home
BUse it only after an antihistamine has failed to work
CInject into the upper arm muscle, but only after removing all the clothing first
DInject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
22.小児看護むずかしい
After cardiac catheterisation through the femoral artery, the nurse sees blood soaking through the dressing. What should the nurse do first?
AApply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site and call for help
BLift the leg up and bend the knee and hip to slow the blood flow to the site
CRemove the dressing to look at the wound more closely
DRecord the amount of blood and recheck in 30 minutes
23.精神看護ふつう
What must a patient be told for consent to a new psychotropic medicine to be valid?
ANothing at all, because psychiatric patients cannot give consent
BOnly the benefits, so that the patient is not frightened by the side effects
CThe expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
DOnly the name of the medicine and the time of day it will be given
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient who has taken haloperidol for many years now has repeated lip smacking and tongue movements. Which action is most appropriate?
AReassure the patient that the movements will soon stop on their own
BGive benztropine, because it reliably reverses these movements
CReport the movements, assess them with a scale such as the AIMS and ask for a medication review
DIncrease the haloperidol dose, because a higher dose suppresses the abnormal movements of the mouth and tongue
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の体温は 37.5 °C です。°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 を使って華氏 T に換算してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
37.5 °C
T = °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 66 kg の患者に対する指示は 4 mcg/kg/min です。この投与速度 D を mg/h で表してください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
4 mcg/kg/min66 kg
D = mg/h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 90 kg です。指示量は 1 日 10 mg/kg で、3 回に等分して投与します。1 回あたり何 mg D 投与しますか?
90 kg10 mg/kg/日3× 1 日あたり
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
20%(w/v)の原液から 2.5%(w/v)の溶液を 250 mL 調製する必要があります。 原液は何 mL V₁ 必要ですか?
C₁ = 20%C₂ = 2.5%V₂ = 250 mL
V₁ = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
1500 mL を 8 時間で投与するよう指示されています。4 時間後、バッグにまだ 830 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 ポンプを何 mL/h の速度 R に設定し直す必要がありますか?
1500 mL / 8 h経過時間 4 h: 830 mL
R = mL/h
30.点滴速度むずかしい
薬剤 500 mg を 500 mL に希釈し、60 滴/mL のセットで自然落下で投与します。指示は 1 時間あたり 75 mg です。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
500 mg/500 mL75 mg/h60 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。
答え: A · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
これが答えになる理由
Tolerance is a physical adaptation in which the same dose has less effect over time. It is not the same as addiction, which involves craving and harmful use.
答え
A · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Give up to 5 back blows
これが答えになる理由
For severe airway obstruction in a conscious adult, give up to 5 back blows, then up to 5 abdominal thrusts if needed, and repeat. Older US teaching started with abdominal thrusts alone. If they become unresponsive, start CPR.
答え
D · Give up to 5 back blows
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Remove the catheter and insert a new one at another site if still needed
これが答えになる理由
Redness, warmth and tenderness along the vein indicate phlebitis, which can lead to infection. The catheter is removed and, if IV access is still needed, a new one is placed at a different site.
答え
C · Remove the catheter and insert a new one at another site if still needed
Known risk factors include opioids, female sex, being a non-smoker, previous PONV or motion sickness and longer general anaesthetics. High-risk patients may be given preventive antiemetics.
答え
A · Use of opioids after surgery
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
これが答えになる理由
Being unable to complete sentences is a sign of acute severe or life-threatening asthma, an airway and breathing emergency. The other patients need attention but are not immediately life-threatened.
答え
C · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · From the right arm
これが答えになる理由
Venipuncture, blood pressure readings and IV lines are avoided in the arm with an AV fistula or graft, to prevent damage, clotting and infection of the access. Only the dialysis team uses the access, for dialysis.
答え
D · From the right arm
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Iron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
これが答えになる理由
The body has no active way to excrete iron, so repeated transfusions cause iron overload, which can damage the heart, liver and endocrine glands. A very high ferritin reflects this, and iron chelators are used to remove the excess.確認に用いた資料:Thalassemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Iron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
11.薬理学
答え: B · Thiazide diuretics
これが答えになる理由
Thiazide diuretics reduce uric acid excretion and can worsen glucose tolerance. They also cause low potassium and sodium, so electrolytes are monitored.
答え
B · Thiazide diuretics
12.薬理学
答え: A · Its metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
これが答えになる理由
Norpethidine is excreted by the kidney and is a CNS stimulant. When it accumulates, it causes tremor, agitation and seizures, so other opioids are preferred.
答え
A · Its metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · 80 mmHg
これが答えになる理由
MAP ≈ diastolic + (systolic − diastolic) ÷ 3 = 60 + 60 ÷ 3 = 80 mmHg. The heart spends longer in diastole, so MAP is closer to the diastolic value. A MAP of at least about 65 mmHg is a common target for organ perfusion.
答え
A · 80 mmHg
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Compartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
これが答えになる理由
When blood flow returns to ischaemic muscle, swelling can raise pressure in a fascial compartment. Pain out of proportion and pain on passive stretch are early signs; pulses may remain until late. It is reported urgently, as fasciotomy may be needed. The limb is kept at heart level, not raised high.
答え
C · Compartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · 5, localises to pain
これが答えになる理由
Localising to pain (5) means a purposeful movement towards the source of pain. Withdrawal (4) is pulling away, abnormal flexion (3) is decorticate posturing, and obeying commands (6) needs no pain at all. A central stimulus, such as a trapezius squeeze, is used to test for localising.
答え
C · 5, localises to pain
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Anticholinergic side effects of the drug
これが答えになる理由
Anticholinergic drugs such as oxybutynin can cause confusion and worsen cognition in older people. The prescriber should review the medicine and the patient's overall anticholinergic burden.
For mild, asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, early feeding and buccal glucose gel are used, with glucose rechecked per protocol. Symptomatic or persistent hypoglycaemia needs IV glucose.
答え: D · Inject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
これが答えになる理由
Auto-injectors are given into the outer mid-thigh and can go through clothing. Emergency services are called after every use, as symptoms can recur, and a second dose may be needed.
答え
D · Inject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
22.小児看護
答え: A · Apply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site and call for help
これが答えになる理由
Bleeding from an arterial puncture is controlled by firm pressure just above the site (over the artery), while help is called. The child is kept still with the leg straight, and vital signs and the limb are assessed.
答え
A · Apply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site and call for help
23.精神看護
答え: C · The expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
これが答えになる理由
Valid consent requires that the patient has capacity, has enough information about benefits, risks and alternatives, and decides voluntarily. A mental illness does not automatically remove capacity.
答え
C · The expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
24.精神看護
答え: C · Report the movements, assess them with a scale such as the AIMS and ask for a medication review
これが答えになる理由
These are signs of tardive dyskinesia, which can be permanent. Early detection and review of the antipsychotic are key; anticholinergic drugs do not treat tardive dyskinesia and may worsen it.
答え
C · Report the movements, assess them with a scale such as the AIMS and ask for a medication review
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 99.5 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
37.5·9/5 = 67.5
32を足す
T = 67.5 + 32 = 99.5 °F
答え
T = 99.5 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 15.84 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 4 mcg/kg/min × 66 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 4·66·60/1000 = 15.84 mg/h
答え
D = 15.84 mg/h
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 300 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
10·90 = 900 mg
1 回あたり
D = 900/3 = 300 mg
答え
D = 300 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V₁ = 31.25 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
原液の量
V₁ = 2.5·250/20 = 31.25 mL
答え
V₁ = 31.25 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 207.5 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 16/min → 0
SpO₂ 89% → 3
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 118 mmHg → 0
HR 58/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 35.2 °C → 1
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 3 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 6
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
中
答え
中
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。