Before giving a medication to a child, which check is especially important?
AThat the child likes the taste of the drug
BThat the parent agrees with the time it is given
CThat the medicine cup is the child’s favorite color
DThat the dose is correct for the child’s weight
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Two call lights go on at the same time. One patient has pain of 7/10 after surgery. The other is a confused patient at high risk of falls who is climbing out of bed alone. Who does the nurse go to first?
AThe confused patient climbing out of bed
BThe patient in pain after surgery
CWhichever patient’s room is closer to the station
Why is hypokalaemia particularly dangerous in a patient taking digoxin?
ADigoxin raises potassium to dangerous levels when it is already low
BLow potassium makes digoxin work too slowly
CLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
DLow potassium stops digoxin from being absorbed
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
敗血症が疑われる患者の血液培養は、いつ採取すべきですか?
A発熱が 3 日を超えて続く場合のみ
B抗菌薬は結果に影響しないので、いつでも
C最初の抗菌薬の前に、投与をあまり遅らせずに
D抗菌薬の最初の 3 回の投与後
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient with thrombocytopenia (platelets 25 × 10³/µL) about home safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll blow my nose gently, not forcefully"
B"I'll take aspirin if I get a headache"
C"I'll use an electric razor to shave"
D"I'll use a soft-bristled toothbrush"
11.薬理学ふつう
Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?
ACumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
BRapid rise in cholesterol
CPericarditis caused by infection
DSevere hypertension during the infusion itself
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient starting sertraline is taught about the drug. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will tell someone if I have thoughts of harming myself."
B"If I feel better after a week, I can stop taking it."
C"It may take a few weeks to feel the full effect."
D"I may have some nausea at first."
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?
AWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
BAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
DIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
After chest trauma, a patient is hypotensive with reduced breath sounds on the left. Which finding suggests a haemothorax rather than a tension pneumothorax?
Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
BThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop
CThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced
DA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which infection control measure is correct for a patient with C. difficile diarrhoea?
AA face mask for the patient and visitors only
BA shared bay, as long as alcohol gel is used after every contact
CA single room with its own toilet, and soap-and-water handwashing
DNo special measures once antibiotics have started
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient has sharp, tearing pain on passing stool, "like passing glass", with a streak of fresh blood. Which condition is most likely?
AUpper GI bleeding
BAnal fissure
CCrohn's disease of the ileum
DColorectal cancer
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman who has had a caesarean asks when she can drive again. Which answer is most accurate?
AThe same day she is discharged
BOnly after her stitches are removed by a doctor
CNever before 6 months
DWhen she can brake hard without pain
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 29 weeks is in preterm labour and is given magnesium sulfate. What is the main reason for giving it at this gestation?
ATo prevent eclamptic seizures
BTo treat a urinary tract infection
CTo speed up fetal lung maturation
DTo reduce the baby's risk of cerebral palsy
21.小児看護ふつう
鎌状赤血球症の血管閉塞発作(疼痛発作)の管理で中心となる対応はどれですか?
A補液、効果的な鎮痛、子どもが低酸素なら酸素投与
B鉄剤
C腎臓を守るための水分制限と、痛みのある部位への冷罨法
D鎮痛薬を使わない厳格な安静
22.小児看護むずかしい
Which child is most appropriate to assign to a practical (enrolled) nurse?
AA 7-year-old 2 days after an appendicectomy, stable on oral analgesia
BAn infant with bronchiolitis who needs more and more oxygen
CA 5-year-old just back from tonsillectomy who keeps swallowing
DA 9-year-old newly admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis on an insulin infusion
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient shouts at the nurse, "You're useless! You never help me!" Which response is most therapeutic?
A"If you speak to me like that, I'm leaving."
B"That's not true. I've helped you all day."
C"You sound very angry. Tell me what has happened."
D"You shouldn't talk to people like that."
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient on daily methadone maintenance has had abdominal surgery. Which statement about his pain management is correct?
AHis methadone should be stopped while he is in hospital
BHis usual methadone dose will fully control his post-operative pain, so no other analgesia should be given
CHis usual methadone should continue, and additional analgesia is usually needed for acute pain
DHe should get no opioids at all, because of his history
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 9 lb 14 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
9 lb 14 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 2 tbsp / 液体サプリメント, 1½ カップ / お茶, 2½ tsp / 咳止めシロップ を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 tbsp = 15 mL1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
バイアルに粉末 1 g が入っています。ラベルには「注射用水 3.4 mL を加えると全量 4 mL になる」とあります。処方は 750 mg です。溶解した溶液を何 mL V 投与しますか?
1 g+ 3.4 mL → 4 mL750 mg
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 2880 マイクログラムです。アンプルは 4 mg/mL を含みます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
2880 mcg4 mg/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
10 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1500 mL を 5 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
1500 mL5 h10 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 50 mL 中に薬を 500 mg 含み、12 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
500 mg/50 mL12 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。
答え: A · Support the patient to tell the team their wishes
これが答えになる理由
As an advocate the nurse makes sure the patient's own wishes are heard. A competent adult decides about their treatment, and the family's views do not override this.
答え
A · Support the patient to tell the team their wishes
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
これが答えになる理由
A loose needle is a hazard to everyone who handles the linen. The nurse disposes of it safely without recapping, using an instrument if needed, and reports the incident so the cause can be addressed.
答え
D · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
答え: D · That the dose is correct for the child’s weight
これが答えになる理由
Pediatric doses are usually calculated by weight, and errors can cause serious harm. The nurse checks the dose against the child’s weight and the safe range before giving it.
答え
D · That the dose is correct for the child’s weight
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · The confused patient climbing out of bed
これが答えになる理由
A confused patient climbing out of bed could fall and be badly injured within moments. Pain needs prompt treatment, but the immediate safety risk comes first.
答え: C · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin binds to the sodium–potassium ATPase at the site potassium normally uses. When potassium is low, digoxin binds more, raising the risk of toxicity and arrhythmias.
答え
C · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet function and raises the bleeding risk further in thrombocytopenia, so it and other NSAIDs are avoided unless prescribed. An electric razor, gentle nose blowing and a soft toothbrush reduce minor bleeding.確認に用いた資料:Bleeding and Bruising (Thrombocytopenia) and Cancer Treatment · National Cancer Institute (NIH) (2022); Aspirin · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · "I'll take aspirin if I get a headache"
11.薬理学
答え: A · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin can damage heart muscle, and the risk increases with cumulative dose. Heart function is assessed before and during treatment; the drug can also turn urine red.
答え
A · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
12.薬理学
答え: B · "If I feel better after a week, I can stop taking it."
これが答えになる理由
Antidepressants are continued for months after improvement to prevent relapse, and are tapered when stopped. Early nausea, delayed benefit and monitoring for suicidal thoughts are correct points.
答え
B · "If I feel better after a week, I can stop taking it."
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · In the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
これが答えになる理由
Loop diuretics produce a brisk diuresis that lasts several hours. Taking them in the morning (and a second dose by early afternoon if prescribed) avoids nocturia, broken sleep and night-time falls.
答え
D · In the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Dullness to percussion on the affected side
これが答えになる理由
Blood in the pleural space gives a dull percussion note, whereas air gives hyper-resonance. In haemothorax the neck veins are often flat because of blood loss; in tension pneumothorax they are distended. A massive haemothorax needs a large chest drain, blood replacement and surgical review.
答え: D · A honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
これが答えになる理由
After diagnosis and correction of high glucose, remaining beta cells may work better for a while, so insulin needs fall. This honeymoon phase is temporary. The doses are reduced, but insulin is not stopped.
答え
D · A honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · A single room with its own toilet, and soap-and-water handwashing
これが答えになる理由
C. difficile forms spores that resist alcohol gel, so soap and water are used. Patients are isolated with their own toilet, staff use gloves and aprons, and the environment is cleaned with a sporicidal agent such as chlorine.
答え
C · A single room with its own toilet, and soap-and-water handwashing
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Anal fissure
これが答えになる理由
An anal fissure causes severe pain during and after defecation with bright red blood. Treatment includes stool softeners, fibre and topical treatment to relax the sphincter.
答え
B · Anal fissure
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · When she can brake hard without pain
これが答えになる理由
There is no fixed time. She can drive when she can brake suddenly, look over her shoulder and wear a seat belt comfortably. Many women need about 4 to 6 weeks, and insurance rules may apply.
答え
D · When she can brake hard without pain
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · To reduce the baby's risk of cerebral palsy
これが答えになる理由
Before about 32 weeks, magnesium sulfate given when preterm birth is imminent reduces the risk of cerebral palsy. It is a neuroprotective use, separate from seizure prevention in pre-eclampsia.
答え: A · A 7-year-old 2 days after an appendicectomy, stable on oral analgesia
これが答えになる理由
Practical or enrolled nurses usually care for stable children with predictable outcomes. Children who are unstable, newly admitted with a complex condition or showing signs of deterioration need a registered nurse's assessment.
答え
A · A 7-year-old 2 days after an appendicectomy, stable on oral analgesia
23.精神看護
答え: C · "You sound very angry. Tell me what has happened."
これが答えになる理由
A calm, non-defensive response that names the feeling invites the patient to explain the cause of the anger. Arguing or threatening tends to escalate the situation.
答え
C · "You sound very angry. Tell me what has happened."
24.精神看護
答え: C · His usual methadone should continue, and additional analgesia is usually needed for acute pain
これが答えになる理由
Maintenance methadone prevents withdrawal but does not treat acute pain. Patients with opioid tolerance often need more analgesia than usual. Withholding pain relief is unsafe and unethical.
答え
C · His usual methadone should continue, and additional analgesia is usually needed for acute pain
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 4.49 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
14 oz/16 = 0.875 lb
9 + 0.875 = 9.875 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 9.875/2.2 = 4.489 ≈ 4.49 kg
答え
m = 4.49 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 402.5 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
2 tbsp = 2·15 = 30 mL
1½ カップ = 1.5·240 = 360 mL
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
足す
V = 30 + 360 + 12.5 = 402.5 mL
答え
V = 402.5 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 3 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 21/min → 2
SpO₂ 99% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 78 mmHg → 3
HR 104/min → 1
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.5 °C → 0
足す
NEWS2 = 2 + 0 + 0 + 3 + 1 + 0 + 0 = 6
答え
NEWS2 = 6
34.臨床アセスメントスコア
答え: 低~中
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 14/min → 0
SpO₂ 90% → 3
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 118 mmHg → 0
HR 70/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.9 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 3
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
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