A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated
BLithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
CLithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
DLithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
未分画ヘパリンの持続注入の調整に用いる検査はどれですか?
AaPTT(または抗Xa活性)
BINR(国際標準比)
C血清フィブリノゲン値
DDダイマー値
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient has new chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression, but serial troponins remain normal. Which diagnosis fits best?
AST-elevation myocardial infarction
BNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
CStable angina
DUnstable angina
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?
AThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
BThrough the nose (nasogastric)
CThrough the nose with a guidewire
DThrough the mouth (orogastric)
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with CKD has a high phosphate, a low calcium and a high PTH. What does this show?
AToo much vitamin D from supplements
BSecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
CPrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumour
DHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which burn should usually be discussed with a specialist burns service even if it is small?
AA partial-thickness burn on the hand
BA tiny burn on the forearm with redness only
CA healed burn scar from many years ago
DA small superficial sunburn on the back
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
After a coughing fit, the external mark on a patient's nasogastric tube has moved 10 cm. Feed is due. What should the nurse do?
AGive the medicines only and save the feed for later
BDo not use the tube until its position is confirmed by policy
CPush the tube back to the original mark and start the feed
DStart the feed at a slow rate and watch for coughing
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI asks how much weight she should gain. Which range do the widely used US Institute of Medicine guidelines recommend?
AAbout 11.5 to 16 kg
BAbout 5 to 9 kg
CAbout 2 to 4 kg
DAbout 18 to 23 kg
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman has a painful, red breast with a fluctuant swelling that has not improved after antibiotics. What should be suspected?
AA blocked duct needing only massage
BAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic
CNormal engorgement
DA breast abscess needing drainage
21.小児看護ふつう
How should the nurse position the ear when giving ear drops to a 2-year-old?
APull the earlobe gently forward and up
BPull the pinna gently up and back
CLeave the pinna alone and tilt the head
DPull the pinna gently down and back
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child has suspected septic shock. Which action is the most time-critical?
AWaiting for the blood culture results before starting any antibiotic treatment
BGiving IV antibiotics as soon as possible, ideally within the first hour
CGiving oral antibiotics and reviewing the child again in the morning
DStarting antibiotics after the fever has been present for 24 hours
23.精神看護ふつう
患者が「薬を飲むよ、読むよ、住むよ、つむよ」と言います。これを何と呼びますか?
A音連合
B保続
C反響言語
D言語新作
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient tells the nurse, "You're the only one I can talk to. You're much better than the other nurses." What is the most appropriate response?
A"The other nurses are not as experienced as I am, so it makes sense that you prefer talking to me."
B"I'm glad our talks help. All the staff here are working with you, and it's important that you can talk to them too."
C"You shouldn't compare nurses. That's not fair to them, and it's rude."
D"Thank you. I'll make sure I'm always the one assigned to you from now on."
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重の換算結果は 51.3732 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
51.3732 kg
x = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 6時間ごと を 2 tsp、10 日間と書かれています。1 tsp = 5 mL を用いて、全期間に必要な mL V はいくつですか。
2 tsp6時間ごと10 日1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 45 kg で、1 回量として 20 mg/kg が指示されています。投与量 D を mg で求めなさい。
Spiritual care is an important part of end-of-life care. The nurse responds promptly to such requests and records the patient's wishes.
答え
A · Arrange the visit as soon as possible
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Escalate further, for example to a senior doctor or the rapid response team
これが答えになる理由
If a response is delayed and the patient deteriorates, the nurse follows the escalation policy to the next level and keeps monitoring and supporting ABCDE. Each step is documented.
答え
A · Escalate further, for example to a senior doctor or the rapid response team
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · At least every 2 hours
これが答えになる理由
Restrained patients are checked often for circulation, skin and comfort, and the restraint is released at least every 2 hours for movement, toileting, fluids and skin care. Exact intervals follow the facility’s policy.
Arterial ulcers are usually on the feet or toes, painful and punched-out, with signs of poor perfusion. Venous ulcers are usually around the ankle, shallow and associated with swelling and skin staining.
答え
B · An arterial ulcer
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · From the right arm
これが答えになる理由
Venipuncture, blood pressure readings and IV lines are avoided in the arm with an AV fistula or graft, to prevent damage, clotting and infection of the access. Only the dialysis team uses the access, for dialysis.
スルホニル尿素薬はβ細胞の ATP 感受性カリウムチャネルを閉じ、インスリンを分泌させます。血糖がすでに低くてもインスリンが分泌されるため、低血糖が主なリスクです。
答え
D · 低血糖
12.薬理学
答え: D · Lithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
これが答えになる理由
Lithium interferes with ADH action in the collecting duct, causing polyuria and polydipsia. Dehydration from this can raise lithium levels further, so fluid balance matters.
答え
D · Lithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
Unstable angina is new, worsening or rest angina without a troponin rise. It is an acute coronary syndrome and is managed urgently because it can progress to infarction. Stable angina is predictable and exertional. NSTEMI has a rising troponin.
答え
D · Unstable angina
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Through the mouth (orogastric)
これが答えになる理由
A tube passed through the nose could enter the cranial vault through the fractured skull base. An orogastric route avoids this. Nasal suction and nose blowing are also avoided.
答え
D · Through the mouth (orogastric)
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Secondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
これが答えになる理由
In CKD, phosphate retention and low active vitamin D lower calcium, so the parathyroid glands release more PTH. This secondary hyperparathyroidism weakens bone. Treatment includes phosphate control, vitamin D and sometimes calcimimetics.
答え
B · Secondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · A partial-thickness burn on the hand
これが答えになる理由
Burns of the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum and major joints, as well as circumferential, chemical, electrical and inhalation injuries, usually need specialist advice because of their risks and functional impact.
答え
A · A partial-thickness burn on the hand
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Do not use the tube until its position is confirmed by policy
これが答えになる理由
A change in external length means the tube may have moved. Pushing it back blindly is unsafe. It is not used until placement is confirmed by pH or X-ray, or it is replaced.
答え
B · Do not use the tube until its position is confirmed by policy
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · About 11.5 to 16 kg
これが答えになる理由
For a normal BMI, the US Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Medicine) recommends a total gain of about 11.5 to 16 kg (25 to 35 lb), more for underweight women and less for women with obesity. The UK has no official target range; NICE focuses on healthy eating and activity.
答え
A · About 11.5 to 16 kg
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · A breast abscess needing drainage
これが答えになる理由
A fluctuant, persistent painful mass despite antibiotics suggests a breast abscess. It needs ultrasound and drainage. Breastfeeding from the other breast can usually continue.
答え
D · A breast abscess needing drainage
21.小児看護
答え: D · Pull the pinna gently down and back
これが答えになる理由
In children under about 3 years the ear canal is short and angled upward, so the pinna is pulled down and back. In older children and adults it is pulled up and back.
答え
D · Pull the pinna gently down and back
22.小児看護
答え: B · Giving IV antibiotics as soon as possible, ideally within the first hour
これが答えになる理由
In septic shock, IV antibiotics are given as soon as possible, ideally within an hour of recognition, after cultures are taken if this does not cause delay. Fluid resuscitation and close monitoring are started at the same time.
答え
B · Giving IV antibiotics as soon as possible, ideally within the first hour
答え: B · "I'm glad our talks help. All the staff here are working with you, and it's important that you can talk to them too."
これが答えになる理由
Accepting the role of the "only" helper encourages dependence and splitting. The nurse acknowledges the patient's feeling and encourages trust in the whole team, which keeps care consistent.
答え
B · "I'm glad our talks help. All the staff here are working with you, and it's important that you can talk to them too."
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1 回あたりの容量
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
全投与期間
V = 10 mL × 4/日 × 10 = 400 mL
答え
V = 400 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 900 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
投与量
20·45 = 900 mg
答え
D = 900 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: D = 80.71 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。