A patient's levothyroxine dose was changed today. When is the TSH usually rechecked?
AAfter about 1 year
BAfter about 6–8 weeks
CAfter about 24 hours
DAfter about 3 days
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A man of Mediterranean descent develops dark urine, jaundice and a falling hemoglobin a few days after eating fava beans. Which condition is most likely?
ASickle cell crisis with vaso-occlusion
BIron-deficiency anemia from poor diet
CVitamin B12 deficiency anemia
DG6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a corticosteroid inhaler at the same time of day. Which order is usually taught?
AUse both in the same breath to save time
BUse the salbutamol first, wait a few minutes, then use the steroid
CThe order does not matter and no waiting is needed
DUse the steroid first, then the salbutamol right after without any gap
12.薬理学むずかしい
500 mg の静注で初期血漿濃度が 10 mg/L になりました。分布容積はいくつですか?
A5 L
B50 L
C500 L
D5000 L
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?
AWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
BOnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
CImmediately after the scope is removed
DAfter a full 24 hours without food
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?
AA large difference in blood pressure between the arms
BSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
CA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
DPain that started at rest
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?
AVenous thrombosis
BHypoglycaemia
CLow cholesterol
DBleeding from low platelets
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3.5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?
ASeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
BDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
CStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
DWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
小さな熱傷や散在する熱傷で、体表面積の1%を簡便に見積もるために使う面積はどれですか?
A患者の、指を含む手のひら
B患者の親指の爪
C患者の手と前腕
D診察者の、指を含む手のひら
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
大きな熱傷の3日目に、患者が大量の尿を出し始めました。看護師はどの電解質の問題を予測すべきですか?
A腎臓がナトリウムを保持し始めることによる高ナトリウム血症
B安静と不動による高カルシウム血症
C新たな組織損傷がカリウムを放出することによる高カリウム血症
D水分が循環に戻ることによる低カリウム血症
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Parents ask where their newborn should sleep at night. Which advice reduces the risk of sudden infant death?
AIn the parents' bed, between the two adults
BIn a separate cot or crib in the parents' room
CIn a separate bedroom from the first night
DOn a sofa with a parent when the baby is unsettled
答え: A · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
これが答えになる理由
Traces of food or drink on the finger can raise the reading. Washing with water and drying fully gives an accurate result; alcohol wipes can also affect some meters.
答え
A · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
答え: C · MMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
これが答えになる理由
Live vaccines such as MMR and varicella are not given during pregnancy. A non-immune woman is vaccinated after delivery, and pregnancy is avoided for a period after vaccination.
答え
C · MMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · “Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
これが答えになる理由
People without a spleen are at risk of overwhelming infection, especially from encapsulated bacteria. Fever needs prompt medical assessment, and vaccines are kept up to date.
答え
C · “Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Dislocation of the new hip
これが答えになる理由
Sudden pain with shortening and rotation of the leg suggests prosthetic hip dislocation. The nurse keeps the leg still, checks circulation and informs the surgeon.
答え: C · Gas used during the operation irritating the diaphragm
これが答えになる理由
Carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen can irritate the diaphragm, causing referred shoulder-tip pain. It usually settles within a few days with mobilisation and analgesia.
答え
C · Gas used during the operation irritating the diaphragm
Levothyroxine has a half-life of about a week, so a steady state takes about 6 weeks. The TSH is therefore rechecked about 6–8 weeks after a dose change; checking earlier gives a misleading result.確認に用いた資料:Hypothyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · After about 6–8 weeks
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
これが答えになる理由
G6PD deficiency makes red cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Fava beans, some drugs (such as primaquine and some sulfonamides) and infections can trigger acute hemolysis, with dark urine, jaundice and anemia. Triggers are avoided.
答え
D · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
11.薬理学
答え: B · Use the salbutamol first, wait a few minutes, then use the steroid
これが答えになる理由
The bronchodilator opens the airways so that the inhaled steroid can reach further into the lungs. A short wait between the inhalers is usually advised.
答え
B · Use the salbutamol first, wait a few minutes, then use the steroid
答え: A · When the gag and cough reflexes have returned
これが答えになる理由
Local anaesthetic sprayed on the throat abolishes the gag and cough reflexes for a time, so food or fluid could be aspirated. The nurse checks that the reflexes have returned (often after about one to two hours) before giving sips of water and then food.
答え
A · When the gag and cough reflexes have returned
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · A large difference in blood pressure between the arms
これが答えになる理由
A difference of more than about 20 mmHg in systolic pressure between the arms, a pulse deficit or a new aortic regurgitation murmur suggests dissection. Sweating, tachycardia and rest pain also occur in MI. Thrombolysis and anticoagulants could be disastrous in dissection, so the distinction matters.
答え
A · A large difference in blood pressure between the arms
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Venous thrombosis
これが答えになる理由
In nephrotic syndrome, anticoagulant proteins such as antithrombin are lost, and clotting factors made by the liver rise, so venous thrombosis is more likely. Infection and high cholesterol are other complications.
答え
A · Venous thrombosis
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Seek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
これが答えになる理由
Blood ketones above 3 mmol/L, especially with vomiting, mean a high risk of DKA, even if the glucose is only moderately raised. The patient needs urgent assessment. Insulin should not be stopped.
答え
A · Seek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
答え: B · In a separate cot or crib in the parents' room
これが答えになる理由
Both US (AAP) and UK (NHS) guidance advise room-sharing without bed-sharing: the baby sleeps on the back in a cot or crib in the parents' room for at least the first 6 months. Sleeping with a baby on a sofa or armchair is especially dangerous.
答え
B · In a separate cot or crib in the parents' room
答え: A · On the side, curled up with knees drawn up and head bent forward
これが答えになる理由
Curling the child on the side (or sitting and bending forward) flexes the spine and widens the spaces between lumbar vertebrae for the needle. A nurse holds the child gently and monitors breathing, as tight flexion can compromise the airway in infants.
答え
A · On the side, curled up with knees drawn up and head bent forward
22.小児看護
答え: B · An isotonic crystalloid such as 0.9% sodium chloride
これが答えになる理由
Isotonic crystalloids such as 0.9% sodium chloride or balanced solutions are used for boluses because they expand intravascular volume. Hypotonic fluids such as 5% glucose move into cells and can cause hyponatraemia and brain swelling.
答え
B · An isotonic crystalloid such as 0.9% sodium chloride
23.精神看護
答え: A · Fasting for several hours, because a brief general anaesthetic is given
これが答えになる理由
ECT is given under brief general anaesthesia with a muscle relaxant, so pre-procedure fasting is needed. Vital signs, consent and removal of dentures, jewellery and nail varnish are checked as per policy.
答え
A · Fasting for several hours, because a brief general anaesthetic is given
24.精神看護
答え: C · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
これが答えになる理由
Signs of financial abuse and neglect require a private conversation, careful documentation and reporting through safeguarding procedures. Confrontation could increase the risk to her.
答え
C · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
3 カップ = 3·240 = 720 mL
2 fl oz = 2·30 = 60 mL
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
足す
V = 15 + 720 + 60 + 15 = 810 mL
答え
V = 810 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 185 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 135·1.37 = 185 mg
答え
D = 185 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: D = 83.12 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面積
BSA = √(134·33/3600) = √1.228 = 1.108 m²
投与量
D = 75·1.108 = 83.12 mg
答え
D = 83.12 mg
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 160 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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